[名校联盟]河南省长垣县第十中学高考七选五解题策略——理清句际关系、把握语脉

1、高考七选五解题策略高考七选五解题策略理清句际关系、把握语脉理清句际关系、把握语脉教学背景 河南省高考英语试卷于2011年采用全国新课标试卷，这套试卷与之前的最大不同在于新增了七选五模式的阅读填空，要求从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。此类试题的特点是文中的句与句之间存在着严密的逻辑联系，所设的空白处与前后句之间有着某种逻辑联系，需要考生对字里行间的含义有深刻的理解。这类题目的解答，简单的可以通过某句或某段细节进行推理，而复杂的常要求在全文的内容或结构的基础上进行概括并推理。对考生而言这是一道偏难的题目。教学设计教学思路：按照思维的逻辑，从句子，段落再到篇章顺序

2、，有易向难推进。帮助学生体验归纳语句逻辑关系，尝试使用句际关系选出最佳选项。课堂活动以学生个体阅读体验、分组讨论及相互讨论为主。借助PPT展示句际关系，推理依据，推理过程及推理结果。组卷网 教学目标： 通过这一节40分钟的课帮助学生 （1）体验归纳句际关系 （2）将体验归纳的句际关系在阅读实践中运用。 教学重点： （1）体验归纳句际关系（2）句际关系在阅读实践中的运用。 教学难点： 引导学生运用句际关系解答七选五。教学过程 Lead-in Use questions lead students to think about the relations between sentences. Do

3、 we speak logically? When some one make a speech , is it necessary to be logically?Think about ：句子与句子之间的关系有哪些？Relations between sentences如何理清句际关系？解释关系解释关系是指后面的句子对前面的句子作解释（是什么？怎么做？）、引申（有本意引出新意）、例证（举例说明）、是意思更加明了，具体。 如: what are you interested in? Pets ,clothes ,Pop music, or dancing groups ,sports ,ma

4、king things? 顺序关系顺序关系指各句子只能按事物发展的过程有先而后的顺序排列，不可随意改变次序，通常出现于记叙文或描述固定的操作程序的说明文中。 如：Next you need some friends to be in your club with you . Then , you need to pick a name for your club.常用的连接词有：first, next , then two years ago ,later, after that finally etc. 平列关系平列关系指句与句之间处于平等并列的地位，互不相属，而只是组合在一起共同说明一个问

5、题，可以改变次序。 如：the first coins in England were made of tin. Sweden and Russia used copper to make their money. 常见的连接词有first，second third firstly secondly thirdly for one thing for another,etc.递进关系递进关系是一种固定的顺序关系，但又不同于顺序关系，它是按语义的轻重认识的深浅做由轻到重、由浅入深的排列。 如：Spend a few minutes each day thinking about the thin

6、gs that make you happy .It is also important to take some time each day to do something nice for yourself.常用的连接词有：also, further, further more, besides, in addition , whats more , not only.but also, etc.因果关系因果关系是指句与句之间存在前因后果或前果后因的关系。 如：Once a habit is formed , it is difficult , and sometimes impossib

7、le , to get rid of . It is therefore very important that we should pay great attention to the formation of habits.常见的连接词有，so ,because , since , as a result, therefore, hence, thus , consequently, etc. 转折关系转折关系是指句与句之间存在意义的转折，通常表达对比或对照的意思。 如：Most of the money today is made of metal or paper. But peopl

8、e used to use all kinds of things as money. 常用的连接词有：however， but , yet , nevertheless, still, whatever, whoever , whereas, on the contrary, by contrast, in comparison, instead , otherwise, etc.总分关系总分关系是指前面的句子陈述两个或两个以上的对象，后面的句子紧接着分别对它们加以说明。 如：Different countries have used different metals and designs

9、 for their money. The first coins in England were made of tin. Sweden and Russia used copper to make their money .第二三句与第一句之间构成总分关系。 注意事项：注意事项：各个句子之间有时可以包含一种以上的句际关系，比如，总分关系也是一种解释关系，递进关系也是一种顺序关系。分析句际关系分析句际关系（一）分析以下七组句子之间的关系（一）分析以下七组句子之间的关系 1. Later the information was translated into the action memory

10、 area in the bears brain . Then it was released by means of electric power._关系 2. When the length of its branch , the Missouri, is added to it , the Mississippi becomes greater. Therefore , as we all know , it is the third longest river in the world. _关系 3. Data can make our life easier and more com

11、fortable .What is more important ,data seem to be fairer than words or statements ._关系 4. And it will not be owned by one individual. Instead, we will have a choice of cars and change them as frequently as we change our clothing. _关系 5. There are many things in our life which cannot be measured by d

12、ata . For example , the degree of your feeling happy in your life , the depth of love between you and your friends ,and the faith you have in your country._关系 6. They label these in different ways. On the Fahrenheit scale water freezes at 32 degrees and boils at 212 degrees . On the Celsius scale wa

13、ter freezes at zero degrees and boils at 100 degrees ._关系。 7. They speak French , mixed with English , Indian, Spanish and Negro idioms . They keep to themselves , fanning the rich soil of the delta _关系。（二）分析以下语篇，理清句际（二）分析以下语篇，理清句际关系关系 （1）Taking good notes is a time saving skill that will help you t

14、o become a better student in several ways. (2) First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it. (3) Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. (4) Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time

15、and helps you to hold your interest. (5) You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a text book or doing research for a report. (6) You will also want to develop your own method for taking notes . (7) Whenever or however you take notes , keep in mind that note-taking

16、is a selective process. (8) That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes. (9) The following methods may work best for you. (10) Read the text quickly and find the main facts and ideas in it. (11) Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main poi

17、nts and supporting facts. (12) Write your notes in your own words. (13) Use words ,not complete sentences. (14) Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written. (15) As you take notes , you may want to use your own shorthand(速记). (16) When you do ,be sure that you understand your symbols and that you us