高考语法复语法系列---动词讲义

1、 动词1 动词的种类动词是表示动作或状态的词，如：jump(跳)，fly(飞)，become (成为)，keep(保持)等。根据词义与作用，动词可分为四类：行为动词、情态动词、连系动词、助动词。另外，还有“动词+介词或副词等”构成的短语动词。1-1 行为动词行为动词又称为实义动词，有完整的词义，可独立作谓语。行为动词可分为及物动词与不及物动词两种。1)及物动词(1)study English和absent oneself及物动词是指可以带宾语的动词。英语中的绝大部分动词为及物动词，及物动词后必须带宾语，句义才完整。习英背sadies Enolish very hord.她非常努力地学He se

2、nt her some books.他给她寄了一些书。(sent后接的是双宾语，也可以说sent some books to her)Alice bought her mother a lot of flowers.艾丽斯给她母亲买了许多花。(bought 后接的是双宾语，也可以说 bought a lot of flowers for her mother)He ordered the soldier to put up his hands.他命令那个士兵举起手来。(接宾语补足语)The news made her happy.那消息使她非常高兴。(接宾语补足语)提示英语中有些动词常用反身代

3、词作宾语。absent oneself缺席pride oneself on以为自豪enjoy oneself过得快活amuse oneselfby以消遣另外，某些日常口语也常用反身代词作宾语。Help yourself!请随便吃！Make yourself at home.请随便些。He introduced himself.他作了自我介绍。Please behave yourself.请规矩些。有些及物动词后可有两个宾语(双宾语)，一个是间接宾语(指人，即：接受东西的人)，一个是直接宾语(指物，即：被给的东西)。通常是间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。I sent her a new book.我

4、给她寄去了一本新书。He bought each child an ice-cream.他给每个孩子都买了冰淇淋。I found him a nice second-hand car.我替他找了辆很好的二手车。这种“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构可以转换为“动词+直接宾语+to+间接宾语”或“动词+直接宾语+for+间接宾语”结构。用to还是用for，不同的动词有不同的搭配要求。(2)动词+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语A.要求用“to+间接宾语”的动词有：bring，leave, take, sell, owe, teach, read, offer, show, write, tell,

5、 promise, post, throw, pass, give, hand, lend, send, return, pay, grant, deny, refuse, wish, allow等。她把她的照片给我看。She showed me her photos.She showed her photos to me.他把球传给汤姆。He passed Tom the ball.He passed the ball to Tom.她允诺给他一个答复。She promised him a reply.She promised a reply to him.他已经把自行车还给她了。He ha

6、s returned her the bike.He has returned the bike to her.B.要求用“for+间接宾语”的动词有：build，pick, order, make, save, choose, buy, fetch, get, find, reserve, do, paint, play, spare, sing,reserve,book(订购)等。He bought an ice-cream for each child.他们给她留了一个座位。They saved her a seat.They saved a seat for her.他为她摘了一些花。

7、He picked her some flowers.He picked some flowers for her.提示1get, do, sing, play等动词有时可用“to/for+间接宾语”结构。Ill get some water for/to you.我给你弄些水来。She played some folk songs for/to us.她为我们演奏了一些民歌。个别间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，间接宾语前面要加of，on或with。Id like to ask you a favor.我想请你帮个忙。Id like to ask a favor of you.May I ask y

8、ou a question?我问你一个问题好吗？May I ask a question of you?She played him a game of chess.她和他下了盘棋。She played a game of chess with him.(要用with)They played him a trick.他们捉弄他。The played a trick on him.(要用on)(3)动词+宾语+宾语补足语有些及物动词可用于“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，充当补足语的可以是形容词或名词短语。这类动词有：find(发现)，get(使)， drive (使得)，paint (漆)，le

9、ave (留下)，set (使),think(认为)， dye(染)，believe (相信)，name(命名)，choose(选择)，judge(判断)，declare(宣布)，keep (使)， cut (切)， imagine (想象)， wish(祝愿)，make(使变为)，call(叫)，elect(选举)等。The president declared the exhibition open. 总统宣布展览会开幕。The noise from the neighbors is driving me mad.邻居家的噪声快要把我逼疯了。We consider it a great s

