人教版高中英语必修三课件ppt

1、Unit4 Words1. in time: sooner or later; eventually 迟早；最后；终于in time (for sth/to do sth): not late 及时；不迟She will be back in time to prepare dinner. 她来得及回来准备晚饭。Ill see him in time.总有一天我会遇见他。in/out of time: in/not in the correct time 合/不合节拍The audience clapped in time to the music.观众合着音乐的节拍拍手。be harmful

2、 to 对有害 do harm to sb. = do sb. harm 伤害某人，对某人有害处 1) Pollution is especially harmful to animals. 2) Smoking will do you a lot of harm. It does no harm (for sb.) to doIt does no harn for you to open the window.There is no harm in (sb.s) doing sth.There is no harm in (your) opening the window.2.3.multi

3、ply (数目上)增加，增多；乘；（使）繁殖 1) Our problems have multiplied since last year. 2) 2 and 5 multiply to make 10. 4) The plants here multiply rapidly. 3) 6 multiplied by 5 is 30.= Multiply 6 by 5 to make 30.4.prevent sb from (doing) sth=stop sb from doing sth阻止.做.” 在主动语态中from可以省略，被动语态中不行。 How to prevent/stop

4、this (from) happening.Its nationals may be prevented/stopped from leaving the country.keep sb from doing sth中的from无论在主动语态中还是在被动语态中都不能省略。“ 阻止.做.”,如果省略from,意思为让某人一直做某事He kept me from getting hurt.He kept me doing homework.5.puzzle n. 谜；难题 v. （使）迷惑；（使）为难Its puzzles me.feel/ be puzzled about sth. 对某事感到迷

5、惑puzzle over/ about sth. 对某事苦苦思索 这个字母使我迷惑不解。This letter puzzles me. 她对她的未来感到迷惑。She felt puzzled about her future. 他昨晚冥思苦想一道数学题。He puzzled over/ about a math problem last night.puzzling adj. 使迷惑的 puzzled adj. 迷惑的；困惑的6.break out vt.& vi.（战争、打斗等不愉快事件）突然发生，爆发; 突然发生，爆发; 向外砸开;也可以表示突然大声叫喊等。 The war broke o

6、ut in 1937.A fire break out last night. She broke out, “That is too unfair!”take place 表示“发生、举行、举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。例如： The Olympic Games of 2008 took place in Beijing. happen 作“发生、碰巧”解，常指具体事件的发生，特别指那些偶然的或未能预见的“发生”，一般用于偶然或突发性事件。例如： A storm happened across the river in another co

7、untry.occur 作“发生、想到、突然想起”解，其意义相当于 happen。例如： What has occurred? (= What has happened?) come about 表示“发生、产生”，多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句。例如： When Mother woke up, she didnt know what had come about. ReadingWhats the meaning of the word “Astronomy”?I. Warming up行星the science of stars;2. Do you know t

8、he following terms? star, planet, the sun / moon / earth, solar system太阳系 3. How many planets are in the solar system? 8恒星PlutoScientists now think Pluto is too small to be called a planet.4. Do you know the correct order of their distance to the sun? nearest to the sun? farthest to the sun?5. The n

9、ames of eight planets.Mercury m:kjri VenusEarthMarsJupiter du:pt SaturnstnUranus jrnsNeptune neptu:n, -tju:n1) 水星2) 金星3) 地球4) 火星5) 木星6) 土星7) 天王星8) 海王星In this unit, well learn something more scientific.1.Whats the title of the text?2. From the title, we can predict that the text may tell us the origi

10、n of life on the earth.Do you know some stories about it?How life began on the earthPangu separates the sky from the earth. Nvwa made humans.1. When did the “Big Bang” happen?Read the passage quickly and answer the questions.2. What form was the earth after the “Big Bang”?3. What made up the earths

11、atmosphere4. How did water come into being on the earth?5. Whats the significance of the presence of water on the earth?6.What was important to the development of fish?7. What made possible the rise of mammals on the earth?8. Why are mammals different from all life forms in the past?1. When did the

12、“Big Bang” happen? It happened several billion years ago.Scanning Read the passage quickly and answer the questions.2. What form was the earth after the “Big Bang”? The earth was still just a cloud of dust.3. What made up the earths atmosphere after the earth exploded? Carbon, nitrogen, water vapour

13、 and other gases. 4. How did water come into being on the earth? As the earth cooled down after it exploded, water came into being.5. Whats the significance of the presence of water on the earth? It allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.6. What was important

14、to the development of fish? oxygen. 7. What made possible the rise of mammals on the earth? The disappearance of dinosaurs made the possible the rise of mammals on the earth.8. Why are mammals different from all life forms in the past? They gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed

15、them.Close readingI. Read the passage carefully and match the main idea with each paragraph. Para. 1 The formation (形成) of the earth.Para. 2 The importance of water for life.Para. 3 A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe.Para. 4 The arrival of humans and their impact on the ear

