被动语态高考复习

1、一.高考趋势高考对动词语态的考查往往与对时态的考查同时进行，通常包括以下几个方面的内容：.常用时态中的语态；.非谓语动词中的语态；.主动表被动的情况。二.知识讲解语态也是动词的一种形式，英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表小主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。一般是在不知道或没有必要知道动作的执行者是谁时，我们是被动语态Weuseelectricitytorunmachines.（主动语态）Electricityisusedtorunmachines.（被动语态）【不能用于被动语态的动词和短语】.在英语中，不及物动词不能用于被动语态，但有些不及物动词（包括短语）容易

2、引起误用。如：appear,belong,belong,die,escape,fall,happen,last,remain,succeed,occur,cometrue,takeplace,consistof。.某些表示状态或特征的及物动词，如：become,contain,cost,fit,have,resemble,suit也没有被动语态。【被动语态的时态形式】表1时间一般时时现在 am askeden askedis askedare asked过去 was be askedwere be asked将来 shall be asked常用的被动语态有表1所列的几种时态形式进行完成时am

3、beingaskedhavebeisbeingaskedarebeingaskedwasbeingaskedhadbeenaskedwerebeingaskedshallhavebeenaskedwillbeaskedwillhavebeenasked过去should be askedshouldhavebeenasked将来would be askedwouldhavebeenasked【短语动词的被动语态】短语动词转换为被动语态时，通常被看作是一个动词，后面的介词或副词不能拆开或省略。例如:Sofarnocorrectconclusionhasarrivedat.Alltherubbish

4、shouldbegotridof.【get+-ed分词”的被动语态】“get+-ed分词”结构强调动作的结果，而非动作本身，常用来表示突发性的，出乎意料的偶然事件。例如:Theboygothurtonhiswayhomefromwork.另外，“get+-ed分词”还可用于谈论为自己做的事，是主动的行为而不是被动的行为。例如:get dressed （穿衣 K）get divorced （离婚）get engaged （订婚）get confused（迷惑不解）get lost （迷路）getwashed（洗脸）getmarried（结婚）【能带两个宾语和复合宾语的动词改为被动语态】.能带两个

5、宾语的动词改为被动语态时，一次只能由一个宾语作主语，另一个宾语被保留卜来例如:We showed the visitors our new products.（主动语态）The visitors were shown our new products.（被动语态）Our new products were shown to the visitors.（被动语态）.能带复合宾语的动词改为被动语态时，原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语。例如:（主动语态）TheteacherappointedhimLeaguesecretary.HewasappointedLeaguesecretary.（被动语态）【

6、被动语态与系表结构的区别】（系表结构）Thenovelwaswellwritten.ThenovelwaswrittenbyDickens.(被动语态)【英语中常用主动表被动的情况】.一些既是及物又是不及物的动词。如read,write,sell,open,shut,begin,wash,wear,etc.此类动词常接副词作状语。例如：Thedoorwontshut.门关不上。Theshoeswearwell.这鞋子经穿。.系动词look,feel,taste,sound,smell,prove,seem,appear,etc.止匕类动词常接形容词作表语。例如：Theclothfeelssof

7、t.这布料摸起来柔软。Thedishtastesgood.这菜味道不错。.作定语的不定式。例如：Ihavealotofworktodothisweek.Haveyougotanythingtosayatthemeeting.在形容词easy,difficult,hard等之后作状语的不定式。例如：Thisquestionisdifficulttoanswer.Wefindthemanhardtogetalongwith.need,want,require作需要时，他们后面常接主动的-ing分词或被动的不定式。在这种情况下，句子的主语必须在逻辑上是-ing分词的宾语。例如：Yourhairnee

8、dscutting/tobecut.Theroomwantscleaning/tobecleanedeveryday.比较：Ineedtohavemyhaircut.Hewantstogohomethisafternoon.用于beworthdoing结构。例如：Thefilmiswellworthseeingtwice.Thebookisworthreading.比较worthy用法：Thebookisworthytoberead.Thebookisworthyofbeingread.【主动结构中使役动词】如：let,makeor感官动词等后不加to地动词不定式变为被动结构时，动词前面要加t

9、oTheteachermadeTomdoallthehomework.Tomwasmadetodoallthehomeworkbytheteacher.【被动语态的翻译】一般用“由，被，受”来翻译表达，有些固定句型地翻译：itissaid,itisreported,itisbelieved,itisthought,itisdiscovered,itisfoundthat三.典型例题.（北京2000,单项填空）Thepictureonthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung正确答案：B此题考查内容较多，涉

10、及时态、语态，谓语动词和非谓语动词等。题干中已有谓语ispainted,不能选C;D选项表示“正在被挂，不合题意；作后置定语时，hanging=hung,所以选Bo2.（北京2000,单项填空）Allthepreparationsforthetask,andwerereadytostart.A.completedB.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted正确答案：D此题既考时态，又考语态，根据语境该用现在完成时被动语态，所以选Do3.（MET89单项填空）-Whatdoyouthinkofthebook-Oh,excellent.Itswor

11、thasecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread正确答案：C此题考查beworthdoing的用法，所以选C=四.知识过关Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallygetbythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayNobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedtoA.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.goout-thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.-Yes,italldepe

12、ndsontheweather.Ive been toldIve toldIm toldI toldIneedonemorestampbeforemycollection.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted-Doyoulikethematerial-Yes,itverysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfeltInsomepartsoftheworld,teawithmilkandsugar.D.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesshout to be heard even atare not kept; have toD. do not keep; have toare paintedD. areservedcitynoisesfromincreasing,peoplethedinnertable20yearsfromn