第5模块-书面表达-文体及题型指导

1、2012届高三英语二轮复习精品课件（湖北专用）：第5模块 书面表达 文体及题型指导专题一记叙文型书面表达专题一记叙文型书面表达 专题导读英语记叙文的书面表达一般要求考生根据所给的情景组织语言材料。要想高分完卷， 必须注意：1作文前要根据要求或暗示确定好用什么人称。一般来说， 英语记叙文要以“第一人称(I /we)和第三人称(He/ She/ It/ They)”展开叙述。第一人称是从“参与者”的角度进行叙述；第三人称是以“观察者”的身份展开叙述。要就事论事， 不要画蛇添足， 节外生枝。2交代清楚记叙文写作的基本要素：人物(who/whom)、时间(when)、地点(where)、事由(what

2、)、原因(why)。注意从具体的材料中提炼中心， 并根据中心思想选择材料， 合理安排情节， 注意写作的顺序以及记叙的详略。 3注意选择合适的时态和叙述的方法。记叙文一般是叙述已经发生过的事情， 因此其基本时态应该是一般过去时。其记叙的顺序包括：(1)以时间为线索， 按时间的顺序展开。常用的话语标志有：afterwards, at the same time, first, then, next, finally, soon, immediately, following等。(2)以地点为线索， 以地点的转移为顺序。(3)以事件的发展为线索， 或以人物的出现先后展开。4记叙事情时， 要注意主题鲜

3、明突出， 内容感人深刻。写人时， 要抓住典型事例、典型行动和表现。对中心事件和最能表现中心思想的地方， 要详细叙述；次要的东西就少写或不写。真题典例2011北京卷 假设你是红星中学高二(1)班的学生李华。下面四幅图描述了近期发生在你们班的一个真实故事，请根据图片的先后顺序，为校刊“英语园地”写一篇短文。词数不少于60。One possible version：Last Monday, we were having our Chinese class when the teacher suddenly slipped and fell. We were all worried about her

4、. One of the boys carried her on the back, with the help of some others, to the clinic immediately. It turned out that her right leg was broken and she had to stay in the hospital. The following day, we went to visit her with flowers and fruit. Seeing her lying in bed with her leg wrapped in bandage

5、s, we felt sorry for her and hoped that she would recover soon. This Thursday she returned to the class on a wheelchair to give us lessons. We were all deeply moved and proud of having such a responsible teacher. 新题预测 (一) 假设你是红星中学高三(1)班的李华， 上周六在颐和园做了一件好事救了一名落水儿童。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序， 写一篇英文周记， 叙述事情发生的全过程并简要

6、谈谈自己的感受。注意：1.周记的开头已为你写好(不计入总词数)。2.词数：100左右。It was sunny last Saturday. I went to the Summer Palace to spend my weekend as usual._ One possible version：It was sunny last Saturday.I went to the Summer Palace to spend my weekend as usual.At about noon，I was enjoying my reading in a pavilion near a lake

7、 when suddenly I heard someone crying for help.I jumped up to see what was happening and was shocked by the scene.In the distance a little kid was struggling in the water，while many people were standing by without doing anything.Believe it or not，I even heard some people say that it was none of thei

8、r business and it was freezing cold after all.Without hesitation，I pushedthrough the crowd as I took off my coat，and jumped into the water quickly.Cold as the water was，I managed to reach him and held him back to the bank.To my great relief，the kid was saved in time.I was proud of what I had done.I

9、hope everyone can give a hand when someone else is in need. (二)今年4月14号， 北京的部分高校开展了校园开放日活动， 你和你的父母前往一所你向往的大学参观咨询。请根据下面四幅图的先后顺序， 写一篇英文日记， 叙述你们这一天的活动及感受。注意：1日记的开头已为你写好，不计入总词数；2词数不少于100。April 14SaturdaySunnyToday some universities were open to the public._ One possible version：April 14 SaturdaySundayTod

10、ay some universities were open to the public.Its a good chance for me to know more about my dream university.So, I，accompanied by my parents，went to Peking University.Early in the morning，we arrived there excitedly.To our surprise，many students had already been there.Directly we went to the stands w

11、here teachers and voluntary students of different departments made introduction and answered questions.Since Iintend to choose English as my major，we spent lots of time asking the teachers for detailed information and advice.I was deeply impressed by the wonderful courses and learned professors.Then

