高考中译英试题解读分析(一)

1、高考中译英试题解读分析（一）知识点拨问题一：中译英初学者应注意什么？把单词连成词组俗话说：词不离句。英语单词学习不是仅仅学习单词，应学会如何使用该单词，特别是一些常用词、核心词。在学习过程中，除了了解单词的基本信息，即音、形、意外，还应该把它放在一定的语境中。一种可行的做法是用该单词组词组甚至造句。如：1) agree to ones opinion同意某人的意见agree with sb. / what sb. says赞同某人所说agree on the date / price（通过协商）把日期价格定下来agree that . 赞同（某事实）2) ask a favor of sb.请

2、某人帮忙do sb. a favor 帮某人忙in favor of sb. / sth. 赞同、支持某人 / 某事反过来，应该养成在情景（上下文）中学习单词。注意英语的习惯表达由于文化背景的差异和使用习惯的不同，中、英文在很多表达上存在差异，有时甚至相悖。比如说，英语中的词就相当于汉语中的字，汉语中的词则相当于英语中的短语。再比如，英语里没有量词，汉语的“一个人”在英语里就是a person；而英语中的定冠词汉语则没有。语法中不同的地方更多，如英语中的“插入”、“倒装”、“同位语”、“表语”等概念在汉语中没有对应。尽管如此，中、英文在很多地方还是相通的。就中译英来说，有些句子几乎可以直接译成

3、英语，不必作句式、句型的调整。如：1) 由于粗心大意，汤姆错过了这个机会。(miss)(1998)Because of his carelessness, Tom has missed the chance.2) 这首迷人的民歌深受学生的喜爱，尤其是女学生。(popular) (1999)This charming folk song is very popular with students, especially girl students.3) 请尽早做出决定，不然你会坐失良机。(or) (2003)Please make up your mind as soon as possible

4、, or youll miss the good chance.中译英时，要特别注意英语表达的语序。在下列例句中，黑体词在汉语和英语中位置（语序）不同：1) 我希望尽快收到你的照片。(hope) (2005)I hope to receive your photos as soon as possible.注：英语中副词（短语）修饰动词时通常置于动词之后。2) 两个月没收到他的信，他一定出事了。(happen)Something must have happened to him, for we havent heard from him for two months.注：happen为典型的

5、不及物动词，其固定搭配是sth. happen to sb.3) 经过十年的努力，他终于实现了自己的梦想。(true)After ten years efforts, his dream finally came true.注：. dream came true是主系表结构。试比较：He finally realized / achieved his dream.4) 我认为如果不是很急，你不必乘坐出租车前行。(unless)I dont think you need take a taxi there unless you are in a hurry.注：译文中否定词位置发生了转移。要注意

6、特定词的固定搭配。1) 如果方便的话，请帮我从邮局取回包裹。（convenient) (2002)If (it is) convenient, please fetch me the parcel from the post office. （不能译成If you are .）2) 他好像什么都知道了。(seem)He seems to have been told everything.（不能译成He seems that he .)3) 非常感谢你的帮助。(appreciate)I very much appreciate your help. （不能译成I appreciate you

7、for your help.)英语中逗号不能连接句子，根据分句与分句之间的逻辑关系使用相应的连接词。但分号(；)有时相当于and，可用于连接两句话。如：1) 今天下午我没空，我和牙医有约。(appointment) (2005)I am not available this afternoon because I have an appointment with my dentist.2) 这款手机式样新颖、携带方便，深受年轻人的欢迎。(popular) (2005)The mobile phone is modern in style and convenient to carry, so

8、it is very popular with youngsters.3) 众所周知，成功来自勤奋，不努力则一事无成。 (without) (2000)As we all know, success comes from hard work; without efforts nothing can be done.问题二：中译英的基本解题步骤是什么？中译英的基本步骤：1、阅读汉语，分析信息。要仔细研读中文，明确意思，找出难点，并化解难点。例：许多外国游客都想去长城一游，他们知道“不到长城非好汉”。(visit) (2002春季)分析汉语：难度集中在第二分句中的谚语“不到长城非好汉”。此谚语属于

