美国支持农场主合作社的公共战略ppt课件

1、United States Public Strategies for Support for Farmer Cooperatives美国支持农场主协作社的公共战略Presentation to the Workshop on Cooperatives , China April 12-14, 2006Dr. John R. Dunn约翰敦 协作社研讨会发言稿，中国北京，2006年4月1214RURAL DEVELOPMENTCOOPERATIVES PROGRAM乡村开展协作社方案PART ONE PUBLIC POLICY AND SUPPORT FOR COOPERATVES第1部分-支

2、持协作社的公共政策Definition of a cooperative 协作社的定义Status of Cooperatives 协作社的现状Incorporation 组成Support services 支持效力Financial Services 财务效力Privately Owned Cooperative:私有协作社：Is a voluntary association of farmers是农场主自愿组成的协会Is a raising farmers income enterprise是提高农场主收入的企业Is not a government-run enterprise不是政

3、府运营的企业Modern Privately Owned Cooperative Principles 现代私有协作社的原那么1. The User-Owner Principle: Those who own and finance the cooperative are those who use the cooperative. 运用者-拥有者原那么: 谁拥有协作社并负担其经费谁就运用它。2. The User-Control Principle: Those who control the cooperative are those who use the cooperative. 运

4、用者- 控制原那么：谁运用协作社谁就控制它。3. The User-Benefits Principle: The cooperativespurpose is to provide and distribute benefits to its users on the basis of their use. 运用者- 利益原那么：协作社的目的是根据运用协作社情况向运用者提供和分配利润。Role of U.S. Government with Agricultural Cooperatives美国政府在农业协作社中的作用Cooperatives are regulated the same w

5、ay as other businesses. 对协作社管理方式与其它经济体一样。Cooperatives are allowed special tax treatment, if they chose to follow certain rules. 假设协作社运营遵照一定规定，那么允许享用特殊税收待遇。Government helps with cooperative starts through technical assistance research, and education 政府经过技术支持、研讨和培训协助启动协作社。Government helps with very li

6、mited funding programs 政府仅仅提供非常有限的资金。No official national definition of cooperatives 对协作社没有全国一致的官方定义。Incorporation/registration is at the State level 在州一级构成法人组织/注册。INCOME TAX TREATMENT所得税待遇Single tax treatment for: 对于以下资金享有单一税待遇：Patronage refunds 补助性退款Per-unit retains 单位提留True whether cooperative re

7、turns these funds as cash or retains them as capital 无论协作社以现金方式返还这些资金还是保管这些资金作为资本都是正确的Other income taxed twice 其它的所得税翻番SHERMAN ANTI-TRUST ACT 谢尔曼反托拉斯法Individual businesses that conspire to restrain or monopolize trade are guilty of a criminal felony 个别企业企图抑制或垄断买卖是严重违法。Supreme Court - Only “unreasona

8、ble agreements are forbidden but some actions, such as fixing prices, are so clearly anti-competitive that they are unreasonable per se 最高法院-仅制止“不合理的协议，但是有些行为，例如固定价钱，很显然是反竞争的，本质上说，它们是不合理的。CAPPER-VOLSTEAD ACT-1926沃尔斯坦德法-1926Agricultural producers may act together in associations农产消费者可以经过协会方式结合起来。To c

9、ollectively process, prepare for market, handle, and market agricultural products they produce对他们消费的农产品进展销售前的集中处置、预备和销售。QUALIFICATION STANDARDSFOR CAPPER VOLSTEAD PROTECTION受沃尔斯坦德法维护的资历规范 Membership limited to agricultural producers会员必需是农业消费者。Operates to benefit members as producers其运营是为了使得作为消费者的会员受

10、害。One member-one vote or 8 percent cap on stock dividends一个会员一票或者对于股票股息有8%的上限。Value of products handled for members must exceed that of nonmember products会员运营的产品的价值必需超越那些非会员产品的价值。PROTECTED CONDUCT被维护的市场行为Agreements on prices and terms of sale价钱协议和销售条件Select the extent of joint marketing (bargaining,

