中考英语阅读理解的五大突破

1、中考英语阅读理解的五大突破1 突破细节把握事实的信息出处在阅读理解题中，细节理解占了很大比重。此类题可能针对文章中某个特定细节设计的，也可能是针对文章中若干个细节设计的，其目的是考查读者对事实的把握。因此，准确把握细节的信息源是关键，找出相关的信息句是正确理解的前提。细节理解题一般有三种情况：A细节在一个信息句中；B细节在多个信息句中；C细节隐含在信息句相关的词语中。例1 The water tap was leaking(漏水) again, and the noise was driving Cassie crazy. Cassie looked at her watch. It was

2、nearly nine oclock. She climbed out of bed and stood on a chair by the shelf. Her mothers Mr. Fix-It Book was on the top shelf. Cassie stepped down quietly. She read the book quickly until she found the page she was looking for, and then began to read carefully.* .Mr. Fix-It Book is probably a book

3、on how to _.A. train pets B. fall asleep C. fix things D. cook food注意：信息句：The water tap was leaking(漏水) again, Her mothers Mr. Fix-It Book was on the top shelf. She read the book quickly until she found the page she was looking for.由此得出C是答案。例2 Cassie worked late into the night. At one point, she tho

4、ught she was done. Oops! A small piece that she had forgotten still lay on the table. Slowly Cassie took the water tap apart(分开) one more time. This time she made sure everything was in place. She turned the water tap on and then off. Onetwothree She waited a full minute. There was no leak! Cassie s

5、miled and put the tools back into the box. Then she went back into bed.*.Cassie took the water tap apart again because_.A. she had forgotten one piece B. the tap was still leakingC. the cat had taken one piece away D. she hadnt understood the book注意：信息句：Oops! A small piece that she had forgotten sti

6、ll lay on the table. Slowly Cassie took the water tap apart(分开) one more time.由此可见答案A是对的。*The water tap wasnt fixed until_.A. nine oclock B. late that night C. the next morning D. the next afternoon注意：信息句：Cassie worked late into the night. There was no leak! Then she went back into bed. 由此得出B是正确的。关于

7、内容细节考查的经典题型有：Which word best describles Mary? 下面哪个词最佳形容了Mary？Whats the correct order of the following events? 什么是下列事件的正确顺序？Which of the following is not true? 下列哪种说法是不正确的？其他细节题主要通过what、where、how、when、why的问句来考查。2突破词句把握词句的逻辑关系阅读理解中，猜测词义题是针对阅读过程中碰到的不熟悉的词语设计的。此题型要求考生通过上下文阅读，根据已知信息，进行合理推断，准确把握某些特定词语的意义。这

8、类题的关键是突破上下文的暗示，把握词句的逻辑关系。一般它具有这么几种关系：A解释关系B因果关系C对比关系D转折关系E其他关系。例3 The event is organized by the World Wide Fund for Nature, also known as the WWF. The organizers say climate change is one of the greatest threats(威胁) facing wildlife and nature. They also say when it comes to save energy and money, bi

9、g changes start with small steps like turning out the lights. Now people are all joining together in a global effort to show that its possible to work on global warming. Earth Hour has brought about some new changes to our lives. People join in activities such as candle-lit dinners and star-gazing p

10、arties as a response to the call for going dark.*The underlined word “global” in the passage means “_”.A. 全球性的 B. 地域性的 C. 官方性的 D.海洋性的注意：上文The event is organized by the World Wide Fund for Nature，暗示这样活动是世界性的，因此此处答案就知道了。 例4 Towards the evening, there comes the grand finale of the opening day, an extre

11、mely exciting horserace. All the riders run very fast on horseback. Some riders hang off the side of their saddles. Some even ride upside down - their legs and feet straight up in the air - all at full speed. Others rush down the course together, men arm in arm, on different horses. On and on they w

12、ent. SO fast and so wonderful!* The underlined word finale in the fourth paragraph most probably means the _of the opening day.A. first part B. middle C. last part D. whole注意：Towards the evening, there comes the grand finale of the opening day, an extremely excitinghorserace.根据它们的因果关系，可以判断答案C为准确答案。考