10、uccess. 我们认为这是一个极大的成功。Shall I make you a cup of coffee?我给你冲一杯咖啡好吗？(4)动词+宾语+to be+名词或形容词有些及物动词可以用“to be+名词或形容词”作宾语补足语。这类动词有：suppose(猜测)，believe(认为)，declare(宣布)，imagine(想象)，feel (感觉)，find(发觉)，know(知道)， prove(证明)， understand(理解)，等。本结构中的 to be也可省略。I believe him to be innocent. 我认为他是无罪的。We know him to be

11、 a good worker.我们知道他做起事来是一把好手。(5)动词+宾语+过去分词有些及物动词可用过去分词作宾语补足语。这类动词有：hear(听见)，watch (注意看)，have(使)，make(使)，think(认为)，see(看见)，get(使)，find(发现)等。Jim has got his bike repaired. 吉姆把自行车修了。She found the door painted.她发现门被漆过了。Tom had his left foot injured in the fall.汤姆左脚摔伤了。(6)动词+宾语+现在分词有些及物动词可用现在分词作宾语补足语。这类

12、动词有：watch(注意看，观看)，see(看见)，hear(听见)，catch(抓住)，smell(闻到)，observe(观察)，keep(使)，get(使)，have(让)，find(发现)等。Mr. Lin found a student dozing off.林老师发现一个学生在打瞌睡。She heard a bird singing merrily in the tree.她听见一只鸟在树上欢快地鸣叫。He kept the boy waiting outside the room. 他让那男孩在房间外面等。(7)动词+宾语+as/for+宾语补足语有些及物动词可用as/for引出

13、宾语补足语。这类动词有：consider(认为)，regard(看作)， use(用作)， choose (选为)等。They considered him as the best scholar in thefield.他们认为他是这个领域里最优秀的学者。He regarded the experiment as a failure.他认为这项实验是失败的。提示有些及物动词可用介词短语或副词作宾语补足语。He kept the car in good condition.他的车子保养良好。Please make yourself at home.请别客气。I found her out.我发

14、现她出去了。She shut the dog in.她把狗关在屋里。John drove us home.约翰开车送我们回家。(8) hear和hear of有些及物动词后可接 of，表示间接性动作。比较：hear听见hear of听说read读read of读到speak 说speak of说到I heard him singing in the room. 我听见他在房间里唱歌。I heard of him, but I dont know him.我听说过他，但不认识他。(9)动词+宾语+不定式有些及物动词可用于“动词+宾语+不定式”结构，常见的有：allow, remind, expe

15、ct, tell, order, ask, beg, command, request, teach, invite, drive, intend, mean, cause, want, permit, advise, persuade, encourage, recommend, (would) love, (would) like, (would) prefer等。He encouraged her to do the work well.他鼓励她把工作做好。Id like you to go with her.我想让你同她一起去。allow， permit, advise, recomm

16、end,encourage 后既可以接动名词，也可以接“宾语+不定式”。They dont allow fishing in the lake. 他们不允许在这个湖里捕鱼。They dont allow people to fish in the lake.他们不允许人们在这个湖里捕鱼。I advise leaving right now.我建议马上动身。I advise them to leave right now.我建议他们马上动身。提示suggest的结构是：suggest+动名词suggest to sb.+ that从句(that可省略)但不可说suggest sb. +不定式。比

17、较：他们建议他再试一次。They suggested (his) making another try. (正)They suggested to him (that) he make another try. (正)They suggested him to make another try. (误)(10)疑问代词或疑问副词+不定式有些及物动词或动词短语后可接“疑问代词或疑问副词+不定式”结构，即：动词+疑问代词或疑问副词(what,which，how, where,when)+不定式。但why不可用于这种结构。这类动词或动词短语有：forget, remember, ask, wonde

