新通用大学英语第四册unit5

1、Lesson 1Lesson 2Extended ExercisesCheckpointAgendaUNIT GOALS1. Politely ask someone not to do something2. Complain about public conduct3. Discuss social responsibility4. Identify and discuss urban problems5. Write about public healthLesson 1Lead-inListeningSpeakingReadingWriting333Lead-inOn-the-Stre

2、et Interviews: I enjoy living in the city because Exercise AExercise B3Exercise ACircle the letter of the best choice to complete each statement.1. Chris says people in cities can on first impression seem _ than people in the suburbs.a. more intelligent b. ruder c. more stressed out2. Emma likes liv

3、ing in the city because _.a. of cultural events b. of her short commute c. of the convenienceExercise A3. According to Jessica, one advantage of living in the suburbs is that _.a. its quieter b. people are friendlier c. its less expensive4. One of the reasons Natalie likes living in the city is the

4、_.a. culture b. social life c. employment opportunities5. Jessica thinks that _.a. life in the city is betterb. life in the suburbs is betterc. life in both the city and suburbs is goodExercise BAnswer the questions, using information from the video.1. On an average day, who probably sees the most c

5、hildren in her neighborhood? _2. Who commutes by public transportation? _3. Who would probably be happy living in either the city or the suburbs? _4. Who would probably choose to vacation somewhere other than a city? _5. Who appreciates the convenience of shopping in the city? _6. Who thinks that li

6、fe in the city is more stressful than life in the suburbs? _Chris EmmaNatalieJessicaNatalieEmmaListeningPart 1Part 2New WordsPhrases and Expressions33Part 1Talk About City LifeA. Sound BitesB. Pair Work3A. Sound BitesRead and listen to a conversation about city life.Don: Are you serious?Kyle: Yeah.

7、The driver was in such a big hurry he didnt even notice. I just cant keep up with the pace here.Don: Well, you do have to learn to stay on your toes in the city.Kyle: It really gets to me sometimes. I dont think Ill ever get used to it. I guess Im just a country boy at heart.Don: Hey, Kyle! So hows

8、the big city treating you?Kyle: Funny you should ask. Not great.Don: What do you mean?Kyle: Well, on my way here, Im crossing the street and this guy in an SUV turns the corner and almost runs me over.“the city”B. Pair WorkRead the conversation again. With a partner, explain the meaning of each of t

9、he following statements or questions.1. “So hows the big city treating you?” _2. “I just cant keep up with the pace here.”_3. “You do have to learn to stay on your toes.”_4. “It really gets to me sometimes.”_5. “Im just a country boy at heart.”_“the country”I prefer living in the country.How do you

10、like living in the city?Things move too fast for me here.You have to pay attention and be alert all the time.It bothers me sometimes.B. Pair WorkSTARTING POINTWhat are some advantages and disadvantages of living in each type of place? Write them in the chart.AdvantagesDisadvantagesthe countrythe cit

11、ythe suburbsDiscussion. Where would you prefer for livein the country, the city, or the suburbs? Why?clean air, low crime, friendly people,less stress, slower paceboring, no jobs, too far from good health careconvenientnoises, crowdedless convenient, friendly people,far from good health carePart 2Di

12、scuss Social ResponsibilityA. VocabularyB. Pair WorkC. Listening ComprehensionD. Discussion33A. VocabularyWays to perform community service.B. Pair WorkWould you ever consider doing any of the community service activities in the vocabulary? With a partner, explain why you would or would not.“I would

13、 never consider donating myorgans because its against my beliefs.”C. Listening ComprehensionRead the questions and listen to part 1 of the story about Nicholas Green and his family. Take notes on your notepad. Then summarize the first part of the story with your partner.Where were the Greens from?Wh

14、at were they doing in Italy?What happened to Nicholas?What decision did his parents make?How did the Italian people react?They were very moved.They were from California in the United States.They were on vacation.He was shot and died.They decided to donate his organs to people who were sick.Nicholas

