海商法课件第四章5

1、5. The period of responsibility of the carrier “The period of liability”: the scope of time that the carrier should be liable for the loss and damage of goods( 组图组图1 组图组图2 组图组图3） HR、Hv.R Art.7： HbR：Art.4： RmR:Art.12 CMC 46： The period of liability is different between container cargoes and non-conta

2、iner cargoes. The period of liability for container cargoes is expressed by different combination among CY- CFS- DOORQuestion: If the cause of damage of goods happens within the period of liability but the result of damage of goods occurs outside of the period of liability.How to deal with this kind

3、 of situation?6. Basic responsibilities of the shipper（1） provide agreed goods and properly pack the goods （CMC66）（2） handle the procedures for the export of goods in time （CMC67）（3） the obligation for transporting dangerous goods（CMC68 Contract Law 307) （4） the obligation of paying freight and othe

4、r fees （ CMC 69）（5）the obligation for compensation of the shipper: the basis of liability is fault liability system, except Art.66、67 、68.（ CMC 70） RmR: Art 30,31,32: presumption of fault, the obligation of providing information of goods and dangerous goods is strict liability.7. the obligations of

5、the consignee(1) The obligation of paying freight and other feesB/LB/LB/Lthe shipperthe carrier the consignee Art.69 托运人应当按照约定向承运人支付运费托运人应当按照约定向承运人支付运费 Article 69 The shipper shall pay the freight to the carrier as agreed. Art.78(2)The shipper and the carrier may reach an agreement that the freight

6、shall be paid by the consignee. However, such an agreement shall be noted in the transport documents.RmR:第第42条条“预付运费预付运费” 合同事项载有合同事项载有“预付运费预付运费”声明或类似性声明或类似性质声明的，承运人不能以运费尚未支付这一主张对抗持有人或收货人。质声明的，承运人不能以运费尚未支付这一主张对抗持有人或收货人。持有人或收货人也是托运人的，本条不适用。持有人或收货人也是托运人的，本条不适用。RmR: article 42 If the contract particular

7、s contain the statement “freight prepaid” or a statement of a similar nature, the carrier cannot assert against the holder or the consignee the fact that the freight has not been paid. This article does not apply if the holder or the consignee is also the shipper.收货人、提单持有人不承担在装货港发生的滞期费、亏舱收货人、提单持有人不承

8、担在装货港发生的滞期费、亏舱费和其他与装货有关的费用，但是提单中明确载明上述费费和其他与装货有关的费用，但是提单中明确载明上述费用由收货人、提单持有人承担的除外。用由收货人、提单持有人承担的除外。Neither the consignee nor the holder of the bill of lading shall be liable for the demurrage, dead freight and all other expenses in respect of loading occurred at the loading port unless the bill of la

9、ding clearly states that the aforesaid demurrage, dead freight and all other expenses shall be borne by the consignee and the holder of the bill of lading.（2）the obligation of receiving the goods timely Dispute: receiving the goods is right or obligation? Contract Law 309 and RmR 43,47(1)第第4343条条 接受

10、交货的义务：接受交货的义务：当货物到达目的地后，要求交付货物的收货人应在运输合同约定时间和期限当货物到达目的地后，要求交付货物的收货人应在运输合同约定时间和期限内，在运输合同约定的地点接受交货。如无此种约定，则在考虑合同条款和内，在运输合同约定的地点接受交货。如无此种约定，则在考虑合同条款和行业习惯、惯例以及运输情形，能够合理预期的交货时间、地点接受交货。行业习惯、惯例以及运输情形，能够合理预期的交货时间、地点接受交货。When the goods have arrived at their destination, the consignee that demands delivery of

11、 the goods under the contract of carriage shall accept delivery of the goods at the time or within the time period and at the location agreed in the contract of carriage or, failing such agreement, at the time and location at which, having regard to the terms of the contract, the customs, usages or

12、practices of the trade and the circumstances of the carriage, delivery could reasonably be expected.第第4747（1 1）条：）条：可转让运输单证或可转让电子运输记录的持有人有权在货物到达目的地后向可转让运输单证或可转让电子运输记录的持有人有权在货物到达目的地后向承运人主张提取货物承运人主张提取货物。The holder of the negotiable transport document or negotiable electronic transport record is entitl