13、查词意的经典题型有：In Paragraph 3, “_” probably means “_”.第三段中“大概的意思是“-”What does the underlined word“mean in the passage?文章中划线单词什么意思？The word “”refers to _. 单词“”意思是指_.。3 突破篇章把握语篇的中心思想阅读理解考查中常涉及文章主旨大意，这类题目要求考生概括和归纳文章或段落的中心思想。题型基本上有两种：A概括整个语篇的中心思想；B找出某个语段的主要意思。A类题需对语篇作层次结构分析，根据文体的特点，把握文章重点讲了什么，从而搞清语篇的主旨大意。B类题

14、侧重段落主题，只要找出主题句，段落中心思想就一目了然了。例5 The continent of Africa has a long history and a rich culture，and this is shown in traditional dressYou often find three coloursred，gold and greenin the clothingThe first colour stands for(象征)the blood of millions of people who suffered as slaves(奴隶)；the second is for

15、the rich resources(资源)of the African earth；and the third represents the grasslands of homeBecause clothing has a strong social meaning，people are very careful in choosing what to wearIt would be a serious mistake to wear the wrong clothing，or to wear clothes in the wrong way，For example，in Ghanaa wo

16、man should wear her waistband(腰带)differently according to the importance of the social eventTraditional dress also tells us about everyday lifeAfrican designs are famous for loose(宽松的)clothingTile climate，with the hot sun and wide temperature ranges(变化)，requires that the clothes are comfortable for

17、daily lifeAlthough many people wear Western clothes，particularly in the big cities in Africa，traditional African dress is very highly valuedThis is because it has deep cultural meanings*The passage is mainly about_Athe history of clothes in Africa Bmodern fashion styles in AfricaCthe meanings of tra

18、ditional dress in Africa Dthe materials used in traditional dress in Africa注意：文章第一节：这种历史和文化也反映在传统的衣着上。文章第二节：因为服装有着很强的社会意义，因此人们对穿什么很谨慎。文章第三节： 传统服饰也讲述着人们的日常生活。文章第四节：传统非洲服装评价很高，因为它富有深刻的文化意义。由此可见：本篇文章主要讲了非洲服饰的独特含义。因此C符合。如果选A，肯定会说到非洲服饰的起源、在各历史时期的演变，而文章并没有这样写。例6 The first Earth Hour was held in 2007 in Sy

19、dney, Australia when 2.2 million individuals(个体) and more than two thousand businesses turned their lights off for one hour to take a stand against climate change. Only a year later Earth Hour had grown into a global event with more than 50 million people across 35 countries and territories（行政区）part

20、icipating(参加). Global landmarks such as the Sydney Harbour Bridge, CN Tower in Toronto, Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, and Romes Colosseum, all stood in darkness, as symbols of hope for a cause that grows more urgent(紧急) by the hour. In March 2009, millions of people took part in the third Ear

21、th Hour. Over 4000 cities in 88 countries and territories have promised their official support for the event. On Saturday 27 March, Earth Hour 2010 became the biggest Earth Hour. A record said 128 countries and territories joined the global display of climate action.The event is organized by the Wor

22、ld Wide Fund for Nature, also known as the WWF. The organizers say climate change is one of the greatest threats(威胁) facing wildlife and nature. They also say when it comes to save energy and money, big changes start with small steps like turning out the lights. Now people are all joining together i

23、n a global effort to show that its possible to work on global warming. Earth Hour has brought about some new changes to our lives. People join in activities such as candle-lit dinners and star-gazing parties as a response to the call for going dark.This year , Earth Hour is asking people to take the

24、 next step and go beyond one hour. So if you havent done so, next year, late half past eight to half past nine, let us turn off the lights for one hour for the environment! Earth Hour is a call to stand up, to take responsibility(责任) and to get involved(与有关) in working towards a better future. Earth

25、 Hour is a message of hope and a message of action. Everyone can make a difference. *Whats the main idea of the passage?A. The climate change is one of the greatest threats facing wild life and nature.B. Everyone can make a difference.C. Earth Hour has brought about some new changes to our lives.D.