12、 we were attracted by the stands of various clubs.It was really amazing that they have organized such colorful activities I just cant wait for such a wonderful college life!Inspired by what I saw during the day，I am determined to try my best to get admitted to the university.专题二议论文型书面表达 专题导读议论文是高考英语

13、试卷中最常考查的文体之一。一般选取考生所熟悉的社会上的热点和焦点问题， 通过剖析事物来论述事理、发表意见或提出主张。在具体的写作中要求通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非等方式来确定其观点的正确或错误， 树立或否定某种观点或主张。近几年的高考书面表达中， 议论文的命题形式是以文字提纲、图画和表格的方式来呈现写作材料的。写作方法主要是三段式作文法。所谓三段式作文法， 就是将一篇书面表达按三段的写作模式布局谋篇， 即开头、正文、结尾。三段式写作模式思路清晰， 结构分明， 是考生提高自己作文档次的最佳选择。 (1)第一段开门见山直奔主题， 提出要解决的问题或观点， 或者交代清楚时间、地点、人物、做什么。 (2

14、)第二段摆出事实或提出论据， 或者把事情发展的经过详细写出来。该部分条理要清楚， 过渡要自然， 也就是评分细则所要求的“有效地使用了语句间的连接成分， 使全文结构紧凑，完全达到预期的写作目的”。 为了迅速把握句与句、段与段的连接方式， 很有必要熟记各种表示逻辑意义的过渡词语。(3)最后一段， 得出结论。可以有三种方式：重复中心思想， 回到文章开头提出的中心思想或主题上， 达到再次肯定和强调的效果。引用。用格言或名人名言总结全文， 既言简意赅，又有较强的说服力。得出结论。文章最后用几句话概括全文内容， 并进一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者观点。写此类文体可以遵循如下的写作模板：模板1.1：观点对比T

15、he topic about is becoming more and more popular in our school recently. There are two kinds of opinions about it.Some students prefer to consider doing sth. (Some students say is their favorite.) They think that_理由一_. Whats more, _理由二_Moreover, _理由三_However, others believe is a better choice for th

16、ree reasons. To begin with, _理由一_Next，In addition, From my point of view, the former is surely a wise choice. The reason is that(或者用：As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that)模板7：说明利弊题型这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状， 再对比事物本身的利弊， 有时也会单从一个角度(利或弊)出发， 最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度(或对事物前景提出预测)。1说明事物现状；2.事物本身的优缺点(或一方面)

17、；3.你对现状(或前景)的看法。真题典例2011江西卷 假设你是星光中学的李华，将参加主题为“Lets Ride Bicycles”的英语演讲比赛。请撰写一份演讲稿，主要内容包括：1目前汽车带来的空气污染和交通堵塞等问题；2骑自行车的益处，如节能环保、有利健康等。参考词汇：低碳生活(lowcarbon life)；节能(energy saving)注意：1词数：120词左右；2演讲稿开头和结尾已给出，请将其抄写在答题卡上且该部分不计入总词数。Good morning，everyone，I_am_Li_Hua_from_Xingguang_Middle_School.The_topic_of_m

18、y_speech_is_“Lets_Ride_Bicycles”_Thank_you!One possible version：Good morning，everyone，I am Li Hua from Xingguang Middle School.The topic of my speech is “Lets Ride Bicycles”As is known to all，with the improvement of peoples living standards，cars have become a popular means of transport，bringing grea

19、t convenience to our life.However，they have also caused some problems such as air pollution and traffic jams.How can we solve the problems then？As far as Im concerned，riding bicycles is a good solution.For one thing，bicycles dont need any petrol and they are energysaving.For another，bicycles are env

20、ironmentally friendly because they wont give off waste gas.Whats more，riding bicycles is a good way for us to exercise and it is beneficial to our health.Therefore，lets take the responsibility to build up a lowcarbon city by riding bicycles.Come on and join us!Thank you!新题预测 (一)你们班会的讨论主题是“上大学是高中生唯一的

21、出路吗？”请你根据下面图表及汉语提示， 写一篇短文， 并阐述你的个人观点。注意：1词数100左右；2开头语已为你写好(不计入总词数)。参考要点：1增长学识， 提高素养， 利于择业；2成功的路不止一条；3学费高， 就业难。参考词汇：tuition n. 学费qualities n. 素养 Is It the Only Way Out to Go to College?We had a discussion about _ One possible version：Is It the Only Way Out to Go to College?We had a discussion about w

22、hether it is the only way out for senior students to go to college. Views vary from person to person.The majority/Sixty percent of us consider it very necessary to go to college. They think it can widen their knowledge and improve their qualities. Only in this way can they find better jobs after gra

23、duation. Very few students/Ten percent of the students think it no usegoing to college, because the tuition is too high for their family to afford. Whats more, its rather hard for college graduates to seek satisfactory jobs. Thirty percent of the students, however, believe “All roads lead to Rome”.

