简易稿2014326简答题答题突破长沙2014高考研讨会(陈春华）

1、2014 英语二轮复习 阅读填空与简答长郡中学 陈春华2014年3月27日于长沙市雅礼中学Know yourself, know your enemy, and you will win every war. 孙 子Do you know? 考试内容： 考试目标：语言知识语境信息1.语言知识运用2. 语言理解3. 语言表达一、专题探究背景：二、近四年阅读填空、阅读简答考核目标情况对比分析及其对教学的启示三、指导考生备考阅读填空和简答题必须解决几个问题据此，从教师的层面上说备考，我们自己必须要弄清楚以下几个问题：问题1：高考阅读填空和简答题的考试内容是什么？ 问题2：高考阅读填空和简答题的考试目

2、标是什么？问题3：阅读填空与阅读简答题型有哪些异同？一、专题探究背景： 阅读填空 简答题问题3：阅读填空与阅读简答题型有哪些异同？一、专题探究背景： 要求考生理解所给短文的主旨大意和关键细节，把握文章的篇章结构和逻辑关系，完成对所给短文进行的转述或摘要。主要考查考生获取信息和处理信息以及用英语进行思维和表达的能力。要求考生阅读文章后，根据各小题的具体要求，简要回答问题。主要考查考生对所读短文的主要信息进行转述的能力。语篇的结构文章内容的细节近四年阅读填空对比分析： 内容、考核目标、考生水平评价分析结果对教学的启示 考生总体水平差、上升空间大3 制约学生得分的诱因分析 1） 读不懂文章 2 ）

3、没有真正读懂文章 3 ） 审题失误 4 ） 识别隐形细节能力受限二、近四年阅读填空、阅读简答考试目标情况对比分析及其对教学的启示年份篇章主旨题段落主旨题信息转换题直接信息题201312702012114420111450201011532 近四年阅读简答考试考核目标情况对比分析题型直接记录间接记录简单转换复杂转换概括表达2012年短文填空2013湖南省高考英语语言能力题的考试内容及分布20122013阅读填空考核目标情况对比分析20122013简答题考核目标情况对比分析题型直接记录间接记录简单转换复杂转换概括表达2012年 简答题 2013年12122分析结果对教学的

4、启示：？制约学生得分的诱因分析1） 读不懂文章2 ） 没有真正读懂文章3 ） 审题失误4 ） 识别隐形细节能力受限信息定位偏差5 ）语言表达能力不强 语言知识的沉淀不够：同义/近义词、同义、 近义词块 语法知识的内化不灵：词类之间、句型之间、 从句转非谓语、同义句式的转换等6） 问题与答案承接不和不知道如何答题7） 概述提炼信息的能力差不知道如何提炼概述8） 阅读语篇中句子与句子间的逻辑关系不清1 掌握英语说明文的结构特征是提分的保证。阅读填空题提分途径年份20092010201120122013体裁说明文说明文说明文说明文说明文题材环保时尚学徒时期对青少年有用的三类网站河流治理网络公开课词数

5、343266282270271Reading strategy:reading expository writing（说明文）introduction of subjectsupporting details(examples,facts)conclusiona subjectintroduction of subjectsupporting details(examples,facts)conclusiona subjectM4U1Title：Para. 1 Para. 2-5说明文结构图2012卷River ControlReasonsto supply adequate water fo

6、r: daily life power navigatiionto stop rivers from flooding Para. 4-5dam constructionExplanationExample:In Europe, 19th centuryThe Tisza RiverAchievements:past 50 yers21st century800,000 dams200 meters highWarning:harmful to environmentInfluence inPara. 2-3channelizationWays2 概括表达并不可怕！阅读填空题提分途径1 帮助学

7、生归纳并熟记常用的表概括意义单词；2 鼓励学生根据提示的细节推断归纳和概括题的答案。阅读填空题提分途径2 鼓励学生根据提示的细节推断归纳和概括题的答案。 例1：（2009） Key： 78 Problems 78 with fashionTextile productionCotton-planting: use of pesticides79 : global warmingSynthetics-making: harmful waste80 Consuming a great deal of energyUsing harmful chemicalsProducing a lot of w

8、asteConsumption levels & shopping habitsNew clothes: bought 81Old clothes: thrown away quicklyTitle:_71waysto _73_ adequate water for:daily life, _74_ and industrypower generationnavigation_722012to stop rivers from _75_71. River Control 72 Reasons 3 教会学生转换信息的方法 实用常见的方法：短语-单词化（同义词、反义词）句子-短语化、单词转化：单词

9、缩略 单词合成 词类转化所有格形式“S”代替介词of删除多余信息等 短语-单词化运用所积累的词汇来同义或反义替代相关信息 。1. We are not in favor of smoking in public places. Were _ smoking in public. against2. It is time to put an end to racial discrimination. It is time to _ racial discrimination.end3. At no time should we make fun of others. _ should we la