16、th. Para. 5 The development of plants and animals on the earth. Detailed readingStage 1 : The development of the earthStage 2 : The development of life(para 13)(para 45)Stage 1: The development of the earth(1) After the Big Bang, what was the earth like? a cloud of dust a solid globe exploded with f

17、ire and rock produced water vapour and gases(2) What happened next?(3) What did the water vapour and gases form?the earths atmosphere Water appeared(4) What appeared as the earth cooled down?water is important for the beginning of life on the earth. Why is water so important for the beginning of lif

18、e? Because water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases into oceans and seas.？Stage2 The development of life small plants appears in water 1.What life developed after water appeared?Shellfish and all sorts of fish 2.What life developed in water next? green plants began to grow on land insects a

19、ppeared3.What about the life on land?amphibians on land and in the waterforests4. What life developed next on land? reptiles appeared dinosaur developed 5.What life developed after forests appeared?mammals on land6.What life developed after dinosaurs? small clever animals7. What life developed after

20、 mammals? 1.Who are the small clever animals with hands and feet? 2. Are they taking care of the earth well? Why? ? Because they are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.The earth may become too hot to live on .Can you fill

21、in the blanks?23456789101 small plants in watershellfish and all sorts of fish insects reptilesamphibiansmammalsdinosaurs humansplantsanimalsGreen plants on landforests1. Insects and amphibians appeared. 3. The earth became a solid ball.5. Reptiles appeared. 7. The earth was a cloud of dust9. Shellf

22、ish and other fish appeared.11. Clever animals with hands and feet appeared2. Dinosaurs appeared. 4.Small plants grew on the water.6. Plants began to grow on dry land.8. Water appeared on the earth10. The universe began with a “Big Band”.12. Mammals appeared.831091151741262Can you put the order of d

23、evelopment of life into a time line?Ex.2 on P27III. Fill in the blanks in the following form.TimeWhat happenedBig Bang_ began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.AtomsBetween 4.5 and 3.8 billion years agoDust settled into a solid and _ globe.The earth exploded to produce its _.The c

24、ontinued _ of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and _ into the oceans and seas.violentatmospherepresenceacidsMany millions of years laterThe first small plants on the surface of the water produced _.Early _ and all sorts of fish appeared.Green plants began to grow on land. Insects an

25、d _ appeared.oxygenshellfishamphibiansMany millions of years later_ appeared and they laid eggs.Dinosaurs developed, laid eggs and _ for more than 140 million years.Mammals rose and _ babies.Reptilesexistedgave birth toAbout 2.6 million years agoSome small _ animals with hands and feet appeared and

26、spread all over the earth.NowHumans produce too much carbon _, making the earth too hot.cleverdioxideIV. True (T) or False (F).1. The earth appeared before the Big Bang happened.2. The original atmosphere consisted of nitrogen and oxygen. 3. The main difference between the earth and other planets is

27、 that there is water on the earth. 4. Life began in water and then on land.FFTT5. Mammals appeared before the development of dinosaurs.6. Dinosaurs could give birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them. 7. Human beings produce too much carbon dioxide which causes the global warming o

28、n the earth. 8. According to the text, human beings would disappear in the end. FFTF宾语从句Object Clause表语从句Predicative主语从句Subject Clasuse同位语从句Appositive Clause名词性从句Noun Clause 从句一律保持陈述语序。主语从句同位语从句表语从句宾语从句名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句

29、又可分别称为主语从句(Subject Clause)、宾语从句(Object Clause)、表语从句(Predicative Clause) 和同位语从句(Appositive ClauseWho will win the match is still unknown. I want to know what he has told you. The fact is that we have lost the game. The news that we won the game is exciting. 主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句主语从句一个句子在复合句中充当主语叫主语从句。常用引

30、导词：连接词： that(无词义) whetherThat he will come and help us is certain.Whether we stay or not makes no difference.连接代词: who(ever) whom what(ever) which(ever) whoseWho will go to the energy conference is not important.连接副词：when where how why When and where the test will be given is not decided.1. 引导主语从句的连

31、词是不能省略的。 That the earth is round is true2. That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：It is true that the earth is round.结构：Attentiona. It + be +形容词+ that-从句It is necessary that 有必要It is important that重要的是It is obvious that 很明显b. It + be + p.p.+ that-从句It is believed that人们相信It is known to all that从所周知It

32、has been decided that已决定c. It + be +名词+ that-从句It is common knowledge that 是常识It is a surprise that 令人惊奇的是It is a fact that 事实是d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句It appears that似乎It happens that碰巧It occurred to me that 我突然想起2.表示“是否”意义时，一般用whether 而不用 if引导主语从句， Whether she will come or not is still a question3.有时可

33、用形式主语it 代替主语从句： e.g. It is still a question whether she will come or not . It has not been decided yet when they will start .4.无论主语从句有多长，一般做单数处理。 e.g. When we will start has not been decided yet. . 注意： 以what开始的主语从句如果后面的表语是复数名词，系动词用复数形式。What he wants to buy are three books and two pens. 1.It is obvio

34、us to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future. A. as B. which C. whether D. that2. _ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who练一练！ 3.It is not immediately clear _ the financial crisis will soon be over. A. since B. what C.when D.