15、Green, age seven, in Switzerland, a few days before he and his family went to ItalyD. DiscussionRead the questions and listen to Part 2. Discuss your answers with a partner.1. What changes occurred in Italy after the Greens made their decision? What is “The Nicholas Effect”?2. How many people receiv

16、ed one of Nicholass organs? What effect did his gift have on their lives?3. As a result of this incident, what are the Greens doing today?They work to support organ donation.People started to think differently about organ donation.The number of people who were willing to become organ donors increase

17、d by three to four hundred percent.Seven.One woman was able to see and the rest had their lives saved.New Words donate v. give something to a person or an organization in order to help them 捐赠, 赠予Phrases and Expressionsin a big hurry 非常匆忙keep up with the pace 跟上节奏、步伐stay on ones toe 落脚SpeakingPolite

18、ly Ask Someone Not to Do SomethingA. Conversation SnapshotB. GrammarC. Rewrite Sentences33Conversation SnapshotA: Do you mind my smoking here?B: Actually, smoking kind of bothers me.I hope thats not a problem.A: Not at all. I can step outside.B: Thats very considerate of you. Thanks for asking. Rhyt

19、hm and intonation practiceWays to soften an objectionI hope thats not a problem.I hope you dont mind.I hope its OK / all right.I dont mean toinconvenience you.Strategies for Speaking Use Do you mind to express concern that an intended action may offend Use actually to object politely Use expressions

20、 such as I hope thats not a problem to soften an objection Say Not at all to indicate a willingness to complyConversation SnapshotB. GrammarPossessives with gerunds.C. Rewrite SentencesCombine the two statements, using a possessive with a gerund.Example: They allow smoking. Im not in favor of it. Im

21、 not in favor of their allowing smoking.Im really annoyed by my brothers littering.1. He plays his MP3 player in the library. I dont appreciate that. _2. They smoke cigars in the car. My mother objects to it. _3. Shes talking on her cell phone. We dont mind it. _4. My brother litters. Im really anno

22、yed by it. _I dont appreciate his playing his MP3 player in the library.My mother objects to their smoking cigars in the car.We dont mind her talking on her cell phone.ReadingText AText BVocabulary ExerciseVocabulary Activity33Text AWarm-upTextExercises33Warm-up1. Do you like to live in a big city?

23、Why or why not?2. What is the ideal big city like in your mind? Please describe it.Text ACanberra: A Planned City Are planned cities too sterile? Not according to most people who live in or visit Canberra, Australia. With a population of just over 323 000, it is not a megacity but it is Australias l

24、argest inland city and its capital. Opinions of the entirely planned city cite plenty of pros and not a lot of cons. According to the travel guide Lonely Planet, it is “a picturesque spot with beautiful galleries and museums, as well as excellent restaurants, bars, and cafes.” One of the worlds gree

25、nest cities, Canberra is surrounded by nature reserves, and a great deal of city land was set aside for parks and gardens. Canberra is proof that with proper planning the environment can be preserved in densely populated cities and towns.Text A As a result of careful planning, Canberra offers the be

26、nefits of city living without the urban problems such as pollution and traffic. Not only does Canberra have clean air and water and good roads, but it also has affordable housing (cheaper than Sydney or Melbourne) and an abundance of health-care facilities. As the seat of Australias government, Canb

27、erra has low unemployment and high education and income levels. It is a relatively safe city, with no murders reported in the 1999/2000 financial year. Canberra shows that planned cities can be great places to live and work. Canberra also has excellent infrastructure. With wide roads that use rounda

28、bouts, rather than traffic lights, to regulate the flow of traffic, the city offers the shortest average commute times in Australia. Most city roads also have bike lanes, making cycling an important form of transportation in Canberra.abundancen. a large quantity of something 充裕，丰富充裕，丰富The carpets ar

29、e available in abundance.The tree yields an abundance of fruit.picturesqueadj. a place that is picturesque is pretty and interesting 风景如画的风景如画的We heard that there was a picturesque village nearby.He described picturesque rocky shores in his novel.sterileadj. land that cannot be used for growing crop

30、s贫贫瘠的瘠的The sterile soil cannot be used for growing crops.The large sterile land made life hard here.ExercisesExercise AExercise B3Exercise ACheck whether each statement is true (T) or false (F).1. Canberra suffers from a lack of culture and entertainment.2. Transportation is a problem in Canberra.3.