11、 selling, processing)选择结合营销的范围议价，出卖，加工Cooperation with other cooperatives与其它协作社的协作Achieving substantial market share得到真实的市场份额UNPROTECTED CONDUCT不受维护的市场行为Agreements with non-producers与非消费者的协议Acquisitions of non-cooperative firms获取非协作社企业的产品Predatory conduct掠夺性市场行为Undue price enhancement (Sec. 2 of Cap

12、per-Volstead)不适当的提价沃尔斯坦德法第二部分ORGANIZATION OF THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUREMike Johanns, Secretary美国农业部Mike Johanna, 部长Department (Secretary) 部 部长Mission Areas (Under Secretary) 职责范围 副部长Rural Development 农业开发Natural Resources and Environment 自然资源和环境Farm and Foreign Agricultural Services 农场和农产品外销

13、效力Research, Education, and Economics 研讨、培训和经济学Food Nutrition and Consumer Services 食品营养和消费者效力Food Safety 食品平安Marketing and Regulatory Services 营销和调理性效力Organization of the Rural Development Mission AreaThomas P. Dorr, Under Secretary 农业开发部门的职责范围Thomas P.Dorr, 副部长Rural Housing 乡村住房供应Rural Utilities 乡村

14、公用事业Rural Business and Cooperatives 乡村商业和协作社Operating Structure of USDA Rural Development美国农业部乡村开展部门的机构National Office (Washington, DC) 联邦政府办公室 华盛顿特区State Offices (47) 州办公室47Sub State offices 州办公室下属办公室Regional offices 地域办公室6000 employees 6000名雇员To promote understanding and use of the cooperative for

15、m of business as a viable organizational option for marketing and distributing agricultural products. “协作社是农产品营销和流通一种可行的组织方式，推进对这种运营方式的了解和运用Cooperatives Program Mission 协作社开展规划cooperative development协作社的开展current programs目前的方案technical assistance技术援助cooperative development协作社的开展current programs目前的方案

16、technical assistance技援research研讨cooperative development协作社的开展current programs目前的方案technical assistance技援research研讨education and information培训和信息cooperative development协作社的开展current programs目前的方案technical assistance技援research研讨education and information培训和信息statistics统计cooperative development协作社的开展cur

17、rent programs目前的方案technical assistance技援research研讨education and information培训和信息statistics统计International Assistance国际援助cooperative development协作社的开展current programs目前的方案Technical Assistance技援Research研讨Education and Information培训和信息Statistics统计International Assistance国际援助Funding Programs融资方案Cooperat

18、ive Development协作社的开展Current Programs 目前方案Assist interested groups of producers organize new cooperatives. 协助感兴趣的消费者群体组建新的协作社。National office feasibility and development staff.联邦政府办公室和开展人员 Cooperative development specialists in State RD offices. 州农业开展办公室的协作社开展专家 Rural Cooperative Development Centers

19、, funded through the RCDG program. 经过乡村协作社开展赠款方案RCDG资助的乡村协作社开展中心Cooperative Development协作社的开展Current Programs目前方案Access to new markets or services by farmer members of cooperatives协作社的农场主会员开辟新的市场和效力Increased revenue generated on behalf of members of new cooperative enterprises添加新协作社公司的会员收入Increased

20、cooperative revenue and improved financial, operating, and/or marketing position of cooperatives.添加协作社收入、改良其财务情况、加强运营和/或提高营销位置Application of cooperative principles to new problems facing farmers协作原那么顺应于农场主所面临的新问题Cooperative Development协作社的开展Current Programs目前方案Outcomes产出Technical Assistance 技术援助Coop

21、erative Development 协作社的开展Current Programs目前的规划Provide business and market analysis assistance to existing cooperatives. 为现有的协作社提供商业和市场分析援助Facilitating development of a strategic plan. 制定开展战略方案。 Analysis of merger or joint venture options.分析和并或联营方式。 Analysis of feasibility of value added investment.

