动词不定式课件

1、 is better than . means victory! 在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，常采在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，常采用先行用先行it代替主语，而把不定式后置：代替主语，而把不定式后置： Its a great pleasure . It is not an easy thing . 这种后置不定式的结构也适用于某些这种后置不定式的结构也适用于某些 谓语动词不是系动词的句子，如：谓语动词不是系动词的句子，如： It took us five hours . It made us very angry .归纳：归纳：It is +adj.+ for/ of sb to do st

2、h不定式结构的逻辑主语通常可在特定不定式结构的逻辑主语通常可在特定的上下文或情景中看出，也可以由的上下文或情景中看出，也可以由“ for + 名词词组名词词组” 来表示，如：来表示，如：It is not hard to do a bit of good. It was difficult to do the work.某些形容词在上述结构中作表语时，常某些形容词在上述结构中作表语时，常在不定式之前加上在不定式之前加上 “of + 名词词组名词词组” 来说明来说明不定式所指的是谁的情况，如：不定式所指的是谁的情况，如： Its kind to think so much of us. Its

3、very nice to be so considerate. Its unwise to turn down the proposal. 1主语和表语都是不定式（其含义往往一是主语和表语都是不定式（其含义往往一是条件，一是结果），如：条件，一是结果），如： To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. To do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe. To see is to believe.2主语是以主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, intention,

4、 plan, proposal, job, suggestion 等为中心词的名等为中心词的名词词组，或以词词组，或以 what 引导的名词性从句表示，后引导的名词性从句表示，后面的不定式说明其内容，如：面的不定式说明其内容，如： My idea is . Your mistake was . My suggestion is . What I would suggest is . ：在某些句型中，当主语部分有动作动词：在某些句型中，当主语部分有动作动词时，作表语的不定式可以省略符号时，作表语的不定式可以省略符号 “”，如：，如： All we have to do is . The only

5、 thing I can do now is . All I could do was . 1“”。这类动词这类动词常见的有：常见的有：afford, agree, arrange, ask, choose, decide, demand, desire, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, continue, try, start, forget, mean, intend, begin, 等，例如：等，例如： Ive arranged .

6、I didnt expect .2“”。（这种不定式结构接近一个名词从句）。这这种不定式结构接近一个名词从句）。这类动词常见的有：类动词常见的有：tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, forget, inquire, know, explain, remember, see, understand, wonder 等。等。 疑问词（也称连接代疑问词（也称连接代/副词）有：副词）有：what, where, who(m), when, how, whether, which（why 除外），如：除外），如：I d

7、ont know what to do / where to go / who(m) to ask / when to stop / how to get there.I havent decided whether to sell it or not.We must find out what to do next / where to put it.注注 ：如果作宾语的不定式结构有自己的补语，：如果作宾语的不定式结构有自己的补语，则应使用先行则应使用先行 it，把不定式后置，例如：，把不定式后置，例如： I find it difficult to understand him. We t

8、hought it wrong not to help her. They found it impossible to get everything ready in time.归纳：归纳：I find/ think/ believe it +adj. +to do sth注注 ：不定式结构一般不可作介词宾语：不定式结构一般不可作介词宾语, 只有只有在个别场合在个别场合, 即在含有否定意义的带有介词即在含有否定意义的带有介词 except 或或 but (=except) 的结构中才能这样用，的结构中才能这样用，例如：例如： He seldom comes except . The chil

9、d nothing except . She can anything but .He will anything for you except . They could nothing but .国庆节即将来临，很多人都计划出外。但去哪国庆节即将来临，很多人都计划出外。但去哪里对他们来说真是头疼，因为到处都堵车。而里对他们来说真是头疼，因为到处都堵车。而且，如果去远的地方，所需时间多。且，如果去远的地方，所需时间多。The National Day is coming. Many people plan to go out. But where to go is a real headach

10、e for them, because there will be traffic jams everywhere. Whats more, it takes them much time to go to a far place.不定式作定语通常只能放在被修饰的名词之后，不定式作定语通常只能放在被修饰的名词之后，如：如： Its time . He is not a man . Have you anything ? She usually has a lot of meetings in the evening.归纳：归纳：sb has something +to do注：不定式结构与所修

11、饰的名词，意义上有注：不定式结构与所修饰的名词，意义上有着主谓关系或动宾关系，如：着主谓关系或动宾关系，如： He has a large family to support (= that he must support).注：处于动宾关系的情况下，如果不定式是注：处于动宾关系的情况下，如果不定式是，它后面应加上必要的，它后面应加上必要的，如：，如： The nurse has five children to look . Lets first find a room to put the things . 有时为了明确不定式结构的逻辑关系，可有时为了明确不定式结构的逻辑关系，可以在不定式