9、地道的汉语，不可直译成英语。要保持原意并译成英语，得研究谚语的意思，得把它“译”成“能译成英语的汉语”。经分析，谚语即“没有到过长城的人就不是真正的人”。2、判断译文的句型、结构。仍以上面的谚语翻译为例。理解意思后，不难看出译文需要用定语从句来翻译。可使用多种结构，如those who ., anyone who ., he who .等。3、研究所给提示词。所给词visit是兼类词，既可作动词，又可作名词。此句中都可使用：visit the Great Wallpay a visit to the Great Wall4、翻译。参考译文如下：Many foreign tourists wan

10、t to visit the Great Wall. They know that He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.5、检查。注意有没有成分遗漏现象，动词形式是否准确，主谓语是否一致，单词拼写是否有误，标点符号、大小写是否合理，等。问题三：中译英中如何处理汉语的逗号？中译英所给汉语简洁、地道，信息量大。所给中文有些是“一气呵成”，只有句末用句号，而很多句子被逗号断开。一般而言，如果汉语中有逗号，则译文多半是复合句。需要注意的是，汉语中的逗号在译文中往往略去。中译英时用复合句来处理汉语逗号有以下几种方法：从汉语的关联词入手

11、如：1) 只要专心学习，你一定能顺利通过考试。(concentrate) (2000春季)“只要”可以直接译成as/so long as，前半句译成条件状语从句。译文如下：So long as / If you concentrate on your studies,youll succeed in passing the examinations.2) 这个地区的经济发展很快，可是某些市民的素质还不尽如人意。(quality) (2001高考)“可是”可以翻译成but引导的并列句，也可以用although翻译前半句。译文：Although the economy in this area i

12、s developing rapidly, the qualities of some citizens are still not satisfactory.3) 第一次写英语作文时，犯了许多拼写错误。(make）（2002春季）“第一次时”对应的英语表达是the first time引导的时间状语从句。译文：The first time I wrote an English composition, I made a lot of spelling mistakes.4) 上周因为生病我缺了一些课，但是我会努力赶上大家的。(miss) (2005高考)“但是”可以译为but，后半句可以译成

13、一个并列句。译文：Because of my illness last week, I missed some lessons, but I will try to catch up with others.从括号内提示词入手1) 这部有关第一次世界大战的历史小说引人入胜，我简直爱不释手。(so . that)（2003高考)可以根据so . that把中文“翻译”为：这部有关第一次世界大战的历史小说如此引人入胜，以至于我爱不释手。译文如下：The historical novel about / describing World War I / the First World War is

14、so attractive that I cant bear / stand parting with it / putting it down (back, aside) / leaving it aside.2) 这个游戏的规则太复杂，三言两语解释不清。(too . to) (2004高考)too . to表示“太而不能”。译文：The rules of the game are too complicated to explain in a few words.3) 你最好乘出租车去电影节的开幕式，不然就要迟到了。(or) (2005高考)提示词or为并列连词，表示“不然”。译文：You

15、d better take a taxi to the opening ceremony of the film festival, or you will be late.4) 他进公司后不久就独立完成了一项艰巨的任务，同事们都对他刮目相看。(so) (2005高考)同例2），提示词so也是并列连词，表示“因此”。不难看出，中文逗号前后为因果关系。译文：He finished a difficult task on his own soon after he entered the company, so his colleagues looked at him with new eyes.

