美国文学Henry James

1、1.A psychological novel, also called psychological realism, is a work of fiction which places more than the usual amount of emphasis on interior characterization, and on the motives, circumstances, and internal action which springs from, and develops, external action. 2. The psychological novel is n

2、ot content to state what happens but goes on to explain the motivation of this action. 3.In this type of writing character and characterization are more than usually important, and they often delve deeper into the mind of a character than novels of other genres. The psychological novel can be called

3、 a novel of the inner man, so to say. 4. The stream of consciousness technique, as well as interior monologues, may be employed to better illustrate the inner workings of the human mind at work. 1843 , born in New York City 1853 , studying with tutors 1862, attending Harvard Law SchoolBut I preferre

4、d literature to law1881 The Portrait Of A Lady 贵妇人的肖像 1905 visiting America 1906 1910 revising many of his tales and novels 1915 suffering a stroke 1916 He died three months later Stage 1.(18651881) 1.creating“ the international novel” (国际小说)and “international theme”（国际题材） 2. focusing on the differe

5、nce between new America and old EuropeWorks: Daisy Miller 黛西密勒 The Portrait Of A Lady 贵妇人的肖像 Stage 2.(18821895) focusing on a certain aspect of social issues Examples: The Bostonians波士顿人 The Princess Casamassima 卡萨玛西玛公主showing his political conservatismStage 3.(18951916) 1. In the 5 early years, wri

6、ting some medium-length novels and stories about young generation Example: The Turn of The Screw拧螺丝 2. In the later years, paying more attention to the psychological analysisExample: The Ambassadors专使 Questions:Who is Isabel? What kind of girl is she?What is Isabels view on marriage?What were women

7、expected to do or not to do in U.S. at the story time? How about in U.K.?What did women in general expect themselves to achieve?What was Isabels expectation of herself?Isabel thought that the English were conventional compared with the Americans, in what aspects?Do you think the Americans at that ti

8、me conventional in your perspective?What does the conflict between Isabel and her aunt at the end of chapter 7 represent? Why didnt Isabel insist on staying up late? What does this suggest about her character? Compare the way of presentation of this novel with that of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. O

9、r how do you feel when you are reading the two? What caused the difference?What are the narrators doing respectively?Showing vs telling + motive explainingShowing-to write in a manner that allows the reader to experience the story through a characters action, words, thoughts, senses, and feelings ra

10、ther than through the narrators exposition, summarization, and description. The advice is not to be heavy-handed, but to allow issues to emerge from the text instead, and applies to non-fiction writing too. examples telling: She went home in a bad mood. What kind of a bad mood? How did she act or lo

11、ok? showing: She stomped(重踏 ) home, hands jammed(塞进 ) in her pockets, angrily kicking rocks, dogs, small children, and anything else that crossed her path. telling: My neighbor bought a really nice old desk. Why nice? How old? What kind of desk? showing: My neighbor bought a solid oak, roll-top desk

12、 made in 1885 that contains a secret drawer triggered by a hidden spring. Vague: He was an attractive man. Attractive in what ways - his appearance, personality, or both? Can you picture him from reading this sentence? Specific: He had Paul Newmans eyes, Robert Redfords smile, Sylvester Stallones body, and Bill Gatess money. My boyfriend/girlfriend acted like a jerk. She wears