模块五非谓语动词

1、模块五 非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的定义和形式： 什么是非谓语动词？1. 非谓语动词有哪些形式：以do为例 时态三种形式一般式进行式完成式不定式主动 to doto be doingto have done被动to be doneto have been doneV-ing(动名词、现在分词）主动doinghaving done被动being donehaving been done过去分词主动done被动非谓形式非谓形式123，过去分词最简单；，过去分词最简单；现在分词动名词，两种形式记心间；现在分词动名词，两种形式记心间；不定式形式有三种，完成、进行和一般不定式形式有三种，完成、进行和一般。

2、口诀：二、熟练掌握非谓语动词的功能：主语宾语表语定语状语补语独立成分不定式动名词分词 现在 过去掌握三种谓语动词形式的六大区别试一试：写出试一试：写出clean和和write的各种非谓语动词形式的各种非谓语动词形式：考点：考点：考点一考点一 “非谓非谓”做主语做主语：不定式与动名词做主语时的区别不定式与动名词做主语时的区别Eg. 1. Seeing is believing. 2. To see is to believe. 动名词表示一般平常的行为，是经常性的动作。动名词表示一般平常的行为，是经常性的动作。动词不定式动词不定式 表示将来的具体某一次的动作表示将来的具体某一次的动作3. Sen

3、ding an e-mail is quite common today.4. To send an e-mail to you is my task today.6. It is my task to send an e-mail to you today.习惯搭配：It is no good (use, need) doing.It is worthwhile (useless) doing.There is no doing.不可能做.It is a waste of time doing.5.这一次很难拒绝他。To refuse him is not easy this time.(不

4、能用动名词做主语不能用动名词做主语)（不能用不定式）（不能用不定式）It is no use crying over the spilt milk.There is no joking about the matter.There is no denying the fact that.毋庸置疑考点二考点二 非谓语动词作表语非谓语动词作表语:My duty is to clean the classroom this afternoon.Im a cleaner, my job is cleaning the teaching building.2. 现在分词与过去分词作表语：The work

5、 was tiring.The workers were soon tired.起这种作用，主动起这种作用，主动受这种影响，被动受这种影响，被动3.动名词与现在分词作表语：My job is teaching.My job is interesting.动名词作表语，相当于名词，主语和表语位置动名词作表语，相当于名词，主语和表语位置可以互换可以互换现在分词相当于形容词，表语不可与主语调换位置现在分词相当于形容词，表语不可与主语调换位置三种非谓语动词形式都可以作表语：1. 动词不定式与动名词作表语：一、有些动词要接不定式作宾语，是习惯用法:decide, wait, want, hope/wis

6、h/expect, refuse, .口诀：决心等待想希望，拒绝设法愿假装；主动答应选计划，同意请求帮帮忙；负担得起需奋斗，威胁碰巧也渴望。She pretended not to see me when I passed by.The girl struggled to get away from her attacker.考点三、非谓语动词作宾语考点三、非谓语动词作宾语 动名词和不定式都可作宾语动名词和不定式都可作宾语二、有些动词要接动名词作宾语，也是习惯用法:consider, suggest, look forward to, excuse.口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟再设想；避免错

7、过继续练，否认完成就欣赏；禁止感激又冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。He got well-prepared for the interview, for he couldnt risk losing the good opportunity.Have you ever considered running a company?有些动词短语后面也要跟动名词作宾语：lead to, be used to, devote to, go back to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, look forward to, give up,

8、insist on，appologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty (in), have a good time(in)，spend time (in)，feel likeI look forward to going abroad for further study.三、有些动词既可跟动名词，又可跟不定式作宾语，有几种情况：三、有些动词既可跟动名词，又可跟不定式作宾语，有几种情况：意义相近：意义相近：begin, start, learn, cease2. 意义有些区别意义有些区别: like, love, care, hate, prefer3.