13、ed to claim delivery of the goods from the carrier after they have arrived at the place of destination. The handling of non-taking delivery of goods, delay in delivery and refusal to delivery CMC 86 The reasons of non-taking delivery of goods :1. Disputes of contract of sales2. Disputes of contract

14、of transportation3. The change of laws at port of destination4. The consignee cant get certificate of import license.8. Legal status of the employees and agents of the carrier Himalayas ClauseCMC 58 If the action is brought against the carriers employees or agents (independent contractor, not the ca

15、rrier), then the employees or agents are entitled to quote the defenses and limit of liability of the carrier in the Hague Rules.9. Legal status of the actual carrier and his employees and agents （1）The definition of the actual carrier CMC 42（2）（2）Legal status（CMC60、61、62、63、64、65） shipownerchartere

16、rshipper10. Cancellation of the contract of carriage of goods by sea 解解除除合合同同任意解除任意解除/自愿解除自愿解除因一方违约而解除因一方违约而解除因合同受阻因合同受阻(frustration of contract)而解除而解除CMC第第90条条 第第91条条开航前任意解除开航前任意解除开航后任意解除开航后任意解除CMC第第89条条合同法合同法第第93、94、308条条CMC 78 承运人同收货人、提单持有人之间的权利、义务关系，依据提承运人同收货人、提单持有人之间的权利、义务关系，依据提单的规定确定。单的规定确定。 T

17、he relationship between the carrier and the holder of the bill of lading with respect to their rights and obligations shall be defined by the clauses of the bill of lading. 收货人、提单持有人不承担在装货港发生的滞期费、亏舱费和收货人、提单持有人不承担在装货港发生的滞期费、亏舱费和其他与装货有关的费用，但是提单中明确载明上述费用由收货其他与装货有关的费用，但是提单中明确载明上述费用由收货人、提单持有人承担的除外。人、提单持有

18、人承担的除外。 Neither the consignee nor the holder of the bill of lading shall be liable for the demurrage, dead freight and all other expenses in respect of loading occurred at the loading port unless the bill of lading clearly states that the aforesaid demurrage, dead freight and all other expenses shal

19、l be borne by the consignee and the holder of the bill of lading.CMC42(1)(3) 本章下列用语的含义本章下列用语的含义： For the purposes of this Chapter: （一）（一）“承运人承运人”，是指本人或者委托他人以本人名义与托运人订立海，是指本人或者委托他人以本人名义与托运人订立海上货物运输合同的人上货物运输合同的人。 (1) Carrier means the person by whom or in whose name a contract of carriage of goods by

20、sea has been concluded with a shipper; （三）（三）“托运人托运人”，是指：，是指： 1. 1. 本人或者委托他人以本人名义或者委托他人为本人与承运人订立海上本人或者委托他人以本人名义或者委托他人为本人与承运人订立海上货物运输合同的人；货物运输合同的人； 2. 2. 本人或者委托他人以本人名义或者委托他人为本人将货物交给与海上本人或者委托他人以本人名义或者委托他人为本人将货物交给与海上货物运输合同有关的承运人的人。货物运输合同有关的承运人的人。 (3) Shipper means: a) The person by whom or in whose nam

21、e or on whose behalf a contract of carriage of goods by sea has been concluded with a carrier; b) The person by whom or in whose name or on whose behalf the goods have been delivered to the carrier involved in the contract of carriage of goods by sea;CMC 69（1） 托运人应当按照约定向承运人支付运费。 The shipper shall pa

22、y the freight to the carrier as agreed. 托运人与承运人可以约定运费由收货人支付；但是，此项约定应当在运输单证中载明。 The shipper and the carrier may reach an agreement that the freight shall be paid by the consignee. However, such an agreement shall be noted in the transport documents.CMC72(1) 货物由承运人接收或者装船后，应托运人的要求，承运人应当签发提单。 When the g

23、oods have been taken over by the carrier or have been loaded on board, the carrier shall, on demand of the shipper, issue to the shipper a bill of lading.2008 The Rotterdam RulesDocumentary shipper 托运人以外的，同意在运输单证或电子运输记录中记名为托运人以外的，同意在运输单证或电子运输记录中记名为“托运人托运人”的人。的人。 a person other than the shipper, that