12、之前加上以在不定式之前加上for + 名词词组，如：名词词组，如： Heres a book for you to read. He gave orders for the visitors to be shown in. 不定式结构可以作状语，修饰动词、形容词、不定式结构可以作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示副词等，表示等。等。 They ran over . He bought a bicycle . He went home .不定式的否定结构在不定式符号不定式的否定结构在不定式符号 to 之前之前加上加上not，如：，如： He came here to see Charlie.

13、He shouted and waved to be noticed. He went early not to miss the train. I turned the radio down not to disturb him. Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle / tell me the time? Im not such a fool as to believe that. The boy is old enough to go to school. His eyesight is too poor to read such

14、 small letters.*不定式之前有时可以加上不定式之前有时可以加上only或或but only，以加强语气，如：以加强语气，如： He got to the station only to be told the train had gone. They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. The teacher entered the classroom only to find that nobody was there. I am happy to know him. He was frightened to see

15、 the snake. She seemed surprised to meet us. Dont force yourself when you have nothing to say. He believed the earth . Did you see a young man ? 表示表示“希望希望”“”“愿望愿望”等心理状态的动词，等心理状态的动词，如：如： wish, desire, expect, prefer, encourage, trust 等。等。 What do you desire me ? The director preferred her . 含有含有“让让”“

16、”“允许允许”“”“促使促使”“”“致使致使”等使等使役意义的动词，如：役意义的动词，如：let, allow, permit, lead, cause, 等。等。 We mustnt let this . His parents dont allow him to go out at night. 带有带有“请求请求”“”“恳求恳求”等感情色彩的动词，等感情色彩的动词，如：如：ask, desire, invite, beg, request等。等。 He begged me . They invited an expert to talk about how to learn a fore

17、ign language. 含有含有“建议建议”“”“劝告劝告”等意义的动词，如：等意义的动词，如：advise, persuade, call on, urge 等。等。 He urged us . The dentist advised me . 含有含有“命令命令”“”“强迫强迫”“”“禁止禁止”等意义的动等意义的动词，如：词，如：order, command, require, tell, make, force, drive, forbid, warn 等。等。 He required us .The doctor ordered him . I warn you . 其他还有：其他

18、还有：help, teach, show, assist, report, bear, wait for, train, depend on 等。等。 He promised to teach me . We should train them . We are waiting for the train . He observed someone open the door. I watched them get into the car. Did you notice him leave the room?如：如： The boss made them from morning till

19、night. They were made from morning till night.不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态和语态 主动语态主动语态 被动语态被动语态一般式一般式 to write to be written完成式完成式 to have written to have been written进行式进行式 to be writing1) 2) He hurried to the station, only to find that the train had left.2.不定式的不定式的表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，如：表示的动作之前发生，如： Im

20、glad to have seen your mother. 1构成复合谓语，如：构成复合谓语，如： 1) He is said to have written a new book about workers. = (It is said that he has written a new book about workers.)常用完成式的结构常用完成式的结构2) The enemy was reported to have surrendered.= (It was reported that the enemy had surrendered.)Sb be said/ reported

21、 to have done sth 据说、据说、据报道某人已经做了某事据报道某人已经做了某事3） He seemed to have known the truth.1构成复合谓语，如：构成复合谓语，如： They are said to be building another bridge across the river. They seem to be getting along quite well. I happened to be going that way too.2在某些动词后构成复合宾语，如：在某些动词后构成复合宾语，如： We didnt expect you to be

22、 waiting for us here.3在某些动词后作宾语，如：在某些动词后作宾语，如： He pretended to be listening attentively.4有时可以作主语或状语，如：有时可以作主语或状语，如： I am glad to be working with you. (状语状语) Its nice of you to be thinking of us. (主语主语) They are said to have been collecting folk songs in Yunnan. She wished to have been training as ha

23、rd as the others. Its a great pleasure to have been working with you.1作主语：作主语： It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.2作宾语：作宾语： She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.3构成复合宾语：构成复合宾语： He wanted the letter to be typed at once. She didnt like herself to be praised like that.4构成复合谓语：构成复合谓语：

24、The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.5作定语：作定语： Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers office?6作状语：作状语： She was too young to be assigned such work.It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.（主语）（主语）She preferred to have been given heavie