9、意义区别较大：意义区别较大：They began to clean (cleaning) the classroom as soon as they got to school.I learned to swim (swimming) at high school.I like swimming but I dont like to swim in the cold weather today.He prefers swimming to dancing in summer. He prefers to have a rest today.这些动词后接动名词作宾语，表示一般的倾向，是经常性的这

10、些动词后接动名词作宾语，表示一般的倾向，是经常性的接不定式作宾语，表示特定的具体行为，是一次性的接不定式作宾语，表示特定的具体行为，是一次性的forget, remember, try, mean, stop, regret, go on, cant help练习：1. She didnt remember _ (meet) him before.2. Weve always regreted _ (sell) the house.3. -When do you plan to leave? -I mean_(leave) tomorrow.4. This dictionary cant he

11、lp _ (learn) the language.4.在动词allow, permit, advise, forbid后面跟动名词作宾语，如果需要宾语补语，则要用动词不定式作宾补allow/ permit/ advise/ forbidsb. to do sth.doing sth.We forbid smoking here, but we allow you to smoke for a while.5. want, need, require 在表示某事“需要被做”时，可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动，也可用动词不定式的被动式作宾语翻译：窗户需要擦一下。The window needs/

12、wants/requirescleaningto be cleaned6. worth和worthy两个形容词后的宾语：翻译：这个地方值得参观This place is worth visiting.This place is worthy to be visited.This place is worthy of being visited.This place is worthy of a visit.练习：用所给动词的适当形式填空 He would like _ (sing) this song now Do you feel like _ (have) a cup of tea? Ou

13、r school dont allow_ (cheat) in exams. The extra money will allow us _ (buy) a car. This book is worth _ (read). This book is worthy of _ (read).1. All cars require _ (service) regularly. 四、在介词but, other than（除了）后用动词不定式作宾语，如果介词前面有实意动词do的某种形式，动词不定式就省略to.Eg. 1. We had no choice but to wait.2. We could

14、 do nothing but/other than wait.习惯搭配：在cannot (choose/help) but. (只好)had better, would rather. 后面的动词不定式也要省略toEg. 3. He cannot choose but stay on.4. I cannot but agree to his terms.5. The girl cannot help but wait for her mother.五、连接词+不定式，常在以下动词后面作宾语：tell / show / understand / explain teach / learn /a

15、dvice /discuss /ask decide /know/ wonder/ find out+what / how / whether where / when / who+ to do但why后面加不带to的不定式Eg. 1. He showed us how to do the work.2. We must decide whether to stay or to go.3. We havent discussed when to start our program.4. Can you tell me why do it?考点四、非谓语动词作定语考点四、非谓语动词作定语动词不定

16、式、动名词和分词都可以作定语动词不定式、动名词和分词都可以作定语一、动词不定式作定语动词不定式表将来动词不定式表将来修饰被序数词修饰被序数词,最高级或最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词，且与中心词是主动关系等限定的中心词，且与中心词是主动关系3.用来修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式用来修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式The car to be bought is for his sister.The old man is the professor to give us a lecture.He was the best man to do the job.You have a last

17、question to answer.We demand all the members to attend the meeting.ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt,belief, way, reason, moment, timeDo you have the ability to read and write in English?I have no chance to go sightseeing.One can think out many reasons to be absent

18、 from class.4. 作定语的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面要有相应的介词。Do you need a pen to write with?I have no paper to take down your telephone number on.The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place,way时，不定式后面的介词习惯省去。I have no money and no place to live (in).We have no

19、 time to spend (in) quarreling with you.5.作定语的动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词，如果是动词不定式动作的承受者，可用主动形式表被动意义，也可用动词不定式的被动式，但其含义有所不同Our manager have many work to do.Our manager have many work to be done.经理自己做经理自己做经理叫别人去做经理叫别人去做Ill fly to America next week and I have many things to take.Ill start off tomorrow. Do you have

20、anything to be brought to yourbrother?主语自己带主语自己带主语托别人带去主语托别人带去二、分词作定语 作定语的及物动词的分词形式：doing(主动、进行）being done （被动进行）；done （被动完成）I turned round and saw a car running towards me.The houses being built are for the teachers.I picked up a cellphone lost in a taxi. 2.不及物动词现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别：falling leavesfallen

21、 leavesboiling waterboiled waterdeveloping countrydeveloped country现在分词表示进行，过去分词表示完成1. Do you like the room _ by her? cleaned B. being cleaned C. to be cleaned D. having been cleaned非谓语动词表示被动：非谓语动词表示被动： cleaned，过去分词表示，过去分词表示“被动被动+完成完成” being cleaned, 现在分词被动式表示现在分词被动式表示“被动被动+进行进行” to be cleaned, 动词不定