24、 accepts to be named as “shipper” in the transport document or electronic transport record. 第第35条规定：除非双方约定不使用运输单证或电子运输记录，否则，货物一经向条规定：除非双方约定不使用运输单证或电子运输记录，否则，货物一经向承运人或履约方交付运输，托运人，或经托运人同意的单证托运人，有权按照承运人或履约方交付运输，托运人，或经托运人同意的单证托运人，有权按照托运人的选择，从承运人处获得可转让运输单证或不可转让运输单证。托运人的选择，从承运人处获得可转让运输单证或不可转让运输单证。 Unless

25、the shipper and the carrier have agreed not to use a transport document or an electronic transport record, or it is the custom, usage or practice of the trade not to use one, upon delivery of the goods for carriage to the carrier or performing party, the shipper or, if the shipper consents, the docu

26、mentary shipper, is entitled to obtain a negotiable transport document or a non-negotiable transport document from the carrier, at the shippers option.CMC43 承运人或者托运人可以要求书面确认海上货物运输合同的成立。但是，航次租船合同应当书面订立。电报、电传和传真具有书面效力。 The carrier or the shipper may demand confirmation of the contract of carriage of g

27、oods by sea in writing. However, voyage charter shall be done in writing. Telegrams, telexes and telefaxes have the effect of written documents.CMC 47 承运人在船舶开航前和开航当时，应当谨慎处理，使船舶处于适航状态，妥善配备船员、装备船舶和配备供应品，并使货舱、冷藏舱、冷气舱和其他载货处所适于并能安全收受、载运和保管货物。 The carrier shall, before and at the beginning of the voyage,

28、exercise due diligence to make the ship seaworthy, properly man, equip and supply the ship and to make the holds, refrigerating and cool chambers and all other parts of the ship in which goods are carried, fit and safe for their reception, carriage and preservation.散货及其他非集装箱货装卸组图散货及其他非集装箱货装卸组图Pictur

29、es of loading and unloading of bulk cargoes and other non-container cargoesjiLoading grain into the bulk carrier ANAIS LAND at Immingham Docks, England. One eye on the weather all the time ! One drop of rain and .Get the hatch covers on quick !Inside one of the 7 holds of a panamax bulker. A bulldoz

30、er sweeping up the last of the cargo.图为将海运贸易货物吊装到运输货轮上。图为将海运贸易货物吊装到运输货轮上。This picture shows ocean commercial goods are hoisted to the ship of transport. 运用托盘进行装卸运用托盘进行装卸use pallets to load and unload集装箱钢材装卸细节组图集装箱钢材装卸细节组图Pictures of details of loading and unloading of containerized steel非集装箱钢材装卸细节组图

31、非集装箱钢材装卸细节组图 Pictures of details of loading and unloading of non-containeried steelHR、Hv .R Art.7Carriage of goods covers the period from the time when the goods are loaded on board to the time when they are discharged from the ship. The carrier may enter into any agreement with the shipper as to th

32、e responsibility of the carrier before loading and after discharging from the ship.HbR：Art.4Period of responsibility 1. The responsibility of the carrier for the goods under this Convention covers the period during which the carrier is in charge of the goods at the port of loading, during the carria

33、ge and at the port of discharge. 第第12条条 承运人的责任期间承运人的责任期间Article 12 Period of responsibility of the carrier 一、承运人根据本公约对货物的责任期间，自承运人或履约方为运输而接收货物时开始，至货物交付时终止。一、承运人根据本公约对货物的责任期间，自承运人或履约方为运输而接收货物时开始，至货物交付时终止。 二、二、 收货地的法律或条例要求将货物交给某当局或其他第三方，承运人可以从该当局或该其他第三方提取货物的，承运人的收货地的法律或条例要求将货物交给某当局或其他第三方，承运人可以从该当局或该其他

34、第三方提取货物的，承运人的责任期自承运人从该当局或从该其他第三方提取货物时开始。责任期自承运人从该当局或从该其他第三方提取货物时开始。 交货地的法律或条例要求将货物交给某当局或其他第三方，收货人可以从该当局或该其他第三方提取货物的，承运人的责任交货地的法律或条例要求将货物交给某当局或其他第三方，收货人可以从该当局或该其他第三方提取货物的，承运人的责任期至承运人将货物交给该当局或该其他第三方时终止。期至承运人将货物交给该当局或该其他第三方时终止。 三、为确定承运人的责任期，各当事人可以约定接收和交付货物的时间和地点，但运输合同条款作下述规定的即为无效：三、为确定承运人的责任期，各当事人可以约定接