22、 分析增值投资可行性 Analysis of operational and financial condition.分析运营和财务情况Design of improved governance system. 设计更好的管理体系Technical Assistance 技术援助Current Programs 目前的规划Improved revenues and financial, operating, and/or marketing position of cooperatives协作社的收入添加、财务和运营情况改善以及/或营销位置提高Increased member income r

23、esulting from cooperative operations由于协作社的运营而添加了会员的收入Develop solutions to problems facing cooperativesdeveloped协助处理协作社开展中面临的问题Application of cooperative principles to new problems facing farmers将协作原那么运用于农场主所面临的新问题Technical Assistance技术援助Current Programs目前的规划Outcomes产出Technical Assistance技术援助Research

24、研讨cooperative development 协作社的开展Current Programs 目前的规划Study the economic, legal, financial, social, and other aspects of cooperatives and publish the results thereof. 研讨协作社的经济、合法、财务、社会以及其它方面问题并公布有关结果。Research conducted by staff as individuals or in teams.由个人或团队开展研讨。 Collaborative funded research wit

25、h Universities and the private sector.与大学和私人部门结合开展的研讨。 Professional collaborations: Research partnerships not supported by financial resources.专业协作：没有财务资源支持的协作研讨 Professional association activities专业协会活动Research研讨Current Programs目前的方案Improved revenues and financial, operating, and/or marketing posit

26、ion of cooperatives协作社的收入添加、财务和运营情况改善以及/或营销位置提高New solutions to problems facing cooperatives developed协作社开展面临问题的新的处理方法Increased cooperative research capacity in university and private sector提高大学和私人部门的协作社研讨才干Application of cooperative principles to new problems facing farmers将协作原那么运用于农场主所面临的新问题Resear

27、ch研讨Current Programs目前的规划Outcomes产出Technical Assistance技术援助Research研讨Education and Information培训和信息cooperative development 协作社的开展current programs目前的规划Promote an understanding of cooperative principles and practices through written, electronic, and personal communication. 经过书面、电子和人际沟通渠道提高人们对于协作社原那么和实

28、际的了解。Produce educational information, materials, and research that supports cooperatives.制造支持协作社的培训信息、资料和研讨。 Collaboration with other educators and educational institutions.与其它培训人员和培训机构的协作。 Staff from both National and State offices facilitate cooperative education programs.来自联邦政府和州政府办公室的人员推进协作社培训方案

29、。Education and Information培训和信息current programs目前的规划Increased capability of cooperative directors, employees, and members to make business decisions that strengthen the cooperative 提高协作社主管、雇员和会员的才干从而做出添加协作社实力的运营决策。Application of cooperative organizational principles to a wider variety of rural appli

30、cations协作社的组织原那么适用于更广泛多样化的乡村事务中。Improved financial, operating, and/or marketing position of cooperatives提高协作社财务、运营才干以及/或营销位置。Increased member income resulting from cooperative operations由于协作社的运营而添加了会员的收入。Education and Information培训和信息current programs目前的方案Outcomes产出technical assistance技术援助research研讨e

31、ducation and information培训和信息statistics统计cooperative development协作社的开展current programs目前的规划 Acquire, analyze, and disseminate data and information on cooperatives. 获取、分析并宣传有关协作社的资料和信息。Annual farmer cooperative survey conducted, with an annual report produced.开展农场主协作社年度调查并编写年度报告。 Letter reports with

32、comparison analysis included with survey instrument.对比分析的文字报告，包括调查方法和工具。Provide information for researchers, policy makers, and the public.向研讨人员、政策制定者和公众提供信息。statistics统计current programs目前的方案Appropriately defined role for cooperatives in public policy deliberations在公共政策协商中适当定义协作社的作用。 Better public u

33、nderstanding of the role of cooperatives in the food sector公众较好了解协作社在食品行业中的作用。Increased support for cooperative-based solutions to rural economic problems加强对支持协作社支持处理乡村经济问题。 Improved understanding among cooperative leaders and members on performance and condition of their own cooperative 提高协作社指点和会员对