22、式的被动式表示动词不定式的被动式表示“被动被动+将来将来” having been cleaned,现在分词的完成被动式表示分词动作现在分词的完成被动式表示分词动作发生在主句动作之前，发生在主句动作之前，like是一般现在时，不能搭配是一般现在时，不能搭配练习：练习：2. Do you know the boy _ (lie) under the big tree?3. Many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth,_ (believe) to be flat.4. The speech which he made

23、 _ (concern) the football match bored a lot of fans to death.5. If the building project _ (complete) by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.三、动名词作定语与分词作定语的区别：试比较：running machinewashing machine运转的机器运转的机器 洗衣机洗衣机swimming boyswimming pool正在游泳的男孩正在游泳的男孩游泳池游泳池boiling w

24、aterdrinking water沸水沸水饮用水饮用水现在分词的动作是由所修饰的名词发出的进行中的动作。现在分词的动作是由所修饰的名词发出的进行中的动作。动名词的动作表示所修饰名词的一般用途动名词的动作表示所修饰名词的一般用途。考点五、非谓语动词作补语考点五、非谓语动词作补语动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词都可以做宾语补足语动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词都可以做宾语补足语一、感官动词后的宾语补语：二、使役动词后的宾语补语see / watch / look at / notice /observe/ hear / listen to +宾+补I saw the woman cross the

25、street.I saw the woman crossing the street.I heard this song being sung by a girl when I passed by the room.I have never heard the song sung in English.表主动，全过程表主动，全过程表主动进行，瞬间表主动进行，瞬间被动进行被动进行被动完成被动完成1. make / have / let +宾+doget +宾+ to doThe boss made the boy work twelve hours a day.Mother got me to

26、stay at home alone.2. have (make /let)+宾语+doing sth.让让/使使.持续做某事持续做某事get+宾语+doing让让/使使.开始行动起来开始行动起来Eg. 1) Farmers had the machines working all the time.2) Can you get my watch going again?3. have / get / make +宾语+ done使得某事被做使得某事被做使使.遭受遭受.He made his idea known to his parents.Ill go to work by bus tod

27、ay because Ive had my car repaired.Tom had his leg broken while playing football.三、leave等动词后的宾补用法: leave+宾语+doing leave+宾语+undone Leave+宾语+to do/ to be done使使.保持某种状态保持某种状态留下某事未做留下某事未做留下留下.去做去做./ 被做被做Its wrong to leave the computer working.Its a waste to leave the water running from the tap.He left m

28、uch work unfinished because he was ill.The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didnttaste deliciousHe left, leaving me to do all the rest work.We hurriedly ended the meeting, leaving many problems to be settled.四、常跟不定式做宾补的动词：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encause, expect, forbid,

29、 force, getintend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, think, wait for, call on, depend onEg. 1) We dont allow anyone to break the regulation.2) The doctor warned him not to eat too much meat.五、下列结构常用不定式做主语补语：主语 +be+said / believed / reported

30、/ known /considered / found / thought / supposed+动词不定式各种形式He is said to have gone abroad.A new satellite is reported to be launched next year.Heat is considered to be a form of energy.练习：单项填空The teacher asked us _ so much noise. A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make2. An army spokesm

31、an stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered_ clear warnings before firing any shots.to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued3. I _ him to give up smoking, but he wouldnt listen.persuaded B. advised C. suggested D. Provided用适当的动词形式填空：4. He is thought _(invent) the first telep

32、hone in the world.5. Allen is said _ (design) a new computer program recently, but I dont know when she will finish it.考点六、非谓语动词作状语考点六、非谓语动词作状语动词不定式结构和分词结构都能作状语一、不定式作状语常表原因、目的和结果 常跟不定式作原因状语的形容词：happy, astonished, glad, sorry, amazed, surprised, sad,embarrased, annoied, disappointed等。He was disappoin

33、ted to hear about the news.She felt embarrased to be questioned about her marriage.The girl is very happy to be elected the mornitor.2. 动词不定式结构可做目的状语:He had to get up at six oclock to catch the early bus.强调目的时，不定式结构还常变化成in order to, so as to不能用于句首不能用于句首The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers.In