16、注意：根据汉语逗号前后的逻辑关系和提示词so，中文部分还可以理解为“他进公司后不久就独立完成了一项如此艰巨的任务，以至于同事们都对他刮目相看”。因此可以用so . that句型来翻译。译文如下：Soon after he entered the company he finished so difficult a task on his own that his colleagues looked at him with new eyes.根据汉语句与句之间的逻辑关系入手有些句子汉语中没有连词，也没有相应的英语提示，但可以从逗号前后分句中看出它们的逻辑关系。如：1) 许多外国游客都想去长城一游

17、，他们知道“不到长城非好汉”。(visit) (2002春季)不难看出，逗号前后在逻辑上有因果关系。译文：Many foreign tourists want to visit the Great Wall, for they know that He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.当然，也可以把逗号前后看作独立的两个句子：Many foreign tourists want to visit the Great Wall. They know that He who doesnt reach the Great Wall

18、is not a true man.2) 今天下午我没空，我和牙医有约。(appointment) (2005高考)应该可以看出“今天下午我没空”是因为“我和牙医有约”。因此，前半句是后半句的原因。译文：Im not free this afternoon, because I have an appointment with my dentist.用and或短语来翻译逗号后面的汉语例：1) 这条铁路横贯平原，把那个偏远山城与海港连接了起来。(remote) (2002高考)可以用and来连接汉语中的动词。译文：The railway crosses the plain and connect

19、s the remote mountain city with the sea port.为了使译文更简洁，可使用分词短语来作伴随状语：The railway crosses the plain, connecting the remote mountain city with the sea port.2) 虽然她孤身一人，无亲无故，但邻居们都向她伸出了援助之手。(offer) (2004春季)第二个逗号容易处理。第一个逗号可以用and来翻译，也可以用短语来翻译。译文：Although she lives alone and has no relatives or friends, all

20、her neighbors offer her a helping hand. / Although she lives alone with no relatives or friends, .用and或分号来翻译逗号有时候既没有提示词，又很难看出逗号前后的逻辑关系，因此，很难判断该用什么复合句来翻译。这时候，可以理解为逗号前后是并列关系，可以用and来连接，也可以直接用分号来翻译。如：1) 众所周知，成功来自勤奋，不努力则一事无成。(without) (2000高考)从汉语很难判断“成功来自勤奋”和“不努力则一事无成”的关系。因此，可以用and来连接，或用分号来处理。译文如下：As we

21、all know, success comes from / results from hard work; without efforts nothing can be done.2) 学生们逐渐认识到友谊胜过金钱，患难朋友才是真朋友。(realize) (2001春季)同上，“友谊胜过金钱”和“患难朋友才是真正朋友”应为并列关系，由and连接。The students have come to realize that friendship is more important than money and that a friend in need is a friend indeed.注

22、意：分号相当于and，且分号后的英语句子的首字母不大写。问题四：中译英重点考察哪些语法点？中译英考核重点不是语法。中译英考察学生语言综合应用能力，学生要写句表达，其中必然涉及到语法。一般来说，各种语法项目都会出现在译文中，其中，以动词形式、主谓一致和复合句为重点。1、动词形式译文中一定要有动词。一般来说，译文中总有谓语动词，有些句中还有非谓语动词。谓语动词的时态要综合考虑。纵观历年高考中译英，译文中动词时态以一般时态为最多，因为所给汉语往往是对现象、状态的描述，对过去发生事件的追述，或对将来的判断和描述。如：1) 我第一次写英语作文时，犯了许多拼写错误。(make) (2002春季)The f

23、irst time I wrote an English composition, I made a lot of spelling mistakes.2) 小组讨论有助于更好地理解课文。(help) (2004高考)Group discussion helps understand the text better.3) 我希望尽快收到你的照片。(hope) (2005高考)I hope I can receive your photos as soon as possible.4) 物理课上，他没听懂王教授所讲的内容。(fail) (2006春季)In the physics class,

24、he failed to understand what Professor Wang was talking about.如果译文是复合句，要注意主、从句动词时态的呼应，如例1）和例4）。有些句子用一般现在时,和一般过去时都可以翻译。如：5) 不管天有多晚，他从不把今天的事拖到明天。(put off)However late it is, he never puts off what must be done today till tomorrow.or.or: However late it was, he never put off what he could do the day ti

25、ll the next day.此外，要注意译文中非谓语动词的垃用。如：1) 充分利用时间并不意味着从早到晚不停地看书。(keep) (1999高考)Making full use of time doesnt mean keeping (on) reading books from morning till night.2) 同其他学生相比，那个女孩有更强的英语听说能力。(compare) (2000高考)Compared with other students, the girl has better listening and speaking abilities in English.