18、r, decide, learn, think, know, explain,understand, discuss, discover, find out, want to know,have no idea, make up ones mind等。也包括be not sure等。I dont know what to do next.我不知道下面该做什么。I forget how to spell the word.我忘了怎样拼这个词了。He has no idea where to have the meeting. 他不知道是在哪里开会。I wonder why I failed in

19、 the exam. (正)我不知道我为什么没考及格。I wonder why to fail. (误)提示what, which, whose, how much, how many后可加名词，再加不定式。I want to know which dictionary to buy.我想知道要买哪一本词典。They discussed how much money to take.他们讨论要带多少钱。2)不及物动词不及物动词指不可带宾语的动词，也不可用于被动语态。这类动词数量不多，如come， go, flow，belong等。They go to school every day.他们每天

20、上学。He came last month.他上个月来的。The river flows at the foot of the hill.那条河在山脚下流过。The blue sky belongs equally to us.蓝天为人们所共有。提示1英语中许多动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词，其词义可能稍有不同，也可能大不相同。比较：He dried his hands on a towel.他在毛巾上擦王手。(及物动词)The roads dried quickly.道路王得很快。(不及物动词)A strong wind blew dust around me.一阵疾风在我周围吹起尘土

21、。(及物动词)It is blowing hard.风刮得很紧。(不及物动词)She ran the car off the road.她驾车驶离了公路。(及物动词)He was running quickly.他飞快地跑着。(不及物动词)2分析并区别下面的及物动词(或词组)和不及物动词(或词组)。及物 不及物await, waitfor（等，等 wait（等，等待)待)reach, getto, arriveat/in（到 arrive (到达)达)hear, listento(听) listen (听)answer, reply reply (回答)to(回答)oppose,object

22、to(反 object（反对)对)watch out for(提防) watch out(当心)run out of(用完) run out(用完)look out for(照看，提 look out(注意)防)break away break away(脱from(脱离) 离)drop in on/at (拜访) drop in (拜访)see, lookat, notice look（看）(看)1-2 情态动词情态动词本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的某种语气或感情，但不能单独作谓语，要同行为动词或连系动词一起构成谓语。另外要注意两点：(1)与情态动词连用的其他动词是原形，不可带to；(2)情

23、态动词没有人称和数的变化，适用于所有人称。常用的情态动词见下表，注意其变化形式。现在式 can may mus shall needought todare过去式couldmight mustwouldshouldneedought todared1)may的用法(1)表示许可，意为“可以”，即同意别人提出请求或建议，或请求别人许可，相当于allow或permitYou may leave now.你可以离开了。(相当于Iallow you to leave.或You are permitted to leave.)抽如高，Mo I snoke in the rom?我可以在房间里B: Yes

24、, you may. 可以的。B: No,you may not.不可以。提示1 may的否定式有两种：may not意为“不可以”，语气较客气；must not意为“不可，不许”，语气较强，有命令强制的意味。You may not sit here.你不可以坐在这里。You must not sit here.你不许坐在这里。(态度强硬)学校、机关等的公告、文书中的“不得，禁止”这类正式说法，要用may not或mustnt。Cars may not be parked here.此处不得停车。Magazines may not be taken out of the readingroom

25、.杂志不得带出阅览室。回答 May I?问句的 may not 意为“不可以”，而回答 CanI?问句的may not意为“可能不”。“May I go there?”“No,you may not.“我可以去那里吗？”“不可以的。”“Can his words be true?“It may be, or may not be true.”“他的话可能是真的吗？”“可能是，也可能不是。”(2)表示对现在或将来情况的推测，意为“也许，可能”It may snow in the evening.晚上可能会下雪。She may not come tomorrow.她明天可能不会来。提示在疑问句中表