10、ugh at others.Never句子-短语化1. The girl who had been caught stealing was set free at last. The girl _ was set free at last.caught stealing2. While he was reading the book, he heard a loud noise. _, he heard a loud noise.Reading the bookWord-transformation单词转化Shortening单词缩略 Blending单词合成Conversion词类转化单词缩

11、略1. the Peoples Republic ofChina2. British BroadcastingCorporation3. International Olympics Committee4. the United States of AmericaBBCPRCIOCUSAPractice 单词合成1. high technology 2. motor hotel3. sky laboratory4. medical aid5. medical carehigh-techmotelskylabmedicaid医疗救助 medicare医疗保险 词类转化词类转换：动词-名词名词-动

12、词或形容词名词或形容词-为动词形容词-副词1. Is it possible for the police to find the missing boy?Is there any _ that the police will find the missing boy?possibility词类转化2. As far as I can remember, my friends and I didnt find out we were depressed until we were in high school.We never experienced _when we were in chil

13、dhood.depressionD 用名词所有格形式“S”代替介词ofthe old-growing of the baby boomers“ Baby boomers old growingthe power of government the governments powera friend of her mother her mothers friendE 删除次要信息， 提炼句子的主体内容。Theme Host families are improving the accommodation quality77. _1）Language study78. _2）Cultural co

14、mmunication79. _ Knowing the local way of life, people and culture78题的信息句“Staying alongside host families enables students to get enough practice for the short time of their studying so that their language acquisition is likely to become faster,”Possibly becoming faster Communicating with hosts Livi

15、ng in host families also has the advantage for students of being able to spend a lot of time communicating with their host parents阅读简答题提分途径除了上面提到的方法，教师在指导学生备考简答题是还应注意：1 精准定位与原文中匹配的答案信息1）原词定位。2）近义词定位。显性语境隐形语境就近年来的真题来看，90%的题目考试的内容是显性语境。201281. Why did the author apply everywhere that summer？(No more t

16、han 12 words) 81. He wanted to save up money and buy his own car.题干关键词apply everywhere信息源定位在文章第二段第三行“I wanted to save up money and buy my own car, so I applied everywhere I could that summer. ”。 I realized right away that working at the restaurant was not going to be a picnic. The manager expected a

17、 clean environment and particularly, fast service with a friendly smile._82. What did the manager particularly expect the workers to do？(No more than 14 words) (2 marks) 由关键词定位The manager expected a clean environment and particularly, fast service with a friendly smile.I realized right away that wor

18、king at the restaurant was not going to be a picnic. The manager expected a clean environment and particularly, fast service with a friendly smile.82. What did the manager particularly expect the workers to do？(No more than 14 words) (2 marks)The manager particularly expect the workers to offer fast

19、 service with a friendly smile.1 精准定位与原文中匹配的答案信息1）原词定位。2）近义词定位。显性语境隐形语境就近年来的真题来看，90%的题目考试的内容是显性语境。答案解析时，通过PPT使思维的过程变得直观，让学生明白答案的来龙去脉。以2013年的简答题为例： 第一段最后But off to the side, sitting on a bench was a woman doing something vastly differentgiving free advice；通过第二段的A week or two later, I set up an interv

20、iew with her and we discussed her project at length.和第三段开头Lisa Podell, 32, started the Free Advice Project this past May81. In what way was Podell different from other people in the park? 81. She was giving free advice.定位信息词“Podell、 different”1 精准定位与原文中匹配的答案信息1）原词定位。2）近义词定位。显性语境隐形语境 3 通过专题的形式加强对学生 跨

21、段跨句 的整合信息的能力培养。 答案解析时，通过PPT使思维的过程变得直观，让学生明白答案的来龙去脉。From my first job at the restaurant, I learned teamwork and devotion. I also learned staying positive no matter how rough things seem to get. I will forever carry the experience that I gained at the restaurant with me as I go forward in my life._84.

22、 What did the author learn from his first job？(No more than 11 words) (3 marks)_由 learn from 定位到信息 I learned teamwork and devotion. I also learned staying positive no matter how rough things seem to get.84. What did the author learn from his first job？(No more than 11 words) (3 marks)_From my first

23、job at the restaurant, I learned teamwork and devotion. I also learned staying positive no matter how rough things seem to get. I will forever carry the experience that I gained at the restaurant with me as I go forward in my life.He learned teamwork, devotion, and staying positive in rough situatio

24、ns思考：因词数的限定我们如何转换信息？主句还是从句？in rough situations 20114 关注 what, why, how, when的提问方式，进行专门的答题训练81 What reaction does Linda imagine the children will have? （2010）They will feel greatly surprised.84 What kind of people does secret Santas in the passage refer to? （2010）It refers to people who give away anonymous gifts on Christmas82 What did the author fail to do miserably a few months ago? （2011）She failed to jog to the end of the street.83 What excuses did