英语动词时态讲解及练习

1、语法（一）：动词时态和语态【】英语的时态共有16种 一般时 进行时 完成时 完成进行时 一般现在时现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 一般过去时过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时 一般将来时将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时 一般过去将来时过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时 【】十六种时态的谓语形式 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态 现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing 过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing 将来 sha

2、ll/will do shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing 过去将来 should/would do should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing 常用的八种时态一般现在时： 概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, e

3、tc. 基本结构：be动词；行为动词 否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用 doesnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, usually, always, sometimes, every day, from time to time 等时间状语； 表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 He usually goes to work at 7 oc

4、lock every morning. She has a brother who lives in New York. The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China. Japan lies to the east of China 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如： I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. Magellan proved that

5、the earth is not flat, but round.考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有： 时间：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; every time, whenever, immediately, instantly, directly条件：if, unless, provided, providingIf he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考点三：在make sur

6、e (certain), see to it that, mind, care, matter 宾语从句， 从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 So long as he works hard, I dont mind when he finishes the experiment. 只要他努力工作， 我不介意他什么时候做完试验。 See to it that you are here on time tomorrow.We must see to it that party policies are scientific and effective.I dont care what other

7、s say.考点四：在the more the more (越越) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. The more you learn, the more you will know. The more you know, the more you will get.二、一般过去时： 概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last w

8、eek(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 基本结构：be动词；行为动词 否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, a

9、t that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when, 注意： 考点一：used to + do，表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作。to为不定式，后接动词原形。 be/become/get used to + doing，表示习惯于 He used to smoke a lot. He has got used to getting up early. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。 He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise 考点三：在下

10、面几个句型中常常使用过去时态。Its (high,about) time thatI would rather .Would you mind if.Eg: Its (high,about) time that you took a rest.-Shall I open the window ? -would rather you didnt.Would you mind if I asked you a question?Would you mind if I sweep the floor?考点四：虚拟语气中一般过去表示现在或将来。Eg: If I were you, Id take th

11、em away. UG如果我是你的话，我就会带走他们. If I had time. I could come to help you. 0如果我有时间，我会来帮助你的。 I wish I knew the answer to that question.If only I were a bird!三、现在进行时： 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc. 基本结构：am/is/are+doing 否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。 表说话时或目前一段时间内

12、正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。We are having English class. The house is being built these days. 考点一：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。 Look out when you are crossing the street. Dont wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 考点二： 动词go, come leave, start, arrive 等进行时表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作（这时多有表示将来的时间状语）。 Ma

13、rry is leaving on Friday. He is arriving here next week.考点三：与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。The little boy is always making trouble. He is always helping others.That girl is constantly thinking of others.That boy is playing basketball again in the house above.考点四

14、：be 动词的现在进行时可以表示暂时的表现或特点。U R impolite to me today.I dont agree with you, but I think U R being childish.四、过去进行时： 概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 基本结构：was/were+doing 否定形式：was/were + not + doing. 一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发

15、生的动作。 The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work. He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help. What were you doing at nine last night? The radio was being repaired when you called me. 过去进行时考点：与过去时比较，过去时态有完成意思，而过去进行时则没有。He wrote a book.He

16、was writing a book.五、现在完成时： 概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 时间状语：recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc. 基本结构：have/has + done 否定形式：have/has + not +done. 一般疑问句：have或has。 表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语： 考点一：for + 时间段；since + 时间点 They have lived

17、in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 1995. I have learned English for ten years. 考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days, Has it stopped raining yet ? I have just finished my homework/report.So far I have read ten English l

18、ove stories.考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。 in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等 Great changes have taken place in Suzhou in the past twenty years.考点四：表示“第几次做某事，”或在 “

19、It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 that” 后面跟现在完成时。在序数词或最高级后面的定语从句中常常使用。This is my first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. That is the only book that he has written. 六、过去完成时： 概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。 时间状语：before,

20、by the end of last year(term, month),etc. 基本结构：had + done. 否定形式：had + not + done. 一般疑问句：had放于句首。 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用 ( before, after, by, up till ) There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000. By the end of last term we had finished the book. By the

21、 end of last term I had learnt more than 2000 English words. They finished earlier than we had expected. 考点一：用于hardly/scarcely.when; no sooner .than 句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。 注意否定词在句子开头要倒装。I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me. I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow. No

22、sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. （注意主谓倒装） 考点二：表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。 That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather. It was 3 years since we had parted。 考点三：动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。 I had hoped that I could do