26、示“可能”时，通常不用may，而用can, be likely, Do you think等表示。Is he likely to help you?他会帮助你吗？Can the story be true?这个故事可能是真的吗？Do you think he will come on time?你认为他会准时来吗？(=Is it likely that he will come on time?或 Is he likely to come on time?)(3) may well和may as well结构A. “may well+动词原形”是一种常用结构，意为“(完全)能，很可能”，相当于

27、be very likely to。He may well be proud of his son.他大可为儿子而自豪。Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize her.她的模样变化太大，你很可能认不出她了。B. “may as well+动词原形”意为“最好，满可以，倒不如”，相当于 had better 或 have no strong reason not to。You may as well stay here over the night.你最好留在这里过夜。You may as well d

28、o it at once.你最好马上就做这件事。(4) may be和maybe的区别may be是“情态动词+系动词 be”结构，表示“可能有，可能在”，否定式为may not be。maybe是一个词，为副词，意为“大概，也许，可能”，在句中作状语。He may be over thirty years old.他可能30多岁了。Maybe he is over thirty years old.他也许30多岁了。提示may可以用于祈使句中，表示祝愿。May we never forget each other.愿我们彼此永不相忘。May you return in safety. 愿你平

29、安归来。2)might的用法(1)保持时态一致，might是may的过去式The newspaper says it may snow soon.报纸上说不久要下雪了。The newspaper said it might snow soon.I guess he may be about forty.我猜想他约有40岁。I guessed he might be about forty.(2)might 可以表示对现在或将来的推测，意为“可能”，但might表示的可能性较小，而may表示的可能性较大It may rain this evening.(可能性大)It might rain th

30、is evening.(可能性小)(3)用于现在时或将来时中，表示请求别人许可，意为“可以”，语气较may更为婉转Might I sit here? 我可以坐在这里吗？Might I see the manager,please?请问，我可以见一下经理吗？(4) may+动词完成式和might+动词完成式这两种结构都是对过去的推断，意为“可能已经”;“may+动词完成式”比“might+动词完成式”的可能程度大。I am afraid she may have fallen ill.恐怕她可能已经病了。You may have noticed something moving in thedi

31、stance.你可能已经注意到有东西在远处移动。She might have studied English for years.她学习英语可能已经数年了。You didnt take the bus or you might have beenkilled.你没乘那班汽车，不然你就可能没命了。3) can的用法(1)表示能力，意为“能够”，相当于be able to;cant/can not意为“不能够”He can swim across the river. 他能横游过那条河。(=He is able to)Can she speak French?她能说法语吗？ (=Is she ab

32、le to)提示1can 与be able to的区别是：表示能够时，can只能用于现在时(用can)和过去时(用could)，而be able to则可以用于现在时、过去时、将来时和完成时。The baby will be able to walk next month.婴儿下个月就会走了。(将来时，不用can)John has been able to play football for severalyears.约翰学会踢足球已有好几年了。(完成时，不用can或could)I hope to be able to see her again.我希望能再次见到她。(不定式，不用can)2c

33、an可以表示人的能力或物的能力，而beable to 只可表示人的能力或生物的能力，但不可表示物的能力。比较：The boat is able to carry five persons. (误)可索ootcan cary five pesons.(正)这个小船(2)表示许可或请求别人许可，意为“可以”，相当于may，但may多用于正式、庄重的场合Can I take the book home?我可以把书带回家吗？You can go now if you like.你想走可以走了。提示can not在英式英语中写为cannot，缩写为cant。can not 在这种意义上意为“不可以”，相

34、当于must not。You can not sit here.你不可以坐在这里。(3)表示推测，意为“也许，可能”，相当于perhaps,it is possible that 等；在这种意义上，cannot意为“不可能”，表示怀疑、不确定或不会有的情况The hole can be very deep.这个洞可能很深。(=Perhaps the hole is very deep.)Even a wise man can sometimes make mistakes.甚至一个聪明人有时也会犯错误。(=It is possible that a wise man sometimes mak

