Men and Women

1、Men and WomenUNIT71Men & WomenReading Warm-upLanguage in UseProject Culture TipsHomework 2Warm-upWatch the video and answer thefollowing questions:How many differences does it describe between men and women? What are they?2. Do you think its a stereotype?BACK3ReadingPre-reading TasksReading Comprehe

2、nsionAfter-reading TasksBACK4Pre-readingDiscuss:1. Who do you think are more talkative? Men or women? Why? 2. Do you agree that silence is a quality of men and talkativeness is a feature of women? BACK5The Mythical Chat Gap 1 First, let me clear up one small fact: Matthias is married. This will come

3、 as a shock to some of the men who e-mailed the psychologist after reading his research showing that men and women are equally talkative. 2 These men dismissed his work with a wave of the ring-bearing hand. “Clearly, you arent married,” they wrote. “Im married, and let me tell you that women do talk

4、 more.” 3 Pity poor Matthias. By disproving the notion that women were the chatty species, the University of Arizona researcher had thrown science up against stereotypes. Hed put mere maths up against myth.Comprehension6 4 This story began as an attempt to put a number on the chat gap between men an

5、d women. One pop psychologist after another claimed a gap of immense proportions. They said that women used 20,000 words per day to mens 7,000. And James Dobson even claimed that God gave women 50,000 words a day and gave men a mere 25,000. 5 But Matthias decided to actually count. For the first tim

6、e, some 400 college students were equipped with recording devices. It turned out, both men and women use roughly 16,000 words a day. By contrast, the range among individuals was huge. The Chattiest Carl used 47,000 words and the Silentest Sam used 700.Comprehension7 6 Matthias may have been the firs

7、t who actually counted, but he was by no means the first to challenge the chat gap. A survey of 70 prior studies of men and women is about to be published by University of California. This survey made by psychologist Campbell Leaper also shows no consistent gap in talkativeness. 7 Now lets acknowled

8、ge that there is a difference between the quantity and quality of words. Leaper notes that in some of the studies he reviewed, men were more likely to talk among strangers than were women, and mothers more likely to talk with their children than were fathers. If the subject was impersonal or problem

9、-solving, men took up more of the airwaves. If it was personal, women did.Comprehension8 8 But in every situation, our similarities are far greater than the differences. 9 Researchers have been exposing the notion that men and women are the extremely opposite sexes since Helen Thompson Woolley first

10、 reviewed the gender research. That was in 1914. Even then, Woolley said, “The scientific evidence plays very little part in producing convictions.”Comprehension9 10 Almost a century later, mens and womens lives are more alike than ever before. But we seem to have taken old stereotypes as the new th

11、ing. The tale is in the book titles: Why Men Dont Listen and Women Cant Read Maps. Men Are Clams, Women Are Crowbars. Why Men Dont Iron.” And, of course, Sperm Are from Men, Eggs Are from Women. 11 The chat gap is persistent in peoples mind. In public life, its easy to tag any woman who speaks up as

12、 speaking too much. In private life, wives are supposed to accept silence as masculine. “Men can go home and not talk to their wives,” says Leaper. “Its teaching wives to accept that hes a cave man at heart.”Comprehension10 12 So here we go, once more into the numbers of Matthias. They support the m

13、uch less marketable truth about men and women that psychologist Janet Hyde describes this way: “Men are from North Dakota and women are from South Dakota.” 13 I have no idea how long the math will trump the myth. But for now, Matthias has given us something to talk about: at around 16,000 words per

14、day per manand per woman. Now, is anybody out there studying how much we listen?ComprehensionBACK11ComprehensionBACKWords & Expressions1. clear up to explain or solve sth. 消除对某事的疑虑，解决某事 e.g. His appearance cleared up the misunderstanding.12ComprehensionBACK2. dismiss v. to refuse to consider someone

15、s idea, opinion, etc., without thinking carefully about it 对某事不予理会或不屑一提 e.g. The committee dismissed his suggestion.13ComprehensionBACK3. disprove v. to prove (sth.) to be false 证明（某事物）有误或有假 e.g. The allegations have been completely disproved.14ComprehensionBACK4. throw up (1) to make sth. rise in t

