情态动词用法课件!31

1、情态动词 1语法特征 情态动词，在英文中主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等。从用法上来说，它有这样几个特点：1各个情态动词自身都有一定的词义。2不能在句中独立担当谓语，也没有非谓语形式。3情态动词在句中不受任何人称,数变化的影响。4) 情态动词后接的不定式除ought外都不带to ，即接动词原形。英文中的情态动词主要有：can , could ; may , might ; must ; ought ; need ; dare , dared ，另外，shall , will , should , would在一定的场合也可用作情态动词。2二 情态动词的用法1 can 的用法1 表能力 (1ca

2、ncould 表示能力；可能 (过去时用could), 只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。如：They _tell you the news soon. A. will be able to B can C could The boy _ play the piano very well when he was seven . A. will be able to B can C could 3(2) was were able to 和could 在表示能力时可以替换；当表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to，相当于manage

3、to 或succeeded in . 不能用could。He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.= _=_注意：在否认句中，两者可以互换。如：-I wonder why she hasnt turned up yet .-Perhaps she_get away from her work .A wasnt able to B couldnt C cant D is able to He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.He succeeded in fleeing

4、Europe before the war broke out.4(3) 助动词后只用be able toThey will _ tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。(4) 情态动词后只用be able to 。They may _ do it .be able to be able to 52 表示许可，允许，在疑问句中表示请求许可，在否认句中表示不许。此时代替更为正式的May .-_I come in ? A May B CanYou _smoke in non-smoking sections in public places , but you ca

5、n in smoking-sections .The teacher said that we _ play foot ball on the playground .注意：could在表示提出请求时和推测时，不表示时态。 - Could I have the television on? - Yes, you _. -No, you _.注意在答复中不可用couldcantcouldntcancant63表示推测或疑心，强调客观可能性“可能，会多用于疑问句和否认句中，表示推测时可用现在时，进行时，完成时。句子翻译：他会是谁呢？_他不可能正在等你。 _他不可能已单独去那里了。 _Who can

6、 he be ?He cant be waiting for you . He cant have gone there along . 72 May 的用法 1 表示允许或请求；口语中常可与can替换。 如：你现在可以走了。_表示没有把握的推测；或许，可能表示一件事情或许会发生，只用在陈述句中。 如：他可能来，但我认为他不会来。_注意： might 表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。He might be at home.You may go now .He may come, but I dont think he will .83) may 放在句首，表示祝愿。愿上帝保佑你

7、！_4 成语： may/might as well，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为不妨。如果那样的话，你不妨试一下。 If that is the case , _.典型例题Peter _come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. mustB. may C. can D. willMay God bless you !You might as well try it !93 比较have to和must 1)两词都是必须的意思，have to 表示客观的需要， must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。如：我弟弟病得很厉害，我

8、只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)_他说他们必须努力工作。主观上要做这件事 _比较：I must leave now .(主观) I m afraid youll have to leave now , its a rule of the hospital .客观My brother is badly ill now , so I have to send for a doctor at midnight . He said they must work hard . 102)have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。He had to look after hi

9、s sister yesterday.3 在否认结构中： dont have to 表示不必mustnt表示“禁止，你不一定要把此事告诉他。_你一定不要把这件事告诉他。 _You dont have to tell him about it .You mustnt tell him about it .114在答复带有must 的问句时，否认结构不用mustnt 而用neednt dont have to .-Must I go home ? -Yes , _-No _5 表示偏偏，干嘛，指做令人不愉快的事情 The car must break down just when we were

10、about to start off . Must you shout so loudly ?mustneednt / dont have to . ( 干嘛 ) ( 偏偏 )126 must表示推测 1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为一定。2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时， must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。 你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。对现在情况的推测判断_他一定在办公室工作呢。_比较： He must be staying there. He must stay there. Youve worked all day long

11、so you must be tired . He must be working in his office .他现在肯定呆在那里他必须呆在那。133) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。我刚刚没有听到 ，我想必是睡着了。_4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接动词的完成进行式。-Why didnt you answer my phone call?-Well, I _,(sleep) so I didnt hear it.I did hear the phone . I must have slept .must have been s