23、the job. I had intended to come to see you but I was too busy. = I intended to have come to see you but I was too busy.I had hoped to finish the work earlier.= I hoped to have finished the work earlier.七、一般将来时： 概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few

24、 minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc. 基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do. 否定形式：was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。 表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用，其表现形式多达5种。 Which city will host the 31rd Olympic Games in 2016?考点一：一般将来时总是用在一些

25、带有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中： We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes. If he arrives here after 7 oclock tomorrow morning, he will be punished by our headteacher.（主句用一般将来时，从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。） 考点二：某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用现在进行时形式表示将来。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 考点三：

26、“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”，这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时。 Use your head and you will find a way. Study harder, and you will pass the examinations.考点四：“am (is, are) going to + 动词原形”，表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事。 从目前的迹象看将要发生某事。“am (is, are) about to + 动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作。 “am (is, are) to + 动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事。 They are

27、to be married in this May. Look at the black clouds in the sky. It is going to rain.All these things are to be answered for.We were about to leave when the phone rang.临时性决定用will, Eg I am sorry to hear that tom is ill, and I will go to see him this afternoon.八、过去将来时： 概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。 时间状

28、语：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc. 基本结构：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do. 否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do. 一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 位于句首九、将来进行时 表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。 Ill be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。 The

29、 President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport. 十、将来完成时 表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。 考点一：常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 oclock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time, before或when等引导的副词从句。 By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.

30、By the time you reach the station, the train will have left. By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，将来完成时则由现在完成时表示。 The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school. 动词的语态 一般用于强调受者， 做题时谓语动词不再有名词或宾语。动词的语态一般不单独考，而是和时态、语气和非谓语动词一起考，只是需要注意以下

31、考点。 考点一：不能用于被动语态的动词和词组 come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeed It took place before liberation. 考点二：下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义, 而且常与well, quite, easily, badly等副词连用。 lock ( 锁 ) ; wash ( 洗 ); sell ( 卖 ); read ( 读 );

32、wear ( 穿 ); blame (责备)；ride (乘坐)； write ( 写 )； Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。 The car rides smoothly. 这车走起来很稳。 The case locks easily. 这箱子很好锁。 The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。 考点三：一些常用经典被动句型： It is said, It is reported, It is widely believed， It is expected, It is estimated, 这些句子一般翻译为“据说”，“人们认为”， 而 “以前人们认为

33、” 则应该说：It was believed, It was thought考点四：want, need require deserve +ving 主动语态表示被动意义 The flowers need watering.= The flowers need to be watered.The kind of work deserves doing.考点五：be seated, be located, be situated被动表示主动意义 Please be seated. Our school is located at the foot of Lingyan Hill全国各地高考时态与

34、语态考试题集1.The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she _ .A. will arrive B. arrives C. is going to arrive D. is arriving2.When I was at college I _ three foreign languages, but I _ all except a few words of each.A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgottenC. had spoken; ha

35、d forgotten D. had spoken;have forgotten3.The police found that the house _ and a lot of things_ .A. has broken into; has been stolen B. had broken into; had been stolenC. has been broken into; stolen D. had been broken into; stolen4.Come on in, Peter. I want to show you something.Oh, how nice of yo

36、u! I _ you _ to bring me a gift.A. never think; are going B. never thought; were goingC. didnt think; were going D. hadnt thought; were going5.The volleyball match will be put off if it_.A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining6.Mary_ a dress when she cut her finger.A. made B. is making C. was

37、making D.makes7. Shes upstairs_ letters.A. writes B. is writing C. write D.writing8. Have you moved into the new house?Not yet. The rooms_ .A. are being painting B. are paintingC. are painted D. are being painted9.The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A. had wr

38、itten ; left B.were writing ;has left C.had written ;had left D.were writing ;had left10.Whe and where to build the new factory _yet.A.is not decided B. are not decidedC.has not decided D. .have not decided11. When Jack arrived he learned Mary _ for almost an hour.A. had gone B. had set off C. had l

39、eft D. had been away12.-Do you know our town at all?-No, this is the first time I_ here.A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming13-We could have walked to the station; it was so near.-Yes. A taxi_at all necessary.A. wasnt B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wont be14. If city noises _ from increasing, pe

40、ople_ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have toC. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to15.Tom_ into the house when no one_ .A. slipped; was looking B. had slipped; lookedC. slipped; had looked D. was slipping; look

41、ed16. In come parts of the world, tea _with milk and sugar.A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served17How long _each other before they _married?For about a year.A. have they known; get B. did they know; were going to getC. do they know; are going to get D. had they known; got18. My dictionary_

42、. I have looked for it everywhere but still _it.A. has lost; dont find B. is missing; dont findC. has lost; havent found D. is missing; havent found19. Tom ought not _to me your secret, but he meant no harm.A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told20.We were all surprised when he made it cle

43、ar that he _office soon.A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left21. Can I join your club, Dad?You can when you _ a bit older.A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have got22.Im sorry to keep you waiting.Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes.A. have been B. had beenC. was D. will be23.

