高一英语衔接练习NO2句子成份

1、WORD 专业资料. I句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致一样，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。一、主语表明句子里所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。例如:Lilylikes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。To learn English well is not easy.（不定式短语）学好英语不容易。二、谓语说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动词充当。例

2、如：We workhard.我们努力工作。The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。He is my father. 他是我父亲。They all look fine. 他们都很好。谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如：I am reading. You arereading. HeShe is reading. We are reading.三、宾语宾语是动作行为的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当，和与物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。例如：Tom bought a story-book.（名词）汤姆买了一本故事书。I saw him y

3、esterday. （代词）昨天我看到他了。He wanted to have a cup of tea. （不定式短语）他想要一杯茶。直接宾语和间接宾语有些与物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如：He gave mesome ink . 他给了我一些墨水。间接宾语 直接宾语 Our teacher told usan interesting story.老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。间接宾语 直接宾语四、表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，与连系动词一起构成谓语，表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。例如：My s

4、ister is a nurse.（名词）我的姐姐是一名护士。They were at home.（介词短语）他们在家里。She got angry. （形容词）她生气了。Her grandfather is over eighty years old.（数词）她的祖父八十多岁了。五、定语定语是修饰名词或代词的，可以作定语的除形容词外，还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。例如：This is a green cup.（形容词）这是一个绿色的杯子。Are these students your classmates? （代词）这些学生是你班的吗？Winter is the

5、coldest season of the year.（介词短语）冬天是一年中最冷的季节。I have something important to tell you.（不定式）我有重要的事情要告诉你。The people here are very friendly.（副词）这里的人们非常友好。注意：形容词作定语时通常放在被修饰的词之前。而介词短语、不定式短语或副词等作定语时则放在被修饰的词之后。六、状语状语是修饰动词、形容词、或副词的，有的修饰全句。可以作状语的主要是副词和介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等。例如：You are quite right .（副词） 你非常正确。Mr.Wu c

6、omes to the school by bike. (介词短语) 吴老师骑自行车上学校。She will arrive in Beijingon Monday. （介词短语）她将于星期一到达。He stopped to have a look. （不定式短语）他停下来看了看。七、宾语补足语有些与物动词的宾语后边还需要有一个补足语，意思才能够完整。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。例如：We call herXiao Li. 宾语 宾语补足语You must keep the roomclean and tidy. 宾语 宾语补足语John asked meto help him with hi

7、s Chinese. 宾语 宾语补足语I will have my haircut tomorrow. 宾语 宾语补足语We saw the boyplaying basketball on the playground just now. 宾语 宾语补足语句子成分巧记歌诀主谓宾表定状补， 七种成分记清楚。句子主干主谓宾（表），枝叶成分定状补。定语修饰主宾表， 宾语之后常有补。主谓人称数一致， 状语位置最灵活。Exercises:指出下列句子中划线部分的成分。1We all study hard at English.A. 主语 B. 谓语 C. 宾语 D.表语2Betty likes her

8、 new bike very much. A. 主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语3My brother is a policeman. A. 主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语4Were you at home last night? A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语5Winter is the coldest season of the year. A 定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语6He often walks in the park. A.定语 B.状语 C.宾语 D.表语7Mary asked me to help her yesterday.A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补

9、D.表语8He boughtme a nice present last week. A.宾语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补9His parents are doctors.A.宾语 B.表语 C.谓语 D.定语10Ill get you some tea now.A.宾语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补11My mother told us an interesting story last night.A.表语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补12He has read the book twice.A.主语 B.谓语 C.表语 D.宾语13They seemed unh

10、appy when they heard the news.A.表语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.定语14Do you have something to eat ?A.状语 B.定语 C.宾语 D.宾补15We made him our monitor.A.宾语 B.定语 C. 状语 D.宾补II简单句的基本句型由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）所构成的句子叫简单句。根据句子的基本结构，简单句分为5种基本句型：1SV;（主语 不与物动词）Ican swim. 我会游泳。主语 谓语（不与物动词）Everythingchanges. 万物都在变。主语 谓语The planehas al

11、ready arrived. 飞机已经抵达。 主语 谓语2SVO;（主语与物动词宾语）IlikeEnglish. 我喜欢英语。主语 谓语 宾语Theyare readingbooks . 他们在看书。主语. 谓语 宾语Heboughta computer last week. 他上周买了台电脑。主语 谓语 宾语3SVP;（主语连系动词表语）My motherisa scientist. 我母亲是个科学家。主语 谓语 表语Shelooksyoung. 她看上去很年轻。主语 谓语 表语The foodtastes very delicious. 这食物尝起来很香。主语 谓语 表语4SVIODO;（

12、主语与物动词间接宾语直接宾语）My motherboughtmea dictionary yesterday. 我母亲昨天给我买了本字典。主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语Canyougivemethe math book? 你能给我那本数学书吗？谓语 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语Willyoutellussomething about your school life? 你给我讲讲你们的学习生活，好吗？谓语 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语5SVOOc;（主语与物动词宾语补语） Wemust keepour classroomclean and tidy. 我们必须保持教室干净、整洁。主语 谓语

13、 宾语 宾语补足语My motherasks meto speak English as much as possible. 我母亲要求我尽可能多地讲英语。 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语Iheardhersinging happily in the room just now. 刚才我听到她在房间里高兴地唱着歌。主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语简单句五种基本句型巧记歌诀：英语句子万万千，五大句型把线牵。句型种类看动词，后接成分是关键。系词之后接表语，不与物后无需连。与物又可分三类，单宾双宾最常见。还有宾语补足语，各种搭配记心间。Exercises:I指出下列句子的基本类型1They are lis