26、Tell the source(起源) of Earth Hour and its importance.注意：P1：地球1小时2007首起澳洲悉尼，220万人和2000多家公司熄灯1小时，坚定反对气候变化。P2 ：这个事件由世界自然基金会组织。P3：今年地球1小时号召更进一步，熄灯超过1小时。由此可见：D符合文章中心思想。考查文章大意的经典题型如下：The main idea of this passsage is _. The passage mainly tells us _. What is the paasage mainly about? What is the best titl

27、e of the paasage?4突破情感把握作者的隐含意思阅读理解“既要理解字面的意思，也要理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等。”作者往往把自己的观点隐含在字里行间。因此阅读时应细心领悟作者的写作目的、立场态度、思想倾向，根据已知信息，合理判断、正确推理。例7 He wishes the holiday season would end already . His back aches , his red suit feels like a spacesuit , his cheeks have gone tight from smiling for 12 hours and still

28、 the kids keep coming and coming , like ants at a picnic . As Christmas becomes more commercialized (商业化) across the U. S. and Canada , so must Santas . As the holiday begins earlier each year , so must its spokesmen .The questions from children these days are harder than ever . Now, with thousands

29、of children expecting a father or mother serving in Iraq or Afghanistan , the questions are as heart-breaking as they are unanswerable . For example , “Can you please bring Daddy home from the war in time for Christmas morning ?”Santas also have a pretty good chance of getting sued (指控). A professio

30、nal Santa Claus in Canada told a story : A Santa had a girl on his knee , and he commented , “You have nice eyes and nice hair .” The girl later said it was sexual harassment (骚扰) . When a Santa feels anxious , he often shows it in the same ways ordinary people do : The Santas were always seen to ha

31、ng around at the dinner table when the show ended . Many of them just sleep in bed for several days and dont see other children again .*The passage implies that the job of Santa Claus is .A. well-paid B. very hard C. worth doing D. dangerous信息句：1 He wishes the holiday season would end already2 The q

32、uestions from children these days are harder than ever3 Santas also have a pretty good chance of getting sued (指控推理结论：由此可见，圣诞老人的活儿不好过。B. very hard例8 It was clear that he had already used all the money he had and he was $ 8.00 short. The lady in front of me said, “Well, I could pay half of that. “I t

33、old the boy that I could pay the other half. We dug into our handbags. However, both of us only had ten-dollar bills(纸币) and we needed the cashier to get the change for us. Other shoppers began digging into their pockets to find some change. It was amazing and touching(令人感动的) as all these strangers

34、seemed to react(反应) with the same mind. All wanted to be of help. Within minutes the cashier said, “I have too much money.” The cashier didnt need our ten-dollar bills. Then the lady in front of me, who had been the first to offer help, said, “Wait! I didnt even get a chance to give anything!”*Why d

35、id the writer and the woman both feel glad?A. Because the boy had saved some money.B. Because they both didnt need to give anything.C. Because the cashier didnt look down on the boy.D. Because all the shoppers around were willing to help the boy.注意：The lady in front of me said, “Well, I could pay ha

36、lf of that.Other shoppers began digging into their pockets to find some change.All wanted to be of help.由此得出D是正确的。考查此类的题型有：The writer.s main thought is that _. The writer feels that _. We can learn from this passage that _. We can conclude that _.5 突破信息学会浏览文章检索信息我们每天都要遇到大量的信息，如何在大量的信息中拾取对自己有用的信息，也是一

37、种阅读能力。因而中考英语阅读理解题中常设置这样的题型，或一则广告、或一张海报、或一个课程表、或一个表格。此题要求考生快速浏览，找到切合题意的主要信息。这种题型比较简单，做的时候首先大致浏览一下材料的大概，不必都懂，其次认真阅读题干，然后去文章中寻找。例9 下面是吉林长春之间的快车时刻表，请根据表内信息选择答案。Train number From To Start ArriveT272 Jilin Changchun 17:56 20:05K666 Jilin Changchun 14:20 16:25K958 Jilin Changchun 06:45 08:48K656 Jilin Chan

38、gchun 16:22 18:35K676 Jilin Changchun 04:18 06:25T271 Changchun Jilin 05:29 07:34K665 Changchun Jilin 11:21 13:36K957 Changchun Jilin 16:40 18:45K655 Changchun Jilin 10:05 12:07K675 Changchun Jilin 21:00 22:5711.Here are _ of trains going between the two cities every day.Afive pairs Bten pairs Cfift

39、een D two pairs12. If you want to get the earliest train to Changchun, you should take _ train.AK958 B. K656 CK676 D K65513The first train from Changchun arrives in Jilin at .A07:34 B08:48 C05:29 D 12:0714You are in Changchun now. Which train do you have to catch if you want to stay in Changchun as