16、he air e.g. The crowd cheered and threw their hats up in the air. (2) bring sth. to notice 使某事物引起注意 e.g. Her research has thrown up some interesting facts.15ComprehensionBACK5. put up to state (a position in an argument); present (an idea, etc.) for discussion or consideration 提出（意见等）供讨论或考虑 e.g. Wha

17、t argument do you have to put up against that? 16ComprehensionBACK6. turn out to have a particular result, especially one that you did not expect 结果是 e.g. The job turned out to be harder than we thought. 17ComprehensionBACK7. by no means/not by any means not at all 绝不，一点都不 e.g. Shes by no means poor

18、; in fact, shes quite rich. 18ComprehensionBACK8. conviction n. a strong opinion or belief 坚定的看法或信仰 e.g. Its my conviction that complacency is at the root of our troubles. 19ComprehensionBACK9. persistent adj. continuing to exist, happen, or appear for a long time 持续出现的，一再发生的 e.g. Despite persistent

19、 denials, the rumor continued to spread. 20ComprehensionBACK10. tag v. to give someone or sth. a name or title, to describe them in a particular way 给贴标签；把称作 e.g. The country no longer wants to be tagged as a Third World nation. 21ComprehensionBACK11. speak up to say sth., especially to express your

20、 opinion e.g. Its time to speak up for those who are suffering injustice. 22ComprehensionBACK12. at heart if you are a particular kind of person at heart, that is the kind of person that you really are e.g. Im a country girl at heart. 23ComprehensionBACK13. trump v. to do better than someone else in

21、 a situation when people are competing with each other 超过，胜出，打赢 e.g. They were trumped by the national tennis team.24Comprehension 1 首先，让我来澄清一个小小的事实：心理学家马蒂亚斯已婚。这对很多读完他有关男人和女人同样健谈的研究结果之后给他发电子邮件的男士来说可能非常意外。 2 这些男士挥摆着戴着婚戒的手对他的研究结果表示异议。“很显然你还没有结婚，”他们写道，“我结婚了，让我来告诉你，女人确实更能说。” 3 可怜的马蒂亚斯！为了驳斥女人比男人更爱说话的观点，这

22、位来自亚利桑那州立大学的研究者用科学来对抗陈旧观念，拿数据来挑战传统说法。女人真的比男人健谈吗？BACK25Comprehension 4 事情起源于一次对男人和女人究竟谁更加健谈进行定量研究的尝试。一位又一位的心理学家声称男人和女人在这方面存在很大的差距。他们说女人每天使用20,000个词，而男人只用7,000个词。詹姆斯 杜伯森甚至声称，上帝给女人每天50,000个词，而给男人仅5,000 个词。 5 但是马蒂亚斯决定真正数一数。他给400名大学生佩带了录音设备，这种事情还是头一次。结果是，男人和女人都是每天大约使用16,000个单词。与此相对，不同个体之间说话的量也存在很大的差异。最能聊

23、的卡尔用了47,000个词，而最沉默的山姆仅使了700个词。BACK26Comprehension 6 马蒂亚斯也许是第一个真正数的人，但他绝不是第一个对男女健谈程度差距提出质疑挑战的人。加利福尼亚大学即将出版一份调查报告，该报告对过去70项关于男性和女性的研究进行分析。这份由心理学家坎贝尔 里坡做的调查报告也显示男女的健谈程度并非总是存在差异。 7 我们承认男人和女人在聊天时所用的词汇在质量和数量上都有区别。里坡发现，在他所考察的文献中，男人比女人更容易在有陌生人的场合中开口说话，母亲比父亲更容易跟孩子讲话。在讨论客观的、与解决问题相关的话题时，男人说的话更多；而在讨论与个人有关的话题时，女