12、leeping .145) 否认推测用cant。If Tom didnt leave here until five oclock, he cant be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。 154. shall 用法1用于第一人称的构成一般将来时。2)一般用于二、三人称陈述句中，表示命令、许诺、警告、威胁，决心、义务、规定等。You shall have my answer tomorrow He shall be sorry for it one day , I tell you .You shall do as I tell you .Nothing shal

13、l stop us from fighting against pollutionEach citizen shall carry ID card when travelling.(允诺)警告命令(决心)义务、规定163)用于征求对方的意见和指示，用在一，三人称的疑问句中。Shall I turn on the light ? Shall he come to see you ?_注： Shall +第三人称主格+do sth =Do you want +第三人称宾格+to do sth .=Do you want him to see you ?175 should 用法Should不是一个

14、单独意义的情态动词，它只是shall 的过去式。1 表示劝告，建议常作应该，应当之义，与ought to 有时可以互换，ought to更注意一些责任义务。 You should do it by yourself .2 表示按常理进行推测，预测其可能性，译为“应该，可能 He should be in his office now .183 should用于某些从句中表虚拟语气。用于表示建议，命令的从句中，表示建议，命令的动词有suggest 、advice、 demand、 require 、request、desire 、ask 、insist 等词的宾语从句的谓语动词用should+动

15、词原形。并可以省略。He suggested that I (should) do so.2用在suggestion 、wish 、requirement、 instruction 、order、 等词后的表语从句或同位语从句中。 It is my wish that you should do so . 193用于一些如it is demand /desired /insisted /ordered /suggested /necessary /important/that .等结构的主语从句中。如It is demanded that we get everything ready by

16、the end of the week . 4表示惊奇，疑心，不满等情绪，译为“竟然。常用在why , how 开头的疑问句，以及I am surprised, It worried me, Its a pity 等结构后的句子中。 Its a pity that he should be so careless . Why should I invite him ? How should I know ？20 6 will 1)表示意志和决心，用于各种人称。主语为物时表示固有的性质和倾向Ill do my best . The door wont shut.2)表客观事实或习惯动作。Fish

17、 will die out of water .Oil will float on water.3表示意愿倾向-Who can close the door ?-I will (Ill do it )注本句不能用be going to /be to do 结构，因为本句不表方案打算，只是一个反射性动作。213也表示一种揣想推测，用于二三人称。They will have arrived by now .他们大概已经到了。5)有时表示，难免 、毕竟。Boys will be boys . 男孩毕竟是男孩。Accident will happen . 事故难免会发生。227 would would

18、 是will的过去式，would +v 构成过去将来时，除此之外，是单独的情态动词。1 表示过去时间的“意志，愿望和决心I told him that I would go along with him .2 委婉提出请求，建议或看法，语气比will委婉，肯定答语用will .Would you help him ? Yes , I will .3 表示过去的习惯动作和过去的某种倾向。When he was a child he would (used to )play football .23Would 和 used to 的区别。1 used to 主要用于今昔习惯的比照，说明过去如何，现

19、在已不再如此了。而would 不能用于今昔习惯的比照。2 used to 用于表示过去的习惯或过去一贯存在的情况状态，而would只能表示过去重复的动作，不能表示情况或状态。如There used to be a house here . 不能用would 这里是表状态。3 used to 不可接时间状语，而would只谈过去，与现在无关，因此句中常有时间状语。always every day 或表示时间的上下文。248 Need 的用法1 need 的意思是“需要，既是行为动词，又是情态动词。 作形为动词时，他具有一般动词的各种形式，need、 needs、 needed 、needing,

20、与助动词do、 does 、did 连用构成疑问句和否认句，后面接名词或动词不定式作宾语。 作为情态动词，只有一种形式，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形，与not 连用时构need not的否认式，疑问句把need提前。 251)I need a new computer . 2)Your room need painting 3)He doesnt need to work late into the night .4)I need to get a new car .5)Need he work so late ? yes, he must no , he neednt .6)you ne

21、ednt walk that fast , need you?你不必走那么快，是吗？实义动词情态动词实义动词实义动词实义动词情态动词26注意1： need 的被动含义：need, want, require, worth形容词后面接doing也可以表示被动：need doing = need to be done注意2：need 作情态动词不用在肯定句中，只用于疑问句和否认句中， 279 dare的用法1 它既可以作行为动词又可以作情态动词，作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句，否认句及条件句中，陈述句中很少使用但I dare say 除外。没人称和数的变化，但有时态变化，过去时为dared. 否认式