35、收和交付货物的时间和地点，但运输合同条款作下述规定的即为无效： 接收货物的时间是在根据运输合同开始最初装货之后；或接收货物的时间是在根据运输合同开始最初装货之后；或 交付货物的时间是在根据运输合同完成最后卸货之前。交付货物的时间是在根据运输合同完成最后卸货之前。1.The period of responsibility of the carrier for the goods under this Convention begins when the carrier or a performing party receives the goods for carriage and ends

36、when the goods are delivered.2.(a)If the law or regulations of the place of receipt require the goods to be handed over to an authority or other third party from which the carrier may collect them, the period of responsibility of the carrier begins when the carrier collects the goods from the author

37、ity or other third party.(b)If the law or regulations of the place of delivery require the carrier to hand over the goods to an authority or other third party from which the consignee may collect them, the period of responsibility of the carrier ends when the carrier hands the goods over to the auth

38、ority or other third party.3.For the purpose of determining the carriers period of responsibility, the parties may agree on the time and location of receipt and delivery of the goods, but a provision in a contract of carriage is void to the extent that it provides that:(a)The time of receipt of the

39、goods is subsequent to the beginning of their initial loading under the contract of carriage; or(b)The time of delivery of the goods is prior to the completion of their final unloading under the contract of carriage.CMC 第第46条条CMC Article 46承运人对集装箱装运的货物的责任期间，是指从装货港接收货物时起至卸货港交付货物时止，货物处于承运人掌管之下的全部期间。承运

40、人对非集装箱装运的货物的责任期间，是指从货物装上船时起至卸下船时止，货物处于承运人掌管之下的全部期间。在承运人的责任期间，货物发生灭失或者损坏，除本节另有规定外，承运人应当负赔偿责任。The responsibilities of the carrier with regard to the goods carried in containers covers the entire period during which the carrier is in charge of the goods, starting from the time the carrier has taken ove

41、r the goods at the port of loading, until the goods have been delivered at the port of discharge. The responsibility of the carrier with respect to non-containerized goods covers the period during which the carrier is in charge of the goods, starting from the time of loading of the goods onto the sh

42、ip until the time the goods are discharged therefrom. During the period the carrier is in charge of the goods, the carrier shall be liable for the loss of or damage to the goods, except as otherwise provided for in this Section.前款规定，不影响承运人就非集装箱装运的货物，在装船前和卸船后所承担的责任，达成任何协议。The provisions of the preced

43、ing paragraph shall not prevent the carrier from entering into any agreement concerning carriers responsibilities with regard to non-containerized goods prior to loading onto and after discharging from the ship.CMC第第66条条CMC Article 66 托运人托运货物，应当妥善包装，并向承运人保证，货物装船时所提供的货物的品名、标志、包数或者件数、重量或者体积的正确性；由于包装不良

44、或者上述资料不正确，对承运人造成损失的，托运人应当负赔偿责任。 承运人依照前款规定享有的受偿权利，不影响其根据货物运输合同对托运人以外的人所承担的责任。The shipper shall have the goods properly packed and shall guarantee the accuracy of the description, mark, number of packages or pieces, weight or quantity of the goods at the time of shipment and shall indemnity the carrie

45、r against any loss resulting from inadequacy of packing or inaccuracies in the abovementioned information.The carriers right to indemnification as provided for in the preceding paragraph shall not affect the obligation of the carrier under the contract of carriage of goods towards those other than t

46、he shipper.CMC第第67条条CMC Article 67托运人应当及时向港口、海关、检疫、检验和其他主管机关办理货物运输所需要的各项手续，并将已办理各项手续的单证送交承运人；因办理各项手续的有关单证送交不及时、不完备或者不正确，使承运人的利益受到损害的，托运人应当负赔偿责任。The shipper shall perform all necessary procedures at the port, customs, quarantine, inspection or other competent authorities with respect to the shipment

47、of the goods and shall furnish to the carrier all relevant documents concerning the procedures the shipper has gone through. The shipper shall be liable for any damage to the interest of the carrier resulting from the inadequacy or inaccuracy or delay in delivery of such documents. CMC第第68条条CMC Arti