40、long as possible?AK957 BK655 CK675 D T 27115Its 10 to 2 p.m. If you are going to send a bag to the Changchun RailwayStation and get the return train in only a few minutes, when will you arrive in Jilin?A16:25 B18:35 C18:45注意：此类题目关键在于寻找适合的信息。四 动词填空1 先看下面几个句子：我昨天看了一场电影，我明天还要看一场电影，我已经看了10场电影了。I saw a f

41、ilm yesterday. Tomorrow I am gong to see a film.So far, I have seen 10 films.有人说英语是动词和介词的语言，此话一点不假。中国人学英语很大程度上就是花时间熟悉英文动词的用法、动词和介词的搭配。中文是增加修饰词来说明语义的，英文常采用词的变化形式来反映语义的，这就形成了中西文的巨大差异，让中国人感觉头疼。上面的句子里中文的“看”英文用了三种形式，这就是英文的时态。动词填空就是要正确掌握动词的在具体情景中的正确表达形式。2 两种类别、四个问题动词填空有两种类别：1）谓语动词的时态、语态；2）非谓语动词的形式。请看几个句子：

42、A :The speech in the park _(not start) until the rain stops.B: The millionaire was kidnapped, and later he _(find) in a lonely house.C: These days we are busy _(get) ready for the oral English test.注意：句A、B要填谓语动词形式，谓语动词先考虑主“动还是被动”，然后考虑8种时态形式中的哪种。句C 是考查非谓语形式，初中英语非谓语形式主要考两种：to do或者doing.,这要看具体结构，这里应合一个

43、固定结构be busy doing sth.要判断一个动词的形式，请记住四个问题：1 谓语还是非谓语？2 主动还是被动？3 什么时间发生的？4 有啥要注意？当然各种时态形式你要牢记哦。3 如何正确填写动词形式1） 谓语动词的时态和语态A ：根据时间短语判断，确定谓语动词时态。如：In the old days ,the working people in the country _(look ) down on.注意：主语the working people 和动词look down on 属于被动关系，这里时间短语in the old days 告诉我们应该用一般过去时。因此此动词形式应为：

44、were looked.应特别注意下面的时间短语：in the past few years, at the end of, by the end of ,usually。B：根据从句时间判断，推理谓语动词的时态。The speech in the park _(not start) until the rain stops.注意：时间状语从句until the rain stops告诉我们它是一个将来时间，因此谓语应该用将来时。又因为start一般不用被动，因此应该填will not start;wont start。应特别关注宾语从句、状语从句中的时间。 C：根据上下文进行判断，把握谓语动

45、的时态。Jack told me that they _(return) to the USA from Shanghai by the end of next November.注意：by the end of next November 到下个十一月底为止应该是完成时，然前面有个told，限定了时间应该是过去将来时，因为初中8种时态没有引入过去将来完成时would have returned ,因此此句就用would return 就可。 D： 根据特殊句型判断，填入固定时态形式。While I _ (prepare) for the dinner, the telephone rang.

46、注意：英文中有一个特殊结构：whenwhile sb was doing sth, sth did.或者Sth did when、while sb was doing sth.中文意思：某人正在做某事时突然某事发生了。还有一个句型也常考查sb was about to do sth when sth did、S +waswere just doing sth when sth. did“某人正要做某事突然某事发生了”.由此你可以知道上面该填什么形式了。2） 非谓语形式的填空 to do doingE： 采用不定式to do 形式Students cant be made _(study) al

47、l day. They need more free time._(get)there on time,we started early in the morning.注意： to do 表示目的，因此上题用To get；某些结构后面只能用不定式。如：be made to do ,be seen to do ,have to do ,have no choice but to do ,afford to do,pretend to do, ask sb to do,refuse to do ,used to do 等。F：采用doing形式These days we are busy _(ge

48、t) ready for the oral English test.I dont think Aunt Wu would mind_(take) care of our children while we are away.注意：某些结构中只能用doing，因此上面2题，只能用getting和taking。此类结构有 have difficulty in doing , have trouble doing, devote onself to doing,look forward to doing,be used to doing ,have great fun doing ,be agai

49、nst doing ,go on doing ,practise doing , suggest doing，cant help doing等。G：采用动词原形He could do nothing but _(walk) home.注意：有些结构只能用动词原形。如：do nothing but do sth ,see sb do sth ,make sb do sth .3) 某些特殊陷阱的情景。某些动词考题按常规判断，应该用某种形式，然里面设置了具体情境，需要特别注意。如We should do what we can_(prevent)people from polluting the