35、whether练一练！ _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who _the sports meet will be held depends on the weather.A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It

36、 宾语从句一个句子在复合句中充当宾语就叫宾语从句连接词： that(无词义) whether ife.g. I dont know whether (if)you are willing to help me . 连接代词：what(ever) who(ever) whose which(ever) 等连接副词： when where how why等特别提示1.由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分。Im glad that you have passed the exam .2. 有些词或词组如hate, love,enjoy,dislike, feel like,

37、appreciate, take(认为),rely on, dont mind等，习惯上后面跟it做形式宾语，再接宾语从句。I take it that you will agree with us.3.在接复合宾语的句子中，为了保持句子平衡，用it作形式宾语，而将从句放在句尾。常带复合宾语的动词有：make/find/see/hear/feel/think等。I think it necessary that I take plenty of water every day.4. 某些动词后的宾语从句常用虚拟语气，如insist，order，request，suggest等。I sugges

38、ted that we (should) start before 5 o clock.5.必须用whether 引导， 不可用if:1).从句后有ornot时，不可用if : I dont know whether he will come or not .2).介词宾语通常用 whether 引导: It depends on whether he is coming or not . 3). 后接动词不定式时。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 4).discuss 后面的宾语从句解释为是否用whetherImagine you are i

39、n this situation, and discuss whether you should do something at once.5)主语从句放在句首Whether we stay or not makes no difference.6）表语从句和同位语从句The question is whether we can get thereon time .7)当it做形式主语whether / if 都可引导主语从句It hasnt been decided whether/if we shall attend the meeting.6. 用who，whom, which(ever

40、), whose,when,what(ever), where, why, how, whoever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。 Do you know how old he is?I want to know what he has told you. She always thinks of how she can work well.She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。7. think, believe, imagine, suppose等动词引起的

41、否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：We dont think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。如果主句主语为第一人称反意疑问句常与从句的主语和谓语保持一致；其他情况看主句。例如：I dont believe she has been to Australia, has she? 我认为她没去澳大利亚，是吗？I dont believe that he can translate this book, ? She thinks that her hu

42、sband is the best one in the team, ？can hedoesnt sheI doubt if / whether he will pass the exam. I dont doubt that we will win the match.Do you doubt that he did it on his own? doubt问题肯定句中用 if / whether否定句中用 that 疑定句中用 that I doubt _he is telling the truth. We never doubt _ the plan will be carried o

43、ut .Does he doubt _ you are from Austria?Im doubtful _ he will agree to this. if / whether that that if / whether宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：（1）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；（2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she wo

44、rks harder than the others do. 宾语从句He asked _ for a violin（MET1992） A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid2It is generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants. (NMET1997) A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever3. She is very dear to u

45、s. We have been prepared to do _ it takes to save her life. A .whichever B. however C .whatever D. whoever 4. The true value of life is not in _, but _.A. which we get; what give we B. what we get; what we give C. which do we get; what do we give D. how we get; that we give5. Have you seen Mary late

46、ly? My boss wants to know _.A. how she is getting along B. how is she getting along C. what she is getting along D. what is she getting along6. I dont doubt _ hell come. A. thatB. ifC. whatD. whether7. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not. A. if B. where C. whether D

47、. that表语从句一个句子在复合句中充当表语就叫表语从句. 连接词:that/whether/as if/as though/because连接代词：who/whom/what/which/whose连接副词：when/where/how/whyThe problem is that I am short of money. The question is how we can get there .It looks as if it is going to rain.特别提醒1. 主句的主语是advice,suggestion,order，request等名词时，表语从句的谓语要虚拟。Hi

48、s suggestion is that we (should) go now.2.主句的主语是reason时，表语从句常用that；若表原因用because，表结果用why.The reason for his absence was that he was ill.He forgot it. That was why he didnt call me.He didnt call me. That was because he forgot it.What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the seriou

49、s disease soon（上海01年春季招生） A. when B. how C. whether D. why I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off ? ( NMET1999)A. why B. what C. when D. where 3. _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. A. What; why B. That; why C. What; because D. Why; that 4. Go and get your coatIts _ you left it A. where B. there C. here where D. where there 5. The city is no longer _. A. what it is B. that it used to be C. which it was D. what it used to be6.The problem is_ he has enough time.A. if B. whether C./ D. that wh