26、此外，谚语中的动词总是用一般现在时。如：他在实验中多次失败，但他相信失败是成功之母。(fail) (1999高考)He (has) failed in his experiments many times, but he believes / believed that failure is the mother of success.2、主谓一致主谓是学生写句时最容易出错的地方之一。例：1) 早睡早起有益于健康。(do good to) (2001春季)Going to bed early and getting up early does good to your health.2) 到目

27、前为止，我们学过的英语单词总计大约有三干五百个。(add up to) (2001春季)The English words we have learned so far add up to about 3,500.3) 勤洗手是避免疾病传染的有效方法之一。(infect) (2003)Washing hands often is one of the effective ways to avoid being infected by disease.4) 多吃蔬菜水果有益健康。(good) (2005)Eating more vegetables and fruits is good for

28、ones health.3、复合句中译英的译文大多以复合句形式出现。译文中经常出现的复合句中含有状语从句、定语从句和名词性从句。有些翻译从所给中文或括号里的提示词可以直接看出译文复合句的类型，有些则不是很明显，要求在理解中文的基础上选用适当的连词来组句。有些翻译即使给的提示词为词，但组句也不太容易。如：1) 我们将作进一步的讨论，然后再作出最终结论。 (before) (2001)before用法很多，仅引导时间状语从句就可表示多种意思。其中之一是“先再”。本句参考译文：We will have a further discussion before we draw a final concl

29、usion.2) 他们应从这件事中吸取教训：玩火者必自焚。(burn) (2001)“玩火者”即“玩火的人”，因此可以用定语从句或主语从句来翻译。They should draw a lesson from the incident: he / one / anyone who plays with fire will surely burn himself.“玩火者”还可以译成those who play with fire或those playing with fire或whoever plays with fire4、特殊句型有些翻译需要使用特殊句型，如强调、倒装，等。如：1) 我们的祖

30、国从来没有像今天这样强大。(Never .) (2001)Never before has our country been so powerful as it is today.2) 他是为了逃避高考才出国留学的。(It be)It was to escape from the college entrance exams that he went abroad for further study.问题五：中译英命题常涉及哪些题材？中译英命题的选材来源于学生的生活、学习，往往是学生比较熟悉的事物、现象，特别是学校生活、课堂用语，等。有些汉语和学生的生活经验有关，富有哲理性。有些题材和人们关心

31、的话题和当年新闻大事有关。1、学生学习生活类1) 我们非常感激老师为我们提供许多好书。(grateful) (98)2) 我第一次写英语作文时，犯了许多拼写错误。(make)（02春）3) 我觉得很难解出这道数学题。(work out) (03春)4) 你可以在英特网上找到这种信息。(available) (03春)5) 阅读时，你不必碰到生词就查词典。(There) (03春)6) 物理课上，他没听懂王教授所讲的内容。(fail) (06春)2、生活常识类1) 众所周知，吸烟会导致多种疾病。(cause)(98)2) 多吃蔬菜和水果有益健康。(good) (04)3、热门话题、事件类1) 据

32、报道，1998年中国很多地区发生了严重的水灾。(occur) (99)2) 乘车时你有主动给老人让座的习惯吗？（offer) (01春)3) 我们的祖国从来没有像今天这样强大。(Never .) (01)4) 这个地区的经济发展很快，可是某些市民的素质还不尽如人意。(quality) (01)5) 听到2008年北京举办奥运会的消息时，人们欣喜若狂。（news that)（03春）6) 勤洗手是避免疾病传染的有效方法之一。(infect) (03)7) 是否在黄浦江上再建一座大桥，委员们意见不一。（agree) 06春）4、哲理类1) 你一旦养成了坏习惯，改掉它是很难的。 (once) (00

