英译汉谓语确定

1、句子翻译之谓语确定句子翻译之谓语确定英语句子谓语只有英语句子谓语只有动词和动词词组动词和动词词组才能充当才能充当She was smiling.He likes translation.They have become health-conscious.John is at home.We gave him advice.We consider that plan wonderful.He has put the salt on the table.The children might have been playing in the garden.I agree with you on th

2、at point.In the valley we came across a group of Mexicans.英汉谓语之比较英汉谓语之比较汉语的谓语也是句子中的重要成分，但汉语的谓语汉语的谓语也是句子中的重要成分，但汉语的谓语除了用动词充当，还可以用形容词除了用动词充当，还可以用形容词、名词或其他名词或其他词语充当。词语充当。他买了一本书。他买了一本书。他是江苏人。他是江苏人。小王今年小王今年29岁。岁。南京的秋天很美。南京的秋天很美。我的老师今天不在学校。我的老师今天不在学校。在英语句子中，作谓语的动词对句子其他成分的形在英语句子中，作谓语的动词对句子其他成分的形式和句子结构有很大影响

3、。谓语受主语支配，在式和句子结构有很大影响。谓语受主语支配，在人称和数人称和数上必须和主语一致。上必须和主语一致。He has put the salt( them) on the table.汉语句子中主语和谓语只要求在语义上一致，而无汉语句子中主语和谓语只要求在语义上一致，而无须在形式上对应。汉语句子中谓语不受主语支配，须在形式上对应。汉语句子中谓语不受主语支配，没有人称、数和时态变化。没有人称、数和时态变化。我常我常去去北京。北京。I often go to Beijing.他常他常去去上海。上海。He often goes to Shanghai.他昨天他昨天去去了常州。了常州。He

4、went to Changzhou yesterday.从这三个例子看出，汉语的谓语无形态变化，而英从这三个例子看出，汉语的谓语无形态变化，而英语的谓语有变化。语的谓语有变化。 v英译时谓语的确定英译时谓语的确定1 谓语确定应充分谓语确定应充分、贴切传达原意；贴切传达原意；中国经济将融入世界经济大潮。中国经济将融入世界经济大潮。The economy of China will merge into the tide of the world economy.The economy of China will converge with that of the world.中央政府不干预香港特

5、别行政区的事务。中央政府不干预香港特别行政区的事务。The central government has refrained from intervening in the affairs of the HKSAR.The central government has never intervened in the affairs of the HKSAR.这些时装模特逐渐镇定下来，有了自信。这些时装模特逐渐镇定下来，有了自信。These fashion models gradually calmed down, restored self-confidence.Gradually, thes

6、e fashion models calmed down and regained self-confidence.这座旅馆能接待这座旅馆能接待300多个旅客。多个旅客。This hotel can contain over three hundred passengers.This hotel can accommodate over three hundred guests.2 汉语动词无时态变化，时态概念通过词汇手段来汉语动词无时态变化，时态概念通过词汇手段来表达，英译时谓语时态要与原文一致表达，英译时谓语时态要与原文一致:新的景点不断出现，观光人数不断增加，地区经济新的景点不断出现，观

7、光人数不断增加，地区经济也有了也有了很大发展。很大发展。窗户玻璃打破窗户玻璃打破了了。在教室里，有人问在教室里，有人问了了老师许多问题。老师许多问题。今年今年要要多考几个资格证。多考几个资格证。据说，他已经去了日本。据说，他已经去了日本。It is said that he has gone to Japan.已经达成了多项协议。已经达成了多项协议。A lot of agreements have been reached.今年要出台多项新政策。今年要出台多项新政策。Many new policies will be formulated this year.同学们选他做代表，他很高兴。同学们

8、选他做代表，他很高兴。His classmates elected him representative, so he was very glad.这位驾驶员开车时心不在焉，几乎引起一场车祸。这位驾驶员开车时心不在焉，几乎引起一场车祸。The drivers absent-mindedness during his driving nearly caused a traffic accident.他从未料到问题会这么复杂。他从未料到问题会这么复杂。He has never expected that the problem is so complicated.3 用系表结构作谓语用系表结构作谓

9、语,连系动词之后须带主语补语连系动词之后须带主语补语（Subject complement)这些椅子舒适大方，携带方便。这些椅子舒适大方，携带方便。These chairs are comfortable and convenient to carry.她变得如此温柔和体贴。她变得如此温柔和体贴。she becomes so gentle and considerate.在陌生的环境里她感到很不自在。在陌生的环境里她感到很不自在。she didnt feel completely at ease in the strange surroundings.我们的国防变得越来越巩固和强大。我们的国防

10、变得越来越巩固和强大。Our national defense becomes more and more consolidatory and powerful.他在会上说的话非常正确，非常有说服力。他在会上说的话非常正确，非常有说服力。What he said at the meeting is very right and persuasive.他们的言语和行动充满了信心和自豪。他们的言语和行动充满了信心和自豪。They are confident and proud in their speeches and actions.4 谓语和主语在人称和数上必须保持一致谓语和主语在人称和数上必

11、须保持一致:当前，我国的职业教育和成人教育正在加快发展。当前，我国的职业教育和成人教育正在加快发展。Vocational education and adult education are being pushed on energetically in our country.五十英里对我来说是很长一段路程。五十英里对我来说是很长一段路程。Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me.5 如果在一个句子中有几个动词，就确定一个动词如果在一个句子中有几个动词，就确定一个动词作谓语，其他动词可译作非谓语动词或介词短作谓语，其他动词可译作非谓语动词或介词短语

12、语:他告诉我在各种情况下都要保持冷静。他告诉我在各种情况下都要保持冷静。He told me to keep calm under all circumstances.女主人端着几杯葡萄酒走了进来。女主人端着几杯葡萄酒走了进来。The hostess came in with several glasses of wine.南宁市政府招商代表团吸引了许多东南亚客商来南南宁市政府招商代表团吸引了许多东南亚客商来南宁洽谈项目。宁洽谈项目。The delegation of inviting investment of Nanning City has attracted many business

13、men from Southeast Asia to Nanning to hold talks on different projects.上海采取了一系列优惠政策吸引外资。上海采取了一系列优惠政策吸引外资。A series of preferential policies have been adopted in Shanghai to attract foreign capital.6 如果不知道原文动作发出者是谁，或原文主语为如果不知道原文动作发出者是谁，或原文主语为人们、大家等，或句中含有据说、据传等提法时，人们、大家等，或句中含有据说、据传等提法时，译文中谓语常用被动译文中谓语常用

14、被动:新改建的城中公园建了许多草坪。新改建的城中公园建了许多草坪。Plenty of lawns were built in the gardens of the new-renovated citys centers.大家知道盐对金属有很强的腐蚀作用。大家知道盐对金属有很强的腐蚀作用。Salt is known to have a strong corroding effect on metals.应该教育孩子讲实话。应该教育孩子讲实话。Children should be taught to tell the truth.几年前发现了一颗新彗星。几年前发现了一颗新彗星。A new comet was