35、es mistakes.)Can it be true that she has won the gold medal?她真的获得金牌了吗？The pen cant be his.这支钢笔不可能是他的。提示1比较下面两组句子：What she said cant be true.她的话不可能是真的。What she said may not be true.她的话也许不是真的。He cant be only thirty.他不可能只有30岁。He may not be only thirty.他可能不止30岁。can常用于疑问句或否定句，表示泛指的、一般的、理论上的可能，而may则表示特指的、

36、具体的、实际的可能。比较：We can go to Shanghai by bus.我们可以乘汽车去上海。(泛指某一次)He may be wrong at this point.在这一点上他可能错了。(特指的可能，不用can)Can he be going back this spring?他今年春天可能会回来吗？(4)can+动词完成式这种结构常用在疑问句中，意为“可能已经”。I can find him nowhere. Where can he havegone?我哪里也找不到他，他可能到哪里去了呢？There is no light in the room. Can she have

37、 gone to bed?房间里没有灯，她可能已经睡了吗？4) could的用法(1)保持时态一致，could为can的过去式She couldnt go there yesterday.她昨天不能去那里。He asked me if I could give her more money. 他问我是否能多给她一些钱。(2)表示客气的请求，比用may或can更显得礼貌Could I use your pen?我用一下你的钢笔好吗？Could you return the book next Friday?你下星期五还那本书好吗？(3)用于现在时或将来时，表示不大的可能性It could be

38、his pencil,but I am not sure.这可能是他的铅笔，但我不能肯定。It could rain in the evening.晚上可能会下雨。(4)could和was/were able to的区别A.表示过去具有或不具有某种能力时，could和was were able to可以互换。She could/was able to swim when she was only six years old.她6岁时就会游泳了。The box was locked, and I couldnt/wasnt able to open it.这箱子锁上了，我打不开。He said

39、he couldnt/wasnt able to answer thequestion.他说他回答不了这个问题。B. was/were able to可以表示过去经过努力完成了某事，相当于managed to do sth.或 succeeded in doing sth.，在这种意义上不可用could。She was able to pass the exam after three years of hard study.经过3年刻苦学习，她终于考试通过了。Although it rained hard that day,they were able to arrive there on

40、time. 虽然那天雨下得很大，但他们还是准时到达那里了。(5) could+动词完成式这种结构表示本来能够做而没有做的事情，含有责备的意味，意为“本来应该，本来能够”。You could have come earlier.你本该早些来的。(但没能早些来)He could have done better.他本应该做得更好的。(但没能做得更好)这种结构也可以表示对过去事情可能性的推测。Could he have said so?他可能会这样说吗？They could have reached the town by now. 他们现在可能已经到达那个小城了。(6)“could not+动词完

41、成时”和“can not+动词完成式”的区别这两种结构均意为“决不会，不可能”，用于指过去的事情，前者比后者在语气上更为婉转。He cant have lost his way.他不可能迷路的。They couldnt have known about it. 他们不可能已经知道那件事了。比较：She can not have said so.她不会这样说的。=It is impossible that she said so.She may not have said so.她也许没这么说。=It is possible that she did not say so.5) must的用法(

42、1)must表示“必须，应该，一定要”，可用于一般现在时或一般将来时。主语是第一人称或we时，表示说话人认为有必要或有义务做某事；主语是第二、三人称 you、they、he、she 等时，表示说话人要求或命令别人做某事。Time is up. We must leave now.时间到了，我们必须离开了。(有必要)You must study hard.你必须努力学习。(Iwantyou to study hard.)He must return the dictionary tomorrow. 他明天必须归还那本词典。提示must的过去式通常用had to表示，但在间接引语中也可用must。

43、They had to work twelve hours a day at thattime.那时候，他们一天必须工作12个小时。He told me that he must/had to walk through theforest.他告诉我说，他必须步行穿过森林。2在将来时态中，可以用shall/will have to替代 must。比较：我们下周必须到那里去。We must go there next week.We shall have to go there next week.在一般现在时中，有时可用have/has to替代must。比较：她说她现在必须走了。She say