33、)2) 众所周知，成功来自勤奋，不努力则一事无成。 (without) (00)3) 早睡早起有益于健康。(do good to) （01春）4) 学生们逐渐认识到友谊胜过金钱，患难朋友才是真朋友。(realize) （01春）学生在日常生活、学习中要善于积累，勤于思索，特别是能自设情景，多用英语去思考周围的事物和现象。问题六：翻译中动词的语态如何把握？1、有时所给汉语没有明确的“被”，但翻译成英语时宜用被动语态。1) 同窗友谊不易淡忘。Friendship between classmates is not easily forgotten.2) 如果你不总结教训，你还要挨打的。If you

34、 cant draw a lesson, you will get beaten again.3) 该方案是否可实施人们正拭目以待。Whether the project is feasible remains to be seen.4) 他吃了老师的批评，心情不太好。Criticized by his teacher, he was not in a good mood.试比较：5) 他得到了老师的表扬，心情很好。Praised by his teacher, he was in a cheerful mood.2、有些动词翻译成英语时主动和被动都可以。1) 在大城市迷路没关系，警察会给你指

35、路的。It doesnt matter if you lose your way / get lost in a big city, for a policeman will show you the way.2) 小偷活该受到严惩。Thieves deserve severe punishment.or: Thieves deserve to be severely punished.3、要注意easy和difficult的用法。试比较：1) 他这人很容易 / 难相处。He is very easy / difficult to get along with.2) 你这样穿着很容易感冒。Yo

36、u will easily catch a cold if you are dressed like this.问题七：有些汉语没有主语或者主语模糊，该怎么翻译？1、有些汉语句子的主语是“人们”、“有（些）人”、“大家”等概念较为模糊的词，翻译成英语时最好用被动语态，避开主语，不影响意思。如：1) 人们相信，好书如益友。(equal)Its believed that a good book is equal to a good friend.2) 有人以为睡前锻炼影响睡眠。(effect)Its thought that doing exercises before bed has an e

37、ffect on sleep.2、有些所给汉语尽管没有明确的主语，但能从汉语的特点进行判断。如：1) 不努力则一事无成。You / We / One can achieve nothing if you / we / he doesnt work hard.当然，也可以省略主语来翻译：Nothing can be achieved without efforts.2) 不到长城非好汉。One who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.3、有些所给汉语不强调动作的施动者，译成英语时可以翻译成被动。1) 应该鼓励学生将课堂所学应用到实践

38、中去。(apply)Students should be encouraged to apply what is learned to practice.2) 事故发生后不久就采取了紧急措施。(measure)Urgent measures were taken soon after the accident happened.4、有些汉语句子的主语是“人”，但译成英语时要作相应的调整。如：1) 如果方便的话，请帮我从邮局取回包裹。If it is convenient to you, please fetch the parcel for me from the post office.“方

39、便”convenient的逻辑主语不宜为“人”。类似的形容词还有：possible, necessary, important等。如：2) 如果不抓紧，你不可能在晚饭前完成任务。(impossible)If you dont hurry, it is impossible for you to complete the task before dinner.3) 我们有必要让家长知道日程的改变。(inform)It is necessary for us to inform the students parents of the change in the schedule.5、有些没有明确主

40、语的汉语译成英语时可以使用固定搭配，如：1) 据报道，那个省又遭台风袭击。(report)Its reported that a typhoon struck that province again.or: According to the report, that province was struck by a typhoon again.2) 据说那位歌星曾当过超市收银员。Its said that the singer once worked as a cashier at a supermarket.or: The singer is said to have once worked

41、 as a supermarket cashier.问题八：能否举些一词（句）多译的例子？汉字和词语意义丰富，往往一个字或词有很多对应的英语表达。在翻译中应该充分考虑汉语表达的习惯，尽量寻找英语中可以对应的表达。比如，“让”在以下句中的意思各不相同，其对应的英语表达也不一致。1) 想让你帮我一个忙。Id like you to do me a favor.2) 你让我想一想再答复你好吗？Would you allow me to think a while before I reply?3) 父母终于让我在新学期在学校住宿了。My parents have at last agreed to