34、order to catch the early bus, he got up very early.3. 动词不定式表示结果：Eg. 1) My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China.常用来表示结果的不定式结构：too.to. / enough to. / only to.2) She is too tired to do the job.3) You are wise enough not to sell the house.4) We hurried to the station only to find that the tr

35、ain had left.否定意义否定意义表示事与愿违的结果表示事与愿违的结果二、分词作状语1. 作状语的分词形式和意义： 形式形式 意义意义v.-ing (doing)与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系，与主句动作基本上同时发生having+v.-edhaving done与句中主语为逻辑上的主动关系，先于主句动作发生v.-ed (done)与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系being+v.-edbeing done与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，且与主句动作同时发生，一般在句首做原因状语having been +v.-ed (done)与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系， 且先于主句动作发生2.分词作状语的基

36、本原则：分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致，句子主语必须是分词动作的执行者或承受者，否则不能用分词结构作状语。1）Looking out of the window, there were lots of people in front of the building.2) Waiting for a bus, a brick fell on my head.3) Arriving home, the door was found locked. we saw lots of people.When I was waiting for a bus, a brick .I fou

37、nd the door was locked.3.分词作状语的句法功能：分词可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式和伴随状况。Eg. 1) Having cleaned the classroom, the girl went home with her classmates.2) Be careful when crossing the street.3) Not knowing what to do next, I want to ask for your advice.4) Given more time, I would be able to finish the painting

38、.5) The puples went out of the teaching building, singing and laughing.6) Seriously injured, Ann was rushed to the hospital.7) Unless asked to answer questions, you shouldnt talk in class.8)My car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.9) Having been told many times, he still repeated t

39、he same mistake.时间时间时间时间原因原因条件条件伴随伴随原因原因条件条件结果结果让步让步4. 分词独立成分作状语：有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，与主句之间只有意义上的联系而没有语法关系，称作独立成分：Generally speakingFrankly speakingJudging from/by.Considering.To considerationSeeing .Supposing.Assuming.Given.Provided.Providing.Compared to/with.To be honest.To tell y

40、ou the truth.Saving.Admitting.一般来说一般来说坦白地说坦白地说根据根据.来判断来判断考虑到考虑到.鉴于鉴于.条件原因假如假如假设假设条件除非，除了除非，除了.虽说，即使虽说，即使.让步-Eg. 1) Considering your health, youd better have a rest.2) Judging from your accent, you are from the south.3) To tell you the truth, Im a little tired.4) Provided we get good weather, it will

41、 be a successful holiday.5) Admitting he is a good student, I dont think he is fit for the work.5. 分词的独立主格结构作状语：分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语是一致的（独立成分除外）但有时分词动作的执行者并非句子主语，分词前面带有逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构:Eg. 1)Working together with Dr. Bethune, we learned a lot from him. 2)Not having done it right, I tried again.名词（代词）+ doing (

42、done)3) Weather permitting, well gather in the wheat tomorrow.4) The meeting (being) over, we all left the room.5) This done, we can have a rest.6) Their room was on the second floor, its broad window overlooking the park.7) We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two.8) Almost all metals ar

43、e good conductors, silver being the best of all.条件条件时间时间时间时间伴随情况伴随情况方式方式伴随情况伴随情况分词作状语表示原因或伴随情况时，常在逻辑主语前加with, 构成复合结构：with+名词（代词）+分词短语Eg. 1) The old man often takes a walk after supper with his dog following him.2) With all the work finished, they went home.考点七考点七 非谓语动词的复合结构：非谓语动词的复合结构：2. 动词不定式的复合结构：

44、不定式动作的执行者（逻辑主语）如果不是句子主语，就要构成复合结构：for sb. to do sth.比较：He was anxious to meet you.He was anxious for his sister to meet you.He will be proud to win the gold medal.The father will be proud for his son to win the gold medal.Its important for us to learn English.Its wise of him to refuse your invitation.3.动名词的复合结构：动名词如果有自己的逻辑主语，前面加名词或代词的所有格表示动动名词如果有自己的逻辑主语，前面加名词或代词的所有格表示动作的执行者，口语中也可以用普通格。作的执行者，口语中也可以用普通格。Do you