14、tening.2My mother is fifty now.3I have bought three books.4My friend gave me a birthday present.5I painted the wall white.6The boss often makes the workers work twelve hours a day.7They arrived at six oclock.8The map is on the wall9Children often sing this song.10Mr Wu teaches us English.11She showe

15、d her friends all her pictures.12I find him a lovely boy.II请朗读以下句子，划分下列句子的成分，并指出他们分别属于简单句中的哪种。1. Our country consumes a large number of plastic bags.2. The super-thin bags are the main source of white pollution.3. We should encourage people to return to carrying cloth bags.4. The new rule came out.5

16、. Environmental groups welcome the new rule.6. They can stop using plastic bags.7. What is particularly positive is that it involves public participation.8. Shops dont offer free plastic bags to their consumers.9. Hong Kong and Australia are considering measures to curb plastic bag litter.10. Chines

17、e consumers have gotten used to free plastic shopping bags.III简单句的种类I英语句子按结构可分为三类：简单句，并列句和复合句：1. 简单句Simple Sentences 含有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子。e.g. He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.2. 并列句Compound Sentences 包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子且句子之间有并列连词and/but等或用分号连接。e.g. You help

18、him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous.3. 复合句Complex Sentences 包含一个主句和一个从句或一个主句和多个从句的句子，且从句用从属连词引导。定语从句，状语从句，名词性从句都是复合句。e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.II按照句子的功能，简单句可分为4类：述句，疑问句，祈使句，和感叹句。一、述句用来述一件事或表达一种看法。1肯定式：主语谓语I came here

19、 last night. 我是昨晚到这儿的。The earth turns around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。We have many friends. 我们有很多朋友。Zhang Hong likes dancing. 红喜欢跳舞。2否定式：如果句子的谓语动词是behave或有助动词和情态动词，在它们之后加not构成否定式。China is not a developed country. 中国不是一个发达国家。He hasnt been to Hangzhou. 他没去过。We cant live without air. 没有空气，我们就不能生存。They will not

20、 (wont) go there. 他们将不去那里。如果句子的谓语是行为动词，而又没有助动词或情态动词时，在谓语动词前加助动词do(第三人称单数用does，过去式用did)再加not构成否定式。I dont want to go. 他不想去。He doesnt like English. 他不喜欢英语。She didnt go to the party last night. 昨晚她没有去参加晚会。二、 疑问句英语中的疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。1. 一般疑问句用yes或no来回答的疑问句。Are you from England? 你是英格兰人吗？Do you

21、speak English? 你讲英语吗？Will you be free tomorrow? 你明天有空吗？2. 特殊疑问句用疑问代词或疑问副词提问的句子，不用yes或no回答。Whose bike is the newest? 谁的自行车最新？Who teaches you English? 谁教你们英语？Who are you waiting for? 你在等谁？When will the meeting begin? 会议将在什么时候开始？Why didnt you tell me earlier? 你为什么不早点告诉我呢？3. 选择疑问句提出两个或两个以上的情况让对方选择。选择疑问句

22、由“一般疑问句or一般疑问句”构成，其中后一个问句中与前一个句中的一样部分被省略。不用yes或no回答，要用完整的句子回答。Is Kates hair long or short? Its long. 凯特的头发是长还是短？ 是长的。Shall we go by bus or walk? By bus. 我们是乘车去还是步行呢？ 乘车去4. 反意疑问句前一部分述一件事实，后一部分对前面的述提出相反的疑问。即前一部分如果是肯定结构，后一部分用否定结构;如果前一部分是否定结构，后一部分用肯定结构。You are from England, arent you? 你是英格兰人，对吗？He can s

23、wim, cant he ? 他会游泳，对吗？Jim will go to England, wont he? 吉姆将去英国，是吗？Tom tells you about it, doesnt he? 汤姆告诉你那件事的，对吗？Jenny didnt come to school yesterday, did she? 珍妮昨天没来上学，对吗？They havent been to the Great Wall, have they? 他们没有去过万里长城，是吗？Its not very cold today, is it? 今天天气不很冷， 是吗？Exercises:The teacher

24、had a word with you,_?A. didnt he B. hadnt he C. didnt have he D. did not he2. You wont take back what you said,_?A. didnt you B. will you C. arent you D. were you3. Lets go to watch the football match,_?A. do we B. dont we C. shall we D. will you 4. Your family has no colour TV set,_?A. hasnt it B.

25、 doesnt it C. is it D. does it5. Miss Liu doesnt like dancing, does she? -_A. No, she does B. No, she do C. Yes, she does D. Yes, she is 6. Theres something wrong with the radio, _? A. hasnt there B. doesnt there C. isnt there D. is there三祈使句表示命令，请求或建议，主语通常省略说话对象是第二人称时，主语you一般省略。肯定式：谓语是动词原形（+宾语）否定式:Dont/Never+动词原形+例如：Be quiet，please. 请安静Please come in. 请进Dont be afraid. 别害怕说话对象式第一第三人称时，用“Let+宾语+动词原形”，否定式用“Let+宾语+not+动词原形”，也可以“Dont +let +宾语+动词原形”。例如：Lets go to school. 我们去上学吧Let him not come in.=Dont let him come in. 别让他进来四感叹句表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情感叹句有what和how开头的两种