22、为darent .How dare you say Im unfair ?He dare not speak English before such a crowd , dare he ?情态动词情态动词28作行为动词时，有时态，人称和数的变化，所不同的是，作行为动词时，在肯定句中，其后常接带to的动词不定式，但在否认句和疑问句中，其后的to 可省可不省。如：I dare to swim across this river .He does not dare (to) answer Dont you dare (to )touch it ?29Exercise303110 含有情态动词的反意疑

23、问句构成反意问句时，常用情态动词。 She will come , wont she?1谓语动词是“ought to +动词原形疑问局部用ought , ought not , shouldnt +主语代词。He ought to be punished ,_2) 当陈述局部是dare need 时，分情况而定。如：They need to do it , You darent come , oughtnt he ?dont they ?dare you ?323) must 表推测时， 疑问局部应该根据其后的谓语动词来确定。(注意：当must have done结构中有表示过去的时间状语时，

24、不用havent 而用didnt)如：you must be Mr Li , _you must have finished it , _She must have read the book yesterday ,_ 注：must 表示禁止时，附加局部最好不重复使用must 而用mayYou mustnt walk on grass , _注：could表示推测时，反意疑问句附加局部构成与must一致。She couldnt have finished it yesterday, _arent you ?havent you ?didnt she ?did she ?maymust you

25、?3311 表示推测的用法 can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：1情态动词+动词原形。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。I dont know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.2情态动词+动词现在进行时。表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.343情态动词+动词完成时。表示对过去情况的推测。The road is wet. It must have rained la

26、st night.地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。354情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。Your mother must have been looking for you.你妈妈一定一直在找你。5推测的否认形式，疑问形式用cant, couldnt表示。Mike cant have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。注意：could, might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can, may。 3612 情态动词+ have

27、 +过去分词 may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth 表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.372)must have +done sth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有“肯定，“谅必的意思。-Linda has gone to work, but h

28、er bicycle is still here.-She must have gone by bus.383) ought to have done sth, should have done sth本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否认句表示“不该做某事而做了。You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.事实上已扔了。ought to 在语气上比should 要强。394) neednt have done st

29、h 本没必要做某事I dressed very warmly for the trip, but Ineednt have done so. The weather was hot.5) would like to have done sth 本打算做某事I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then. 408 should 和ought to should 和ought to 都为应该的意思，可用于各种人称。-Ought he to go?-Yes. I think he ought to. 表示要求，命令时，语

30、气由 should应该、had better最好、must必须渐强。 4113 情态动词的答复方式 问句肯定答复否认答复Need you?Yes, I must. No,I needntMust you? Yes,you must. Neednt/dont have to. 42典型例题1-Could I borrow your dictionary?-Yes, of course, you_. A. mightB. will C. can D. should 答案C. could表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中of course，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和 may来表达，

31、不能用could或might。复习： will 与you连用，用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用，用来提出劝告。432-Shall I tell John about it?-No, you _. Ive told him already.A. neednt B. wouldntC. mustnt D. shouldnt 答案A。neednt 不必，不用。 wouldnt 将不, 不会的。 mustnt 禁止、不能。 shouldnt不应该。此题为不需要，不必的意思，应用neednt。3-Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomor

32、row.-_.A. I dont B.I wont C. I cantD. I havent 答案B.will既可当作情态动词，表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表“意愿、意志、决心，此题表示决心，选B。 4414 区别微妙的情态动词练习 情态动词在近年来的高考试题中的难度日渐加大，不仅是由于情态动词表示说话人的语气和心态等，而且这些往往是需用心体会而得的。由于语气的暗示在题目中变得更隐蔽，语气的变化更微妙，因而更综合化了。难点磁场1.()I didnt hear the phone I_ asleep.A.must be B.must have beenC.should be D.should

33、have been2.()We _ last night,but we went to the concert instead.A.must have studied B.might studyC.should have studied D.would study3.()John,you_ play with the knife,you_hurt yourself.A.wont;cant B.mustnt;mayC.shouldnt;must D.cant;shouldnt454.()Its nearly seven oclock.Jack_ be here at any moment.A.m