42、my living at school for the new semester.4) 他让人给他买了辆二手车。He had a used car bought for him.5) 未经许可他不让人进他的书房。He didnt have anyone enter his study without permission.6) 他让出一间房间让儿子学习绘画。He spared a room for his son to learn painting.7) 他们俩互不相让，最终大打出手。Neither of them would give in to the other and finally

43、they got into a severe fight.8) 让孩子一个人呆在家不安全。It is not safe to leave a child at home alone.9) 旧家具得给新买的钢琴让路了。The old furniture should make room for the newly bought piano.10) 他让我们在雨中等了两个小时。He had / kept us waiting for two hours in the rain.11) 他整天不思进取，让父母头疼不已。He never thinks of making progress, which

44、 worries his parents a lot.有时可用不同的词组或句式来翻译所给汉语。如：1) 他们结婚十年了，可还没考虑要孩子。They have been married for ten years, but they havent considered having a baby.or: It is ten years since they got married, but they havent considered having a baby.2) 她还没到达山顶就感到精疲力竭了。Hardly had she reached the top of the mountain d

45、id she begin to feel exhausted.or: No sooner had she reached the top of the mountain than she began to feel exhausted.or: She was about to reach the top of the mountain when she began to feel exhausted.3) 有人宁愿在餐馆里吃饭而不愿自己做饭吃。Some people would rather eat in a restaurant than cook by themselves.or: Som

46、e people prefer to eat at a restaurant rather than cook by themselves.or: Some people prefer eating at a restaurant to cooking by themselves.4) 出示你的学生证，就会让你进入图书馆。Show your student card and you will be admitted into the library.or: If you show your student card, you will be allowed to enter the libra

47、ry.5) 不努力你赶不上他们。You cant catch up with them if you dont work hard.or: You cant catch up with them unless you work hard.or: You cant catch up with them without making efforts.问题九：什么是直译和意译？所谓直译，就是翻译时既忠实于原文的意义，又忠实于原文的结构。高考翻译中大部分句子可以通过直译来翻译。如：1) 勤洗手是避免疾病传染的有效方法之一。(infect)Washing hands regularly is one o

48、f the effective ways to avoid being infected by disease.2) 上周因为生病我缺了一些课，但是我会努力赶上大家的。Because of my illness last week, I missed some lessons, but I will try to catch up with others.直译不是“死译”或“乱译”。有时如果直接将汉语“硬”译成英语，译文会显得没有意义，恐怕中国人和外国人都会感到困惑。这时不妨试着找寻英语中较接近的表达方法，翻译后的英语虽然句式变换了，但基本保持了汉语的原意，这就“意译”。如要翻译“此地无银三百

49、两”就不能直译，可以意译为：The more is concealed，the more is revealed.再比如近几年高考中一些汉语成语或俗语的翻译：3) 许多外国游客都想去长城一游，他们知道“不到长城非好汉”。(visit)Many foreign tourists want to visit the Great Wall. They know that He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.4) 请尽早做出决定，不然你会坐失良机。(or)Please make your decision as early as p

50、ossible, or youll miss the golden chance.5) 他进公司后不久就独立完成了一项艰巨的任务，同事们对他刮目相看。(so)He finished a difficult task independently soon after he entered the company, so his colleagues looked at him with new eyes.直译和意译没有明确界限，往往是一句汉语整体可以直译，但局部（特别是“地道的”汉语，如成语、俗语和谚语）却要通过意译来完成。问题十：中译英中还要注意哪些情况？1、注意（逻辑）主语的变化。1) 他的

51、话让我忍俊不禁。I couldnt help laughing at what he had said.2) 那个国家又发生地震了。Another earthquake broke out in that country.同样要注意的是take place, happen, appear, exist, occur, spring up等。再如：他突然想到忘了带驾驶证。It suddenly occurred to him that he had forgotten to take his driving license.上海街头涌现了许多酒吧。Lots of bars have sprung