24、Therefore it doesnt make any difference whether they go to college or not.In my opinion, we should receive a better education at college so that we can serve our motherland. (二)假设你班最近举行了一次班会， 讨论怎样使英语学习变成一件快乐的事。请你根据下表所提示的信息， 为某英语网站写一篇短文， 谈谈你们的讨论情况并提出你的建议。注意：1对所给要点逐一陈述， 适当发挥， 不要简单翻译；2词数150左右。开头已经写好， 不

25、计入总词数；3作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。参考词汇：interact adj.互动的Recently we had a discussion on how to make learning English relaxing and fun._ One possible version：Recently, we had a discussion on how to make learning English relaxing and fun. Most students believe that there are many ways to do so. First of all, w

26、e can have more interactive activities in class, such as discussions, interviews, storytelling and roleplay. In this way, we can have more fun learning English. Secondly, we can take part in more outofclass activities like English speech contests and English evenings. Through these activities we can

27、 improve our English skills in an easy and relaxing way. Thirdly, we need to find moreopportunities to communicate with people in English, whether they are English teachers or classmates, foreigners or Chinese, because using English is the best way to improve it. These ideas sound reasonable and pra

28、ctical. From my experience, there are many other interesting and relaxing ways. For example, we can listen to English songs and watch English movies. We can also watch English programs on TV, join English clubs or make English penfriends on the Internet. All in all, what we need is more free time an

29、d more space.专题三说明文型书面表达 专题导读说明文是以说明为主要表达方式， 要求用简洁明快的语言来解说事物、阐明事理， 从而给读者提供知识的一种文体。近几年高考说明文多数以图表、表格或文字的形式给出提示， 并往往融合在应用文体中进行考查， 一般分为：场所路线介绍；事物介绍；方式、方法或计划、安排介绍三大类。在写作时要求语言简明扼要， 通俗易懂， 说明过程讲究层次性和条理性。写作时要注意： 1. 要注意写作顺序。要特别讲究文章的层次和条理， 能反映客观事物本身逻辑顺序。对于不同的说明对象， 在组织结构上可按时间、空间、结构、工艺程序、计划安排等顺序来写。2. 注意说明方法。可采用举

30、例、比较、对比分析、叙述等方式来描述， 可采取先举例后总结或者先总结后举例的结构模式。不需要发表主张， 抒发个人情感。3. 这种文体通常用第三人称， 时态以一般现在时为主。真题典例2011江苏卷 下面这幅照片展现了女儿为回家的妈妈拿包的情景。请根据你对这幅照片的理解用英语写一篇短文。你的短文应包含以下内容：1. 描述照片内容，如情景、人物、动作，等等；2. 结合自身实际，谈谈你的感想；3. 举例说明你能为家长减负做些什么。注意：1. 可参照图中文字及下面文章开头所给提示，作必要的发挥想象。2. 词数150左右。开头已经写好，不计入总词数。3. 作文中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名。The bu

31、rden of students has been a hot topic for years, but the load of parents has received little attention, especially from their own children._One possible version：The burden of students has been a hot topic for years, but the load of parents has received little attention, especially from their own chi

32、ldren.The picture shows us a touching moment when a little girl comes to greet her working mom. Realizing her mom must be very tired after a days work, the girl helps to remove the bag from her shoulder. In response, the mom kneels down to show how happy and thankful she feels.专题三 真题典例All this remin

33、ds me of my mother who has been doing whatever she could to let me have the best. But, totally engaged in my own study, I seldom pay attention to what mother needs and feels，and always think studying well is the only thing I could do in return. Now I know I can do my bit to help with the everyday wa

34、shing, bedroom cleaning, or at least prepare breakfast myself, so as to share mothers daily burden. The picture convinces me it is even more important to be a good daughter than a “good” student.新题预测 (一)假定你是李华， 准备参加学校举办的主题为“How to protect ourselves in the school？”的英语征文比赛。请按要求写一篇短文， 主要内容包括：在学校发生地震或火灾