44、s she must go now.She says she has to go now.表示“不必要，不需要”时，用need not或dont have to 表示。比较：You must leave for Nanjing tomorrow.你必须明天动身去南京。You need not leave for Nanjing tomorrow.你不必明天动身去南京。=You dont have to leave for Nanjing tomorrow.(2)must可以表示推断或揣测，指极有可能或不可避免，意为“一定会，准会，一定要，一定是”。“must+动词原形”表示对现在情况的推测；“

45、must+be+现在分词”表示对现在正在发生或将来正在发生的事情的推测，意为“一定正在”；“must+动词完成式”表示对过去情况的推测，意为“一定已经”。It must be true.这一定是真的。It must be ten oclock now.现在准是10点钟了。It must be raining outside.外面一定在下雨。(推测正在发生的情况)According to the radio, it must be snowingtomorrow.据广播，明天将要下雪。(推测将来正在发生的情况)You must have got the letter.你一定收到那封信了。(推测已

46、经完成的情况)提示这种意义上的否定推断只能用can not，意为“不可能，一定不”，不可用must not。The door is locked. He cant be at home.门锁着，他不可能在家。The man cant be over fifty.那人不可能有50多岁。Her answer must be wrong.(正)她的回答准是错的。Her answer cant be wrong. (正)她的回答不可能错。Her answer must not be wrong. (误)(3)must not意为“不准，不许”，表示断然拒绝或否定，语气较强。Children must

47、not play with fire.儿童不准玩火。You must not do it that way.不许你那样做。提示must作“必须”解时，其否定式为need not,不是must not，参见上文。比较：A: Must I read the book again?我必须把这本书再读一遍吗？B: No, you neednt.你不必再读。(或No，you dont need to. /No, you dont have to.)A:Must we leave now?我们必须现在离开吗？B: No, you neednt. 不必。(没有必要)B: No, you mustnt. 不准

48、。(不允许，含命令口气)(4)must和have to有时可以换用，但仍有区别。A.语义上的区别：表示说话人的主观意图或要must 求，相当于汉语中的“必须”表示由于外部环境、情况或习have/has to 惯等的客观需要，相当于汉语的“不得不”I must finish the work before Friday.我必须在星期五前完成工作。(主观愿望)You must pay more attention to grammar.你应多注意语法。(决定，要求)It rained all day long, so we had to stay at home.整天都在下雨，所以我们不得不待在家

49、里。(外部环境所迫)Mary has to study late into the night in order to pass the exam. 为了通过考试，玛丽不得不学习到深夜。(客观需要)B.适用范围上的区别：现在时 must或have/has to过去时 had to(直接引语中可用must)将来时 must或shall/will have to现在完成时 have/has had tomust只有现在时一种形式，在宾语从句中可以表示过去，而have to有多种时态形式；have to可以有不定式、分词、动名词等形式，而must则没有。He said he must ask his

50、 parents first.他说他必须先问问他父母。Ill have to get to my office at eight because the meeting will begin at ten past eight.我必须在8点钟到达办公室，因为会议将在8点10分开。He has had to study harder. 他必须更努力地学习。I regret to have to leave early.我很抱歉不得不早些离开。Having to go shopping every day,she felt ratherbored.每天都要去买东西，她感到有点烦了。6) need的

51、用法(1)作情态动词用时，need没有人称和时态的变化，后接动词原形，多用于疑问句或否定句中。在疑问句中，need意为“需要，必须”，在否定句中，need意为“不需要”，常缩写为neednt。本词美 nesd bu anoder dictionary，你需要再买一Need we get up so early?我们必须起这么早吗？Need he take more money with him?他需要带更多的钱吗？I need not/neednt tell her that.我不需要把那个告诉她。She neednt do it right now.她不需要马上就做。提示need也可用作行为