52、 up in the streets of Shanghai.3) 你不可能独立完成这项工作的。It is impossible for you to complete the task alone.同样要注意convenient, necessary, essential, important等词。再如：你完全有必要向他们解释清楚。It is absolutely essential that you explain this to them.4) 他五岁时母亲开始教他弹钢琴。When he was five years old, his mother began to teach him

53、how to play the piano.不可以翻译成：At the age of five his mother . 因为at the age of five的逻辑主语是his mother。2、动词的特殊搭配。英语中很多动词都有自己的固定搭配，其主语、宾语的情况也不尽相同，在学习中要注意积如：1) 他决定报复对方。He decided to avenge his opponent.2) 他向我建议在网上看小说。He suggested to me that I read novels online.3) 他成功劝说妻子去买车。He succeeded in persuading his

54、wife to buy a car.4) 我梦想有自己的书房。I dream of having my own study.5) 我要付给你多少钱？How much shall I pay you?6) 谁应为此事负责？Who is to blame for this?3、翻译时要根据英语习惯适当增词、删词。1) 我爸爸是老师，在重点中学教书。My father is a teacher and teaches in a key middle school.2) 早晨妈妈是全家第一个起床的人。Every morning Mum is the first to get up in the fam

55、ily.英语里没有量词，因此“天”不直接译出。3) 这是妈妈告诉我的。This is what Mum told me.英语里一般由连词来连接两个句子。再如：门突然开了，进来一位陌生人。The door opened suddenly and in came a stranger.不穿外套你很容易感冒的。You will easily catch a cold if you dont wear a coat.4) 他的包被抢了。He was robbed of his bag.英语里很多动词有其特定的用法，该句中of必不可少。再如：他抓住了小偷的胳膊。He held the thief by

56、the arm.5) 他虽然退休了，但仍关心着公司的业务。Though he has retired, he still cares about the companys business.though是连词，引导让步状语从句，因此汉语中的“但”就不能译出。同样，如果译出“但”，就不必译出“虽然”。再如：因为我不懂德语，所以我没有加入他们的柏林三日游。As I dont know German, I didnt join them in the three-day trip to Berlin.除非你弥补我的损失，否则我不会放过你。Unless you make up for my loss,

57、 I will not let you go.6) 我会安排人带你们参观我厂。I will arrange for someone to show you around our factory.7) 他和一位教授的女儿结了婚。He married a daughter of a professors.marry为及物动词，后面直接跟宾语。另外一个典型的动词是serve。如：我的工作是为老师们服务。My job is to serve the teachers.4、翻译有些汉语时应遵循英语的习惯表达，不能直译。1) 为了提前完成任务，他饭也顾不上了。In order to complete th

58、e task in advance, he had no thought for dinner.“为了做某事”不可以直译为for doing sth.。2) 我一定会尽快通知你考试日程的。I will surely inform you of the exam schedule.（“定”不可译为must）3) 希望你尽早康复。I hope you will recover soon.（不能译成I hope you to .)4) 有人看见一个黑衣人朝公园方向走去。A man in black was seen walking in the direction of the park.（不可以说

59、toward the direction of)5) 我把你的电子词典忘在家里了。I left your electronic dictionary at home.（“忘”不能译成：forget）6) 他因为考试成绩好赢得了老师的表扬。He was praised for his good result in the exam.（“因为”不可直接译成because）7) 你一定会多实现梦想的。You are sure to realize your dream. / Your dream is sure to come true.5、翻译中语序的变化。1) 所有出席会议的人都拿到一张电影票。

60、All those present at the meeting got a film ticket.英语中，词组、句子修饰名词时应后置。再如：最后离开教室的人必须关灯。The last to leave the classroom must tum off the lights.2) 我认为你找不到自行车了。I dont think you can find your bicycle.主句中主谓结构为I think / believe / suppose等，宾语从句中的否定应转移到主句。3) 你认为我该去哪里买药？Where do you think I should go to buy t