31、 Canberra has high levels of pollution.4. Housing is not a problem for most people in Canberra.5. A high percentage of people in Canberra cannot find work.6. Crime is low in Canberra.FFFTFTExercise Blist one aspect of life in Canberra that appeals to you. Explain your answer.Text BWarm-upTextCompreh

32、ension Exercises33Warm-upWhat problems do you think cities of 10 million or more people might share? Discuss and share your opinion with your partner.Text B Q. How do you define “megacity”? A. We define megacities in our work as cities that have reached populations of 10 million or more. The majorit

33、y of these are in developing countries. Migration to the city is the route for many people to greater choice, opportunity, and well-being. By coming to settle in the city, they have in effect “voted with their feet.” Q. Why are these places going to be very important in the next hundred years? A. Th

34、e 21st century wont be a century of rural areas and small towns but of giant cities that will set the standard of how we live, how our environment is preserved (or not preserved), how our economies work, and what kind of civil society we develop. Q. Do megacities in the developed and developing worl

35、d differ, or are they linked by certain similarities?The Advent of the MegacityFollowing is an interview with Dr. Janice Perlman, founder and president of Mega-Cities Project, Inc. Her organization attempts to make cities worldwide more livable places by taking good ideas from one place and trying t

36、o make them work in another.Mexico Cityover 18 million (2005)Text B In addition, all megacities share the problems of providing jobs and economic opportunities, and making housing, education, and health care available. They deal with crime and violence, as well as basic infrastructure such as water,

37、 sanitation, and public transportation. This is no easy task. The leaders of these cities recognize that they have similar problems, and they would like to learn more from other cities, particularly about successful solutions. If we are going to create livable cities for the next century, we will ne

38、ed to be clever enough to do it through collaboration and cooperation. That is why the Mega-Cities Project works to share experiences that work across boundaries of culture and geography. A. These large cities have a lot more in common with each other than they do with the small towns and villages i

39、n their own countries. For example, every megacity struggles with a widening gap between rich and poor. Every “first-world” city, such as Los Angeles, New York, London, or Tokyo, has within it a “third-world” city of poverty and deprivation. And every thirdworld city, such as Calcutta, Cairo, or Mex

40、ico City, has within it a first-world city of high culture, technology, fashion, and finance.Tokyoover 28 million (2005)Text BQ. Is the solution to urban problems strict central planning?A. Absolutely not. We need decentralized planning that includes local citizens. In my view, attempts to create pl

41、anned cities or communities like Braslia or Chandigarh are too sterile and miss the spontaneity of cities that grew organically, like Rio de Janeiro, Bombay, or even New York City. The best example of urban planning Ive seen recently is in Curitiba, Brazil, which set up a brilliant public transporta

42、tion system in anticipation of population growth. The historic areas of cities like Siena, Paris, or Barcelona all have elements of planning that led to buildings of similar heights and architecture, but they were not centrally planned. There is a lot of diversity within the design, and people love

43、to go to those cities. Megacities are really very exciting places. The truth is, Ive never met a megacity that I didnt like!Source: U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Divisionadventn. the time when something first begins to be widely used 出现出现; 来临来临Now, with the advent and pop

44、ularity of the home computer, its advantages and disadvantages have been a subject of discussion.Since the advent of jet aircraft, travel has been speeded up.decentralizen. move parts of a government, organization,etc. from one central place to several different smaller ones 分散；下放分散；下放Many firms are

45、 decentralizing parts of their operations.This country is decentralizing a museum into different parts.sanitationn. the protection of public health 卫生卫生, 环境卫生环境卫生Sanitation is a kind of formulation and application of measures designed to protect public health.City sanitation is very important to the