35、时， 我们应该如何保护自己？要求：1只选其中一种突发灾害阐述自己的观点；2至少写出三点措施；3可以适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯。注意：1. 词数120左右；2. 开头已经为你写好， 不计入总词数。Life is not easy. As a student, we should learn how to protect ourselves in the school. When _范文1：Life is not easy. As a student, we should learn how to protect ourselves in the school. When an earthqua

36、ke happens, first we should calm down, which is the most important. Shouting and crying is of no use. Follow the teachers guidance and keep our actions in order. Second, hide beneath our desks with the schoolbags on our heads if we are in class. That can keep us a little safer. Be sure not to jump o

37、ff the building. Third, if we are on the playground, dont move. Sit on our feet and use hands to cover our heads so that they can be keptfrom being hit on. At last, help each other. Faced with natural disaster, individual power is tiny. Only by uniting can we overcome the difficulties. These are my

38、suggestions. Keep them in mind and maybe some day we can survive in case of an earthquake!范文2：Life is not easy. As a student, we should learn how to protect ourselves in the school. When a fire breaks out, dont forget to call 119 for help and tell the police the detailed address so that the firefigh

39、ters can get there in time. Then we should try to find a safe exit to escape. Never take a lift because the electricity may be cut off if there is a fire; otherwise we will be trapped in the lift. Next, if we can not find the way out, just stay in a room. Dont open any hot door but stay close to the

40、 floor! As we all know, smoke can be more dangerous than fire. In many cases, the air near the floor is fresher. If possible, try to cover our mouths with wet towels to prevent taking too much heavy smoke and wait for rescue. These are my suggestions. Keep them in mind and maybe some day we can surv

41、ive in case of a sudden fire! (二)假如你是王文， 住在银川。请你介绍你的家乡银川的情况， 其中须包括下表中的内容。注意：1. 词数100左右， 信的开头已为你写好， 不计入总词数。2. 参考词汇： economy n经济 Id like to tell something about my hometown Yinchuan. One possible version：Id like to tell something about my hometown Yinchuan. The city stands on the bank of the Huanghe R

42、iver. It is a beautiful place for people to live in. Its economy has been developing rapidly in the past ten years. New factories, houses and roads have been built. More schools and hospitals are available for its people. However, there are still some problems, such as water and air pollution and he

43、avy traffic in rush hours. In my opinion, Yinchuan should develop its economy scientifically. I would also think that the growth of its population should be brought under control so that well have a better hometown in future. 专题四应用文型书面表达 专题导读应用文是高考英语书面表达最常见的一种考查体裁。它接近考生的生活实际， 易于表达， 能充分考查考生的写作水平。其内容常

44、以解说事物为主， 要求把事物的性质、对象、目的、发生的时间和地点等情况表达清楚， 使读者对此事物有一个完整、准确的了解。常见的应用文有书信(包括电子邮件)、通知、日记、便条、启事、演讲稿等， 其中以书信最为常见。书信一般可分为两大类：商业书信和私人书信。从内容上看书信的种类很多， 主要包括致歉信、致谢信、笔友信、慰问信、投诉信、邀请信、介绍信、自荐信、求职信、读者请求的解答信及答复读者的信等。目前高考应用文的考查一般是提供简单的格式， 不需要考生在格式上多动脑筋， 因此考生只需把主要精力投入到行文中即可。在应用文的写作中应注意：1. 力求语言使用平实、简洁、准确， 突出实用性， 句子不宜过长，

45、 这样读者(或听众)就可以快速捕捉到文章表达的基本信息， 如：时间、地点、参加人、理由或者是活动内容等。2根据不同的文体采用不同的人称和时态， 如日记一般用过去时， 通知用一般现在时和将来时等。真题典例2011辽宁卷 假定你是李华，将于今年七月从新星外语学校毕业。你从报纸上得知B&B公司要招聘一名英文秘书，你很感兴趣。请给该公司写一封求职信，包括下列要点：1年龄；2学习情况及英语水平；3兴趣和特长；4性格特点。注意：1.词数100左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3开头语和结束语已为你写好。June 8Dear Sir/Madam，I learned from the newspaper that your company needs an English secretary._One possible version：June 8Dear Sir/Madam，I learned fro