24、人则说话更多。BACK27Comprehension 8 但是在各种情况下，男女之间的相似性远大于差异性。 9 自从1914年海伦 汤普森 伍莱首次对性别研究进行综述之后，研究者不停地提出男人和女人是完全不同的两类人这一观点。即使在那个时候，伍莱也说道，“科学证据很难说服人们。”BACK28Comprehension 10 近一个世纪过去了，男人和女人的生活比以往任何时候都更为相似。但人们似乎将男女不同这一传统观念视为新事物。很多书名都可以证明这一点，例如为什么男人不会倾听，女人不会读地图，女人是蚌，男人是铁撬，为何男人不熨衣服，当然还有精子来自男人，卵子来自女人。 11 长期以来， 女人比男

25、人更爱说话的观点在人们脑中根深蒂固。在社会生活中，人们很容易给大声说话的女人贴上话多的标签。在家庭生活中，妻子似乎就应当接受她丈夫的沉默，并把他的寡言当成其男性的体现。“男人回家之后可以不跟妻子讲话，” 里坡说道，“这是教育妻子们接受这样一个事实：男人本质上都是野蛮的。”BACK29Comprehension 12 现在我们再回到马蒂亚斯提供的数据上。这些数据支持了心理学家珍妮特 海德提出的关于男女的观点：“男人来自北达科他州，女人来自南达科他州。”但这一观点不甚流行。 13 我不知道需要经过多长时间数据支撑的事实才能战胜陈旧的观念。但是，目前马蒂亚斯给了我们一些值得讨论的东西：每个男人和每个

26、女人每天大约都使用16,000个单词。那么现在，是否有人站出来研究一下我们每天究竟倾听多少呢？BACK30After-readingBoys and girls tend to have different hobbies. In what ways do you think their hobbies differ? What do you think are the possible reasons for the differences?BACK31Language in UseGrammar DevelopmentVocabulary BuildingBACK32Emotional E

27、mphasisGrammarBeing used for communication between people, English Language often expresses the emotions and attitudes of the speaker and it is often used to influence the attitudes and behavior of the hearer. 33GrammarThere are many ways of giving emotional emphasis:1. Interjections: InterjectionMe

28、aningExampleahexpressing pleasure Ah, that feels good. expressing realization Ah, now I understand. expressing resignation Ah well, it cant be hoped. expressing surprise Ah! Ive won! alasexpressing grief or pity Alas, shes dead now. dearexpressing pity Oh dear! Does it hurt? expressing surprise Dear

29、 me! Thats a surprise! 34GrammarInterjectionMeaningExampleehasking for repetitionIts hot today. Eh? I said its hot today.expressing enquiryWhat do you think of that, eh?expressing surpriseEh! Really?inviting agreementLets go, eh?erexpressing hesitationLima is the capital of erPeru. helloexpressing g

30、reetingHello John. How are you today?expressing surprise Hello! My cars gone!35GrammarInterjectionMeaningExampleheycalling attentionHey! look at that!expressing surprise, joy etcHey! What a good idea!hiexpressing greetingHi! Whats new?hmmexpressing hesitation, doubt or disagreementHmm. Im not so sur

31、e.“ohexpressing surpriseOh! Youre here!expressing painOh! Ive got a toothache.expressing pleadingOh, please say yes!ouchexpressing painOuch! That hurts!36GrammarInterjectionMeaningExampleuhexpressing hesitationUh.I dont know the answer to that.uh-huhexpressing agreementShall we go? Uh-huh.um, ummexp

32、ressing hesitation85 divided by 5 is.um.17.wellexpressing surpriseWell I never!introducing a remarkWell, what did he say?37Grammar2. Exclamatory Sentences: 感叹词（以及副词、形容词）表示的感叹句： Alas! 哎呀! Oh! 啊!哦!哎哟! Well! 好啦! Why! 什么（话）！嗯！岂有此理！好好！ Excellent! 好极了！ 短语表示的感叹句： Dearme! 哎呀！ GreatHeavens! 天哪！ Mygoodness! 嗳

