高考英语阅读理解最佳讲解(特级名师上课资料看了就有收获)

1、Tasks:1. 阅读简介阅读简介2. 阅读特点阅读特点3. 阅读要求阅读要求4. 阅读题型阅读题型5. 错误类型错误类型6. 所遇困难所遇困难7. 技巧点拨技巧点拨 一一. 简介简介 阅读理解能力阅读理解能力是中学英语教学大是中学英语教学大纲所要求培养的四项基本技能之一，纲所要求培养的四项基本技能之一，阅读理解能力测试在高考英语试卷中阅读理解能力测试在高考英语试卷中占有重要地位，篇幅多，分值高，难占有重要地位，篇幅多，分值高，难度大度大 。速度：速度：W/M 词汇量：四篇，词汇量：四篇，20002500 Ws 其中含有不超其中含有不超过过的的生词率生词率 体裁：各种体裁体裁：各种体裁 二二.

2、 命题特点：命题特点： 1.选材：选材： 新颖，新颖， 贴近现代生活，注重语言文化和时尚色彩、贴近现代生活，注重语言文化和时尚色彩、话题覆盖面广、应用味道十足、涉及社会、能源、话题覆盖面广、应用味道十足、涉及社会、能源、人生观与日常生活等方面。也正在尝试涉及人生观与日常生活等方面。也正在尝试涉及 人文人文和心理领域，具有极强的社会性、突出了实用性和心理领域，具有极强的社会性、突出了实用性与时代性、更具文化性和时效性。与时代性、更具文化性和时效性。 2. 题材和体裁：题材和体裁：呈多元化态势。呈多元化态势。 题材特点：阅读材料更加原汁原味，文化含量加题材特点：阅读材料更加原汁原味，文化含量加 大

3、，大， 文章更具英语语言的特点，还涉及到社会文文章更具英语语言的特点，还涉及到社会文化背景。化背景。 体裁体裁:议论文、新闻报道、记叙文、新闻时政、科议论文、新闻报道、记叙文、新闻时政、科普类、人物传记、广告等普类、人物传记、广告等三三. 教学大纲对考生阅读能力要求教学大纲对考生阅读能力要求：（）理解语篇主旨大意；（）理解语篇主旨大意；（）理解文中具体信息；（）理解文中具体信息；（）根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的（）根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的 词义；词义；（）作出简单的判断和推理；（）作出简单的判断和推理；（）理解文章的基本结构；（）理解文章的基本结构；（）理解作者的观点、意图和态度（）理

4、解作者的观点、意图和态度四四. 阅读题型阅读题型 ：通常，阅读理解的题型可概括如下：通常，阅读理解的题型可概括如下： A.细节理解题；细节理解题； B. 主旨大意题；主旨大意题； C. 推理判断题；推理判断题； D.词义猜测题词义猜测题;A. 细节理解题细节理解题 1.设问形式：设问形式： 此类题型的问题常以此类题型的问题常以what、who、which、when、where、how或者或者why等词引导。等词引导。2. 应对策略：应对策略： 根据关键词或句，锁定文中位置反根据关键词或句，锁定文中位置反复推敲，仔细甄别。复推敲，仔细甄别。 At a late night news confer

5、ence, Nicholson said one team had advanced about 4800 feet in the four hours since entering the mine just before 6p.m. Another team entered the mine about 30 minutes later. If the team advanced at an average speed, they could dig about_ per hour. A.1000feet B.2400feet C.1200feet D.4800feetC For the

6、safety of the artworks and other visitor. Nothing may be carried on a visitors back, Soft front baby carriers are allowed, but children may not be carried on shoulders or in a child carrier worn on the back. Pushchairs are available free of charge near each checkroom. Parents with small children vis

7、iting the Gallery _. A. can carry their children in soft front child carriers. B. can carry their children on their shoulders C. can carry their children in child carriers worn on the back D. ought to pay if they want to use pushchairs for their childrenA Picture-taking (including video) for persona

8、l use is permitted except in special exhibitions and where specifically prohibited. Tripods(三脚架) are not allowed. Visiting photographers should make sure that _. A. pictures and videos are allowed for personal use anywhere in the Gallery B. pictures and videos can be taken in some places for persona

9、l use C. picture-taking and videoing are totally forbidden in the Gallery D. tripods are allowed except in some special exhibitionsBB. 主旨大意题主旨大意题 1.设问形式：设问形式： the main idea, the best title 等等。 2.应对策略应对策略: 区分主要信息和细节性信区分主要信息和细节性信息息 紧扣首尾不放松紧扣首尾不放松 (尤其是首段或首句尤其是首段或首句) 瞻前顾后来总结瞻前顾后来总结 (整合每段主题句，通常整合每段主题句，通常