34、ustB.needC.shouldD.can5.()She_for what she has done,but why do you keep silent on it?A.ought to praise B.ought to have praisedC.ought to be praised D.ought to have been praised6.()If your boss is not right,you_him.A.mustnt obey B.dont have to obeyC.wouldnt have obey D.cant have obey467.()Shall I cal

35、l a doctor for you? _.I will be better soon.A.Yes,you may B.No,you mustntC.No,you neednt D.Id rather not8.()Would you like to go shopping with me tonight?_.A.Id love so B.Ill like toC.I would like thatD.Id love to9.()He_ you more help,even though he was very busy.A.might have given B.mightC.may have

36、 given D.may give10.()Noise_ harmful in China.A.didnt use to be consideredB.usednt to considerC.didnt use to considerD.isnt used to be considered47案例探究1.Will you stay for lunch?Sorry,_ my brother is coming to see me.A.I mustntB.I cantC.I needntD.I wont2.Sorry Im late.I_ have turned off the alarm clo

37、ck and gone back to sleep again. (2000年春季高考北京)A.might B.should C.can D.will48命题意图：考查情态动词在一般疑问句答语中的用法。此题属四星级题。知识依托：mustnt 不允许、禁止cant客观上不能办到neednt不需要wont不会，不愿意错解分析：此题易误选D，I wont，只考虑了将来时，而实际上，吃饭这件事是办不到的。解题方法与技巧：情态动词在一般疑问句中的问和答的应用，一般只涉及到词的根本用法。can表示做某事的能力。意思是“能够“能。或表示许可，在疑问句中表示要求，否认句表示不许。答案：B49命题意图：此题考查

38、对过去猜测的用法。属五星级题。知识依托：may/might/must+have done表示对过去的肯定猜测。cant/couldnt+have done表示对过去的否认猜测。错解分析：此题易误选B，而should have done表示应该做而实际上没做，这和语意“我可能是把闹钟关掉后又睡了是矛盾的，故应选A。 解题方法与技巧：在这道题目中反映出的情态动词+完成式表示对过去发生事情的推测属于高考的一个重点和热点，对于这种题目首先要弄清各种搭配的含义，然后再结合语境选出正确答案。答案：A50歼灭难点训练1.()Dont lock the door in case he_ back late a

39、t night.A.should comeB.might comeC.will come D.would come2.()You_worry about the old man.He_ well already.A.dont need;gets B.neednt;may have gotC.mustnt;got D.dont need to;may get3.()Ive tried many times,but the car just_.A.wont start B.wouldnt startC.doesnt start D.didnt start4.()Better set off at

40、once,_?A.wont you B.shall weC.hadnt youD.wouldnt you515.()I was really anxious about you_ home without a word.(2001年高考)A.musnt leave B.shouldnt have leftC.couldnt have left D.neednt leave6.()Are you coming to Jeffs party?Im not sure.I _ go to the concert intead.(2000年高考)A.must , B.wouldC.should D.mi

41、ght7.()Do you think he will do me a favour?As far as I know,he is the last one to help others.He _be prepared to give you a hand,though.南京二模A. might B. mustC. can D. should528.()You must have seen the film last night,_you?A.mustnt B.isntC.didnt D.havent9.()Its dark now.We have to stay here for the n

42、ight, _ ?A. dont we B.havent weC. mustnt we D.shouldnt we10.()He _through the forest alone.A.dare walk B.dare to walkC.dares walking D.dares to walk53 情态动词考查热点透视 情态动词是高考考查的重点语法工程之一，2021年对口升学英语第25、31题考查了情态动词，全国普通高考各地试题对此都有考查。下面就近几年来高考试题中出现的情态动词的考点进行归纳分析，以便同学们复习掌握。5425 Lucy , be careful next time . Yo

43、u _such a mistake .A dont make B have not made C cant have made D shouldnt have made 31 My teacher promised that he _his camera to me .A would lend B lent C lends D will lend 55 一、情态动词表推测 1. 肯定的推测一般用must, should, maymight或could不用can，其中，must的语气最强，译为“肯定、“准是、“想必是；should的语气次之，译为“很可能、“应该，指按常理推测；maymight，

44、could的语气最弱，译为“也许、“可能。56Helen _ go on the trip with us but she isnt quite sure yet. 2005年安徽卷 A. shall B. must C. may D. can Ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake. It _ Harrys. He always wears green. 2005年广东卷 A. has to be B. will be C. mustnt be D. could be I have lost one of my gloves. I _