33、呀！ Noneofyournonsense! 不要胡扯了！ 38Grammar 从句表示的感叹句： (1) As if it were my fault! 好像是我的过错似的! (2) To think a scandal of this sort should be going on under my roof! 真想不到这种丑事竟然出在我 们家里! 表语表示的感叹句： (1) Just my luck! 唉，又倒霉了! (2) Sorry，my mistake! 对不起，是我的错!39Grammar How用于感叹句的几种句型： How形容词 Howlovely! 多可爱啊! Hownic

34、e! 多好啊! Howkindofyou! 您好客气! How形容词主语谓语 Howtallsheis! 她个子多高啊! Howfondhewasofit! 他多么喜欢它啊! How副词主语谓语 HowwellGeorgewrites! 乔治写得多好啊! Howbeautifullyshesings! 她唱歌唱得多美啊! 40Grammar How主语谓语 Howheran! 他跑得多快啊! Howtheyshout! 他们叫喊得多厉害呀! How形容词（名词）谓语主语 (1) Howstrangeandimpressivewaslife! 人生是多么奇妙 动人啊! (2) Howprecis

35、eandthoroughareherobservations! 她的观察是多么准确和透彻啊! (3) ForhowmanyyearshaveIwaited! 我等了多少年呀! 41Grammar What用于感叹句的几种句型： Whata/an/the名词 Whatafool! 真是个傻瓜! Whatapity! 真是遗憾! Whattheheck/dickens!（你讲的）什么玩意啊! What名词 Whatluck! 多幸运啊! Whatfun! 多么好玩啊! 42Grammar What（a/an）形容词名词 Whatfunnystories! 多么好笑的故事! Whatterrible

36、luck! 太不走运了! Whatarottenday! 多倒霉的一天! Whata/an形容词名词（主语）谓语 Whatanenormouscrowdcame! 来了多么大的一群人呀! What名词主语谓语 Whatlovelyflowersthoseare! 那些花多美啊! BACK43VocabularyCompound Words (4)problemsolvingproblem-solvingnounV-ingadjective compound44Vocabulary1. What are the meanings of the following words? You may u

37、se a dictionary for help.earthshaking peacekeeping record-breaking fine-sounding soft-feeling far-reaching well-being easygoing45Vocabulary2. Complete the sentences using the words in Exercise 1.earthshaking, peacekeeping, record-breaking, fine-sounding, soft-feeling, far-reaching, well-being, easyg

38、oing1. The villagers are enjoying and contentment.2. The earthquake was a destroy to the place.3. The reform and opening-up policy had a q influence on Chinas economic development.4. changes have taken place since 1978.5. UN forces have played an important role in this area.6. Mary is an girl. Youll

39、 be friends with her soon.7. The dress is made of material.8. Not all girls love words. well-beingrecord-breakingfar-reachingEarthshaking peacekeepingeasygoingsoft-feelingfine-soundingBACK46ProjectHow different are boys and girls in learning English?It is found that boys and girls tend to use differ

40、ent strategies in learning English. Do a class survey and see how different they are. You may follow the following steps:47ProjectStep 1Work in groups. Each member of your group should interview at least five boy students and five girl students from your own or other classes (Remember each student s

41、hould be interviewed only once), and make a list of about 10 pieces of information about the way each student learns English. Return to your group and put all the information together. List different learning strategies used by boys and girls. Select five common ways for each. Step 248ProjectStep 3P

42、resent your report to the whole class, and see how different your research findings are from those of other groups.Step 4Write a report about the differences between the strategies used by boys and girls.BACK49Culture TipsWhy do women live longer than men?50Culture Tips51Culture Tips52Culture Tips?A

43、cross the industrialized world, women still live 5 to 10 years longer than men. Among people over 100 years old, 85% are women, according to Tom Perls, founder of the New England Centenarian Study at Boston University and creator of the website . One important reason is that women develop cardiovascular disease, like heart attack and stroke, usually in their 70s and 80s, about 10 years later than men, who develop them in their 50s and 60s. 53?Another more complicated possi