52、动词，后接宾语或带to的不定式。情态动词 need 可改为行为动词 need，但结构不同，注意区别，见下表。情态动词 行为动词He neednt +动词 He doesnt need + to原形 不定式Need he +动词原 Does he need +to不形 定式He neednt,need He doesnt need + tohe? 不定式，does he?提示注意 need作为情态动词和行为动词用法在反意疑问句中的应用：He neednt come at once,need he?他必须马上就来，是吗？He doesnt need to come at once, does he

53、?(2)回答用need或must提问的问句时，肯定句一律用must，口语中也可用have to或have got to;否定句一律用need not。Need) we attend the evening party?我们必须参加晚会吗？Must jYes, you must. (正)是的，必须。Yes, you need. (误)Yes, you have to/have got to.(正)No, you neednt. (正)不，不必。No, you mustnt. (误)提示neednt和dont have to均可表示“没有必要”、但有所不同。neednt表示说话者的主观认识，don

54、t have to 表示客观上没有必要。You neednt go to work today;just take a rest athome.你今天不必上班，在家休息一下吧。(主观上的想法)You dont have to walk so fast; there is still enough time left. 你不必走那么快，时间多着呢。(客观上存在的情况)(3)“need not+动词完成式”和“did not needto+动词原形”。“need not+have+过去分词”表示过去本不必做但却做了的事；“did not need to+动词原形”表示过去不必做某事而实际上也没有做

55、。比较：She need not have come yesterday.她昨天本不必来的。(但却来了)She didnt need to come yesterday.她昨天不必来。(实际上也没来)He neednt have watered the trees because it might rain soon.他本不需要给树浇水的，因为天不久就会下雨了。(实际上浇水了)He didnt need to water the trees because his sister had already watered them.他不需要给树浇水，因为他妹妹浇过了。(实际上他也没浇)(4)nee

56、d say和need to say。比较下列句中情态动词need和行为动词need的结构差别：He never need say how much he likes the book. (need 为情态动词，不可以说needs say或 need to say)He never needs to say how much he likes thebook.他没有必要说他多么喜欢那本书。(need 为行为动词)That is all she need know.(正)那就是她需要知道的一切。(情态动词)That is all she needs know.(误)That is all she

57、needs to know.(正)(行为动词)That is all she need to know. (误)(5)need后跟不定式和动名词的区别。need后跟的不定式如果是主动语态，则表示主动意义，这种句子的主语必须是“人”；need后跟动名词时表示被动意义，这种句子常以“物”作主语,偶尔也用“人”作主语。need后跟的动名词不可用被动形式，但可改用不定式被动式。She needs to learn.她需要学习。The garden needs watering.花园需要浇水了。(=The garden needs to be watered.)The girl needs lookin

58、g after.那个小女孩需要照看。(=The girl needs to be looked after.)The room needs cleaning up.这个房间需要彻底清扫一下。提示want和require作“需要”解时，后跟动名词或不定式，被动式的用法与need相同。The floor requires/wants wiping every day.地板要每天擦。The floor requires/wants to be wiped every day.7) dare 的用法情态动词dare主要用于疑问句和否定句中，后接动词原形(不带to)，没有人称和数的变化，但过去式为 da

59、red。dare也可以用作行为动词。比较下表中情态动词dare和行为动词dare的结构。情态动词 行为动词Dare he+动词原形 Does he dare to+动词原形He darent +动词原 He doesnt dare to +形 动词原形He darent +动词原 He doesnt dare to +动词原形，does形，dare he? he?He dared not+动词 He did not dare to +原形 动词原形(1) dare用于疑问句中，意为“敢，有勇气”；这时，如果用行为动词dare，后面的to也可省略。比较：Dare you jump off the

60、 high wall?你敢跳下这堵高墙吗？(情态动词)动词e yo dare (o) jamp of ie high wall?(行为Dared he climb the tree in the past?他过去敢爬那棵树吗？(情态动词)Did he dare (to) climb the tree in the past?(行为动词)How dare she do like that?她怎么敢那样做？(情态动词)How does she dare (to) do like that?(行为动词)(2)darent表示否定，意为“不敢”；这时，如果用行为动词dare，后面的to也可以省略。比较