34、其协作社运营和情况的了解。statistics统计current programs目前的规划outcomes产出technical assistance技术援助Research研讨Education and Information培训和信息Statistics统计International Assistance国际援助Cooperative Development协作社的开展current programs目前的规划Provide technical and education assistance to producers in selected overseas countries. 为选

35、取的其它国家提供技术和培训援助。In-country assistance projects.国内的援助工程。 Training and advising of international visitors.为国际观赏者提供培训和建议。 Participation in bilateral and multi-lateral government to government projects.参与双边和多边的政府间工程。International Assistance国际技术援助current programs目前的规划Strengthen commercial agricultural co

36、operative system in targeted developing countries加强目的开展中国家运营性农业协作社系统。Broader understanding of democratic cooperative principles更广泛的了解民主协作社的原那么。Increased capacity of partner nations to provided sustained cooperative assistance提高协作国家的才干，提供继续的协作社援助。Increased trade with U.S.添加与美国的贸易。Enhance U.S. homelan

37、d security.提高美国外乡的平安。International Assistance国际援助current programs目前的方案outcomes产出technical assistance技术援助research研讨education and information培训和信息statistics统计International Assistance国际援助cooperative development协作社的开展current programs目前的规划Funding programs融资方案Value-Added producer grants 为消费者增值提供的赠款VAPGRur

38、al cooperative development grants 乡村协作社的开展赠款 Grants to assist small minority producers 援助小规模的少数消费者提供的赠款Cooperative stock purchase loan guarantees 协作社股票购买贷款担保Business loan guarantees 商业贷款担保Rural electric and telephone coop financing 乡村电气和协作社融资Funding programs融资方案current programs目前的规划Value-Added produ

39、cer grants 消费者增值赠款National Grant competition 联邦政府赠款竞争Provides grants of up to $25,000 for conduct feasibility analysis提供最高25,000美圆的赠款用于可行性分析。Provides grants up to $250,000 to fund working capital提供最高250,000美圆的赠款资助营运资金Funding programs资金方案current programs目前的方案Rural cooperative development grants 乡村协作社

40、开展赠款Funds regional centers to assist cooperatives 区域资金中心援助协作社$250,000 per center per year 每个中心每年250,000美圆Centers focus on development assistance and education 中心着重于开展援助和培训Funding programs资金方案current programs目前的方案Cooperative stock purchase loan guarantees 购买协作社股份贷款担保Farmers borrow from commercial ban

41、ks, use funds to invest in cooperative 农场主从商业银行借款，利用借款资金投资协作社Government provides up to 80 percent guarantee for the loan from the bank 政府为农场主从银行贷款提供担保，最高担保额为贷款的80%Funds are debt of farm balance sheet, equity on cooperative balance sheet.该资金在农场资产负债表中反映为负债，在协作社的资产负债表中反映为资产净值Leverages public financial

42、exposure by a 20-1 factor 公共财务杠杆系数20-1Funding programs资金方案current programs目前的方案Increase revenue for farmers 添加农场主的收入Increased profitability of farms 添加农场的盈利才干Increase business revenues in rural areas添加乡村的运营收入Increased diversity of product revenue streams generated from agricultural products 添加来自于农产品

43、的产品收入的多样性Increases number of new value-added business starts 添加新的经济添加值起点的数量Grant Administration赠款管理局current programs目前的规划outcomes产出 (VAPG)PART TWO - Condition and trends of U.S. Agricultural Cooperatives第二部分-美国农业协作社的情况和趋势Trends 趋势Basic Data 根本资料Internal and external forces 内外和部力量Trends in U.S. Farme

44、r Cooperatives美国农场主协作社的趋势Biggest cooperative growth is in bio-energy, value added, and specialty foods markets.最大的协作社生长于生物能源、高附加值和专业食品市场。Most new cooperatives are legally organized as limited liability partnerships 最新的协作社是合法组建的有限责任合伙企业Obtaining sufficient capital to operate at fully efficient scale is reshaping ownership in cooperatives. 获取有效资金高效规模化运营是协作社一切权的再分配。Basic Data on U.S Farmer Cooperatives美国农场主协作社的根本数据Number of co-ops协作社的数量2893Nu