44、I dont really work here; I _ until the new secretary arrives.A. just help out B. have just helped out C. am just helping out D. will just help out24. I need one more stamp before my collection_.A. has completed B. completesC. has been completed D. is completed25. As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asl

45、eep.A. read; was falling B. was reading; fellC. was reading; was falling D. read; fell26. You dont need to describe her. I her several times.A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet27.Oh, its you! I _ you.Ive just had my hair cut, and Im wearing new glasses.A. didnt recognize B. hadnt recognized C. hav

46、ent recognized D. dont recognize28. I first met Lisa three years ago. She_ at a radio shop at the time.A. has worked B. was workingC. had been working D. had worked29.- Is this raincoat yours?-No, mine there behind the door.A. is hanging B. has hung C. hangs D. hung30. - Alice, why didnt you come ye

47、sterday?- I , but I had an unexpected visitor.A. had B. would C. was going to D. did31. Shirley_a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it.A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing32. -Hi, Tracy, you look tired.-I am tired. I _the living room all day.A. pain

48、ted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted33. Hey, look where you are going?-Oh, Im terribly sorry._ A. Im not noticing B.I wasnt noticing C. I havent noticing D.I dont noticing34. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon _to his old ways.A. returned B. returns C. was returni

49、ng D. had returned35. All the preparations for the task _,and were ready to start.A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed36. The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets _ .A. was booked B. had been booked C. were booked D. have

50、been booked37. Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.A. is used B. are usedC. has been used D. have been used38. My uncle _ until he was forty-five.A. married B. didnt married C. was not marrying D. would marry39. Tony was very unhappy for _ to the party

51、.A. having not been invited B. not having invitedC having not invited D. not having been invited40. - How are you today?- Oh , I _ as ill as I do now for a very long time.Adidnt fell Bwasnt feelingCdont fell Dhavent felt41. The reporter said that the UFO _east to west when be saw it.Awas travelling

52、BtravelledChad been traveling Dwas to travel.42. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.Ahas been designed Bhad been designed Cwas designed Dwould be designed43. Ive won a holiday for two to Florida. I _ my mum.Aam taking Bhave taken Ctake Dwill have taken44. Selecting a mobile phone f

53、or personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.A. is changing B. has changedC. will have changed D. will change45. Visitors _ not to touch the exhibits.A. will request B. requestC. are requesting D. are requested46. He is the only one of the students who a winner of scholarship for

54、three years.A. is B. are C. have been D. has been47. Rainforests_ and burned at near future.A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut48. It _ long before we _ the result of the experiment.A. will not bewill know B. iswill know C. will not beknow D. isknow49. John and I_ friends for eight ye

55、ars. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party.But we_ each other a couple of times before that.A. had been; have seen B have been; have seenC. had been; had seen D have been; had seen50. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He_ trying to save a child in the earthquake.A. killed B. is k

56、illed C. was killed D. was killing51. .I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.A hasnt written B doesnt writeC wont write D hadnt written52. -Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favour? -Of course. What is it?-I _ if you could tell me how to fill out this form.A had wond

57、ered B was wondering C would wonder D did wonder53. .He will have learnt English for eight years by the time he _ from the university next year.A will graduate B will have graduatedC graduates D is to graduate54. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervouseness .Aha

58、s grown Bis growing Cgrew Dhad grown动词时态、语态、语气经典选择题1He will stop showing off ,if no notice of him .Ataken Bis taken Cwill be taken Dhas taken2The former president was caught at last.Really? Where himself?Ahad he hiddenBhas he hiddenCwas he hiddenDhas he been hiding3May I remind you that Mary is wait

59、ing outside, sir?Oh, thats right. I about it.AforgetBforgotChad forgottenDhave forgotten4.By the time he was thirteen, _ himself Practice and Progress.A. taughtB. has taughtC. had taughtD. was teaching5. -Was Allen friendly? No, she told me her name after I _ _her twice.A. ask B. have asked C. asked

60、 D. had asked6. -Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming7. The police _ the terrible accident when they arrived at the spot.A. have looked intoB. were looking into C. were looking after D. looked after8When will you come to see me,