50、environment.此题别给can 迷惑，它是考do what sb can to do sth 结构。The book he devoted all his time to _(come) out at last.此题容易上devote to doing sth的当，这里devote all his time to 修饰the book，考的是谓语时态。 I bought this watch here yesterday, but it _( not work).此题考的是work的特殊用法。表示起“作用”，不用被动，正确形式填 doesnt work.有一组动词常和well, eas

51、ily, badly连用，用来表达事物的特点，有被动意思，却常常用主动形式。如：My car drives easily.我的车很好驾驶。This dress washes better.这衣服较好洗。The book sells well.这书很畅销。This kind of pens write smoothly.这种笔写起来流畅。The knife of mine cuts well.我这把刀很好使。The stick tears easily.这种棒容易折断。 A moment please.I m checking if Mr Smith _(be) free tomorrow. 此

52、题考生容易误解考的是条件状语从句，因此会用is，其实它考的是宾语从句，这里if表示“是否”，不是“假如”，因此应该用 will be。（原创）2011中考英语考前指导 5五 书面表达流畅的六个关键英文书面表达是反映一个考生英语综合水平的一道考题。这道题的考查核心是表达准确、用词用句得当。和语文作文不同，语文作文讲究立意、布局和文采，而英文书面表达在于传递正确的信息，某种意义上说，英文书面表达还处于汉译英和适度想象结合的水平。如何写好英语书面表达，考生应该注意书面表达的6个关键。关键1 选择正确的表达格式英语书面表达的内容，无外乎这么几类：1）邮件、书信、留言； 2）发言稿、介绍、口头通知；3）

53、报道、说明、短文。写书面表达时，要知道写何种内容，用何种格式。中考试卷有的命题人已经在试题中设置了格式，有的需要你自己写出既定的格式。一般说来，邮件书信类格式如下：A Dear Editor,_ Yours, Li MingBDear Mary,_ Yours, Tom发言稿、口头通知、口头介绍格式如下：C Ladies and gentlemen, (Boys and girls,)Attention,please.(May I have your attention,please?) _. Thats all,thank you.D Good afternoon,everyone! It

54、is a great honour for me to make a speech here.报道、短文、说明格式如下：E Li Hua is one of the students in my class._.F Earth hour_.注意：试卷中有格式就可以直接写正文，如果没有就需要添加格式。关键2 研读表达要点英语书面表达都附有表达要点，考试应该仔细研读，在表达中一个点也不能漏掉。特别要注意题中附加的参考词语，表达时要巧妙的用进去。要点提示有三种形式 1)文字提示；2）表格提示。3）图画提示。如：例1 安徽黄山被联合国教科文组织定为世界自然文化遗产。假设外国友人到你校参观后，准备去那里

55、旅游。请你根据以下要点向外国朋友简单介绍黄山(the Yellow Mountain)。1. 位于安徽南部，是中国著名的旅游胜地。每年有大批中外游客前去旅游观光。2. 乘汽车去大约要花个小时；也可以乘火车或飞机去。3. 登山便可领略其云海(the sea of clouds)、奇松(wondrous pines)、怪石(unique rocks)等秀丽的风景及清晨美丽的日出。注意：1. 字数 80 词左右。 2. 请不要逐字翻译。例2 Mike 是你班的一位澳大利亚的同学。他患了感冒，去药店买来一盒药，向你询问服药的方法。请你根据药品说明，向 Mike 解释，并告诉他如何预防感冒。(词数：不少于80个；给出的首句不计入总词数)服 用 说 明【适应症】适用于感冒引起的咳嗽、头疼等症状。【用法与用量】饭前口服。一次12片，一天3次，疗程35天。【不良反应】偶有瞌睡感。【禁忌】服药期间忌鱼、酒、辛辣食品。 例3 看图作文根据图示，写一篇80词左右的短文。要求故事完整，句子通顺，内容与图片相符。注意：看图作文一般每个画面写上2-3句话就可，把所有画面连接起来成文。 关键 3 找出核心词语 书面表达写作前，在研读提示要点的基础上，仔细划出相应的词语，选择正确的英文表达方式。例4 李竹月是英语科代表，英语教师要求她用英语发表一个口头通知，内容是周一下午3