46、 management of big cities.well-beingn. feeling of being comfortable, healthy and happy 舒适；健康；幸福舒适；健康；幸福We are responsible for the care and well-being of patients.People pay more and more attention to the sense of well-being.attempt to试图；企图试图；企图He attempted to control the inflation, but failed.The pr

47、otectors attempted to resist arrest.in ones view从某人的观点来看从某人的观点来看In his view, aid to the rebels should be suspended.In the teachers view, it is the best composition.Comprehension ExercisesExercise AExercise B3Exercise ACheck whether each statement is true (T) or false (F).1. According to Dr. Janice P

48、erlman, most megacities are livable places for people. ( )2. Settling in the city means greater choice, opportunity and well-being to people. ( )3. Large cities have nothing in common with each other. ( )4. All megacities share the problem in getting employment, housing, education and health care. (

49、 )5. According to the interviewee, most megacities are in developed country. ( )6. From the passage, it can be inferred that nearly all megacities were not decentralized. ( )7. Leaders of megacities have realized the similar problems and began to learn more from each other. ( )8. According to Dr. Ja

50、nice Perlman, she hates megacities. ( )FTFT FTTFExercise BDiscussion1. Why does Dr. Perlman say she prefers cities that are not planned over planned cities? _2. Why do you think Dr. Perlman thinks megacities are exciting? Do you agree? _3. Do you live in a megacity, or have you ever visited one? Wha

51、t are the pros and cons of living in a megacity? _4. Do you think life in megacities will improve in the future or get worse? Why? _Answers will vary.Answers will vary.Answers will vary.Answers will vary.Vocabulary ExerciseFill in the blanks in the following sentences with the words chosen from the

52、box. Change the forms where necessary.1. There is a strong _ between population growth and the increase in what are called greenhouse gases.2. The _ of the Web as a research tool has greatly expanded the availability of information while reducing the amount of time needed on each task.3. Life is mad

53、e up, not of great sacrifices or duties, but of little things, in which smiles and kindness, and small obligations win and _ the heart.4. It is _ essential for all the applicants to be interviewed one by one.5. Winfreys talent for public performance and _ in answering questions helped her win fame.l

54、ink advent preserve absolutely spontaneitywell-being gap collaboration anticipation elementspontaneity linkadventpreserveabsolutelyVocabulary Exercise6. Post-retirement employment appears to be beneficial for the psychological _ of those who have retired.7. The government will have to raise taxes to

55、 plug the _ between revenue and spending.8. Scientists hope the work done in _ with other researchers may be duplicated elsewhere.9. The architect and the decorator try to sustain and increase this excitement and _ as the spectator moves through the theater.10. The single most important _ that separ

56、ates ordinary photographs from good photographs is the lighting.link advent preserve absolutely spontaneitywell-being gap collaboration anticipation elementelement well-beinggapcollaborationanticipationVocabulary ActivityMatch the name of the city with the country, which it belongs to.A. Tokyo a. Br

57、itainB. Brasilia b. FranceC. Bombay c. BrazilD. Mexico City d. IndiaE. Los Angeles e. EgyptF. Barcelona f. MexicoG. Cairo g. United StatesH. Paris h. Spain I. London i. JapanWritingFormal LettersStep 1 PrewritingStep 2 WritingStep 3 Self-CheckStep 4 Peer Response33Complain About a ProblemFormal lett

58、ersStep 1 Prewriting. Listing ideas.Think of a problem in your community that you would like to complain about. List reasons why it is a problem.Problem: trash on side of buildingReasons: unpleasant to look at health hazardProblem:Reasons:Step 2 WritingOn a separate sheet of paper, use your notes to

59、 write a letter of complaint. State what you intend to do or what you would like to see done. Remember to use the appropriate level of formality.Step 3 Self-Check Did you use the proper salutation and closing? Are the tone and language in the letter appropriate for the audience? Did you use regular

60、spelling and punctuation and avoid abbreviations?Step 4 Peer ResponseExchange letters with a partner. Write an appropriate response to your partners letter, as if you were the person to whom it was addressed.Lesson 2ListeningSpeakingReadingWriting33ListeningTalk About Living in the CityListen to the