48、cle 68托运人托运危险货物，应当依照有关海上危险货物运输的规定，妥善包装，做出危险品标志和标签，并将其正式名称和性质以及应当采取的预防危害措施书面通知承运人；托运人未通知或者通知有误的，承运人可以在任何时间、任何地点根据情况需要将货物卸下、销毁或者使之不能为害，而不负赔偿责任。托运人对承运人因运输此类货物所受到的损害，应当负赔偿责任。 承运人知道危险货物的性质并已同意装运的，仍然可以在该项货物对于船舶、人员或者其他货物构成实际危险时，将货物卸下、销毁或者使之不能为害，而不负赔偿责任。但是，本款规定不影响共同海损的分摊。At the time of shipment of dangerous

49、 goods, the shipper shall, in compliance with the regulations governing the carriage of such goods, have them properly packed, distinctly marked and labelled and notify the carrier in writing of their proper description, nature and the precautions to be taken. In case the shipper fails to notify the

50、 carrier or notified him inaccurately, the carrier may have such goods landed, destroyed or rendered innocuous when and where circumstances so require, without compensation. The shipper shall be liable to the carrier for any loss, damage or expense resulting from such shipment.Notwithstanding the ca

51、rriers knowledge of the nature of the dangerous goods and his consent to carry, he may still have such goods landed, destroyed or rendered innocuous, without compensation, when they become an actual danger to the ship, the crew and other persons on board or to other goods. However, the provisions of

52、 this paragraph shall not prejudice the contribution in general average, if any. 合同法第合同法第307条条Contract Law Article 307托运人托运易燃、易爆、有毒、有腐蚀性、有放射性等危险物品的，应当按照国家有关危险物品运输的规定对危险物品妥善包装，作出危险物标志和标签，并将有关危险物品的名称、性质和防范措施的书面材料提交承运人。托运人违反前款规定的，承运人可以拒绝运输，也可以采取相应措施以避免损失的发生，因此产生的费用由托运人承担。When shipping such dangerous ar

53、ticles as are inflammable, explosive, corrosive or radioactive, a shipper shall appropriately pack the articles in conformity with the rules of the State governing the carriage of dangerous articles, and put on the marks and labels for dangerous articles and submit the written papers relating to the

54、 nature and measures of precaution to the carrier. Where a shipper violates the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the carrier may refuse to undertake the carriage, or take corresponding measures to avoid damage. Expenses thus caused shall be borne by the shipper. CMC 第第69条条CMC Article 69托运人应当按照

55、约定向承运人支付运费。 托运人与承运人可以约定运费由收货人支付；但是，此项约定应当在运输单证中载明。The shipper shall pay the freight to the carrier as agreed.The shipper and the carrier may reach an agreement that the freight shall be paid by the consignee. However, such an agreement shall be noted in the transport documents. CMC第第70条条 CMC Article

56、 70 托运人对承运人、实际承运人所遭受的损失或者船舶所遭受的损坏，不负赔偿责任；但是，此种损失或者损坏是由于托运人或者托运人的受雇人、代理人的过失造成的除外。 托运人的受雇人、代理人对承运人、实际承运人所遭受的损失或者船舶所遭受的损坏，不负赔偿责任；但是，这种损失或者损坏是由于托运人的受雇人、代理人的过失造成的除外。The shipper shall not be liable for the loss sustained by the carrier or the actual carrier, or for the damage sustained by the ship, unless

57、 such loss or damage was caused by the fault of the shipper, his servant or agent.The servant or agent of the shipper shall not be liable for the loss sustained by the carrier or the actual carrier, or for the damage sustained by the ship, unless the loss or damage was caused by the fault of the ser

58、vant or agent of the shipper.合同法合同法第第309条条 Contract Law Article 309货物运输到达后，承运人知道收货人的，应当及时通知收货人，收货人应当及时提货。收货人逾期提货的，应当向承运人支付保管费等费用。After the goods carriage is completed, if the carrier has the knowledge of the consignee, it shall notify the consignee promptly and the consignee shall claim the goods pr

59、omptly. Where the consignee claims the goods exceeding the time limit, it shall pay to the carrier for such expenses as storage of the goods, etc. CMC第第86条条CMC Article 86在卸货港无人提取货物或者收货人迟延、拒绝提取货物的，船长可以将货物卸在仓库或者其他适当场所，由此产生的费用和风险由收货人承担。 If the goods were not taken delivery of at the port of discharge o

60、r if the consignee has delayed or refused the taking delivery of the goods, the Master may discharge the goods into warehouses or other appropriate places, and any expenses or risks arising therefrom shall be borne by the consignee.海关法第海关法第30条（条（1）、（）、（4）Customs Law Article 30(1)、(4)进口货物的收货人自运输工具申报进