45、 it somewhere.2005年北京春季卷 A. must drop B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped If I _ plan to do anything I wanted to ,Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. 2005年湖北卷 A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to 57 2. 否认推测分为两种情况： 1语气不很肯定时，常用may not,

46、 might not或could not，译为“可能不、“也许不。 2否认语气较强时，那么用cant，译为“根本不可能、“想必不会，表示惊异、疑心的感情色彩。58 1)You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers _ not like the design of the furniture. 2004年上海春季卷 A. must B. shall C. may D. need 2) Do you know where David is? I couldnt find him anywhere. Well. He

47、 _ have gone farhis coats still here.2005年湖北卷 A. shouldnt B. mustnt C. cant D. wouldnt 3) Isnt that Anns husband over there? No, it _ be him Im sure he doesnt wear glasses. 2004年全国卷 A. cant B. must not C. wont D. may not59 3. 疑问句中的推测，往往用can或could。 Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be that

48、 he was late for the opening ceremony？2001年上海春季卷 A. can B. should C. may D. must 60 4. 对已发生事情的肯定推测常用“must, may, might等+完成式；否认推测常用“can, could, may, might等+完成式。 1)He _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt be enjoying himself by seaside. 2005年北京卷 A. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cant 2)Tom is

49、never late for work. Why is be absent today? Something _ to him. 2005年江西卷 A. must happen B. should have happened C. could have happened D. must have happened 3) My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he_your lecture.2000年上海卷 A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have atterded C.

50、 mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attended 61 二、“情态动词+完成式 1. “shouldought to+完成式表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做。其否认式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。 Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. You_ her last week. 2004年福建卷 A ought to tell B would have told C must tell D should have told Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach, I

51、_ so much fried chicken just now. 2002年上海春季卷 A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eaten C. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat 62 2. “could+完成式表示本来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成，含有遗憾的意味。 He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free. 2005年山东卷 A. could B. would C. must D. need63 3. “neednt+不定式的完成式表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事。例如： You

52、 neednt have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要浇花的，因为天就要下雨了。 Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. Thanks. You _ it. I could manage it myself. 2005年福建卷 A. neednt do B. neednt have done C. mustnt do D. shouldnt have done 64 三、常见的情态动词 1. shall用于一、二、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见；用于二、三人称陈述句表示说话人给

53、对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。 “The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides， declared the judge. 2004年重庆卷 A. may B. should C. must D. shall Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. You _ have my computer if you dont take care of it. 2004年湖南卷 A. shant

54、B. might not C. neednt D. shouldnt The room is so dirty. _ we clean it? Of course. 2003年北京春季卷 A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do 65 2. must用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏偏，偏要；mustnt表示禁止，是说话人强有力的劝告。 John, look at the time. _ you play the piano at such a late hour？ 2005年全国卷 A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need Tom, yo

55、u leave all your clothes on the floor like this！ 2005年全国卷 A. wouldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not 66 3. neednt表示“没有必要。 Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary. She _. Ive already borrowed one. 2005年湖南卷 A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt 674. would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。 When he was there, he _

56、go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.1996年上海卷 A. would B. should C. had better D. might 68 5. 表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作，只能用was/were able to，而不能用could。 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. 1997年全国卷 A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could 69 6. 考查情态动词用作答

57、语的情况 Write to me when you get home. _. 2001年北京春季卷 A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can Could I call you by your first name？ Yes, you _. 1998年上海卷 A. will B. could C. may D. might 70情态动词过关检测题 711. - Tom graduated from college at a very young age. - Oh, he _ have been a very smart boy then. A. coul

58、d B. should C. might D. must 2. “The interest _ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,declared the judge. A. may B. should C. must D. shall 3. - Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. - You _ her last week. A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. sh

59、ould have told 4. - Excuse me, is this the right way to the Summer Palace? - Sorry, I am not sure. But it _ be. A. might B. will C. must D. can 5. I _ pay Tracy a visit, but I am not sure whether I will have time this Sunday. A. should B. might C. would D. could 726. - I dont mind telling you what I

60、 know. - You _. Im not asking you for it.A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt7. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _ report it to the police? A. should B. may C. will D. can 8. Mr White _at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. s