10、 为每段第一句为每段第一句) Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal. Such a person is not really a thief. They are sick and cannot help themselves. All small children act naturally and as they grow up they normally learn to control their actions. People with kleptomania for

11、certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take things that do not belong to them. With medical help they may become normal citizens again. The things that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value. They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects

12、without using them. Q:What is the topic of the text? A. Young Thieves. B. An Unusual Illness. C. Reasons for Stealing D. A Normal Childs Actions. You dream each night, even though you may not remember your dreams. While you dream your eyes move and your heart beats faster. Even your brain-wave patte

13、rn changes. Some scientists think that dreaming is important for the sake of health. They claim that without dream, people would go crazy. Question: What does the passage mainly tells?A. How people stay healthy B. How sleep is necessary C. Why dreams are important D. When people remember their dream

14、s In Shanxi Province you may be offered brains to eat. Frightened? You shouldnt be, because these brains are only a kind of food, which is famous for its unusual name and rich nutrition.(营养营养). Brains as a kind of food were invented more than 300 years ago by Fu Shan, an artist whose mother had been

15、 ill for along time. To help her become well again, he studied medicine and invented a kind of soup(汤汤)made of meat, vegetables and a number of Chinese medicines. Rich wine was also used in the soup to help illness caused by old age. Fus soup became the talk of the town. Many people came to see him.

16、 One day a restaurant owner asked him what was in the soup. “Ill tell you,” Fu said, “ but if your restaurant is going to sell to soup, you must call it brains because of its shape and color. And your restaurant should be renamed after my mother.”Q:The best headline for this newspaper article is _.

17、A. A Good Son B. A Special Soup C. How to Make Brains D. How to Live Long Life. C. 推理判断题推理判断题1.设问形式设问形式 ： 此类题型的问题常含有此类题型的问题常含有conclude、infer、the authors (writers) opinion (attitude) 等词等词2. 应对策略：应对策略：(回归原文，但要高于原文。回归原文，但要高于原文。) 找出能传达作者一定情感色彩的词或句找出能传达作者一定情感色彩的词或句(Signal Words) 。 根据带有情感色彩的词句推断根据带有情感色彩的词

18、句推断 根据上下文逻辑根据上下文逻辑 并列或对比关系推断并列或对比关系推断 根据上下文逻辑因果关系推断根据上下文逻辑因果关系推断 Why isnt your newspaper Why isnt your newspaper reporting any good newsreporting any good news？All I read All I read about is murderabout is murder， briberybribery（行贿），（行贿），and deathand deathFranklyFrankly，Im sick of all Im sick of all

19、 this bad newsthis bad news This authors attitude towards the This authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _newspaper reporting is to _ A Acomplain Bcomplain Bapologize apologize C Camuse Damuse Dinforminform Which of the following statements will best continue the paragraph？ ACompute

20、rs will soon stop developingBMany people like computers very much CComputers are as clever as man DI do not think computers will replace us completely More and cleverer computers will More and cleverer computers will continue to appearcontinue to appearThey will take They will take over more tasks f

21、rom usover more tasks from us，helping to helping to change the face of our worldchange the face of our worldSome Some people even think that sooner or later people even think that sooner or later computers will replace uscomputers will replace us. . HoweverHowever. .( (对比关系）对比关系）- I decided it was t

22、ime to introduce her to word processing(文字处理文字处理). This proved to be a bigger challenge to her, so I gave her some homework. I asked her to write me a letter, using different letter types, colors and spaces(06全国全国, C)The author asked the mother to write her a letter_.A. because her mother had stoppe

23、d using the telephone.B. because she wanted to keep in touch with her mother.C. so that her mother could practice what she had learnedD. so that her mother could be free from houseworkD. 词义猜测词义猜测1.根据构词法推测词义根据构词法推测词义2. 根据定语从句或同位语从句推测词义根据定语从句或同位语从句推测词义3. 根据并列根据并列 / 递进或对比递进或对比 / 转折关系推测词义转折关系推测词义(同同义词或反

24、义词义词或反义词 ；并列连词或转折连词；并列连词或转折连词)4. 根据分号、破折号、冒号甚至括号来推测词义根据分号、破折号、冒号甚至括号来推测词义5. 根据来列举推测词义根据来列举推测词义 1.Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to peoples health. They also regard drinking as harmful. . .The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. . . Tornadoes (violent and destru

25、ctive whirl wind)normally occur on hot, humid (a little wet)day。 4. They will be on the night shift from midnight to 6 a. m. next week 5. Mr. Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious. 6. American businessmen expect employees to be punctual. They do not expect that the workers will come late. 7. Many United Nations employees are polyglots; Mr. Simon, for e