第一节阅读理解

1、威宁六中高三第二轮专题复习暨分层走班教学校本教材 高中英语阅读理解第一部分 题型分析一. 新课标对读的技能要求l 能识别不同文体的特征l 会分析句子结构，读懂长难句l 能准确把握材料中不同的观点与态度l 能在老师帮助下，欣赏浅显的文学作品l 除教材外，适当扩大课外阅读量。二. 对各类文体的解读1.记叙类的阅读理解该类题型在高考中的出现频率较高。具体分类如下：按用途分：文学叙述：轶事.寓言.故事.传奇文学.传记.小说说明叙述：历史.游记.新闻报道.日记按叙述方法分：真实：新闻报道、历史、日记虚构：寓言、故事、传奇文学、小说测试的重点：l 考生对文章主旨大意的把握l 考生对长句、难句的把握以及对生

2、词的理解；l 考生运用短文中信息进行推理的能力；l 考生对短文中细节的把握。 记叙文在阅读中时间是全文的关键，根据时间我们可以找到相关的事件，抓住文章的主要内容。故事类文章情节性较强，阅读时要注意故事中的时间、地点、人物和发生的事件，这些都是文章中的主要内容和信息，对于准确理解文章十分重要。 2.说明类的阅读理解这是高考的重要题型，介绍最新的科学研究或科学发现的报道，关于政治、经济、文化、社会、地理等方面的介绍，商品说明书，保持健康的方法，烹调方法等。说明文 说明文是对事物的形状、性质、特征、成果或功用等进行介绍，解释或阐述的文章。把握所说明事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键。说明事物特征的方

3、法很多，主要有定义法、解释法、比较法、比喻法、数字法、图表法、引用法和举例法等。 l数字说明文 在阅读数字说明文时要特别注意文中数字的含义，从这些数字中可以找到文章的主要内容。 解释说明文 解释说明文着重说明事物的本质、特征和功用等。许多科普文章都属于这一类。在阅读这类文章时要学会解决what, how, why 等一类的问题。它们是文章的关键。如能带着这些问题阅读，将会更迅速抓住文章的主题。 l 比较说明文 比较说明文是通过对比方法说明问题。在阅读这类文章时要善于把握全篇陈述的基本倾向。作者在谈论一个有争议的问题时总要顾及到争议的各个方面。但是，在一般情况下，作者的陈述总要倾向于某一种观点。

4、3.议论类的阅读理解高考的常见文体，它是运用概念、判断、推理的逻辑形式，分析和综合的方法，通过证明或反驳阐明见解和主张。4.应用文体类的阅读理解3. 应用文 应用文涉及的范围比较广，包括广告、通知、书信等。应用文一般语言简洁，省略及不规范的句子较多。阅读时一般要求考生全面掌握文章中提供的信息，并运用这些信息去解决问题。因此对题干的理解尤为重要。阅读理解的考题分为客观理解题(是指在短文中客观存在的事实，客观信息的答案一般都可以在原文中找到。即理解文中的具体事实或抽象概念)和主观理解题(这类问题都不可能直接从原文中找到答案，须通过阅读文章对文章主旨和深层含义有更深理解，并据此进行判断和推理)。其中

5、细节理解题和猜测词义题属于客观题；主旨大意题和推理判断题属于主观题。针对不同类型的题目，要在平时的练习过程中，结合具体的题目，给学生进行解题方法的指导和讲解。对于客观题，要提醒他们阅读时关注文章的细节，如时间，地点或一些具体数字，在选择答案时，务必从原文中找到确切的依据。 我们可将阅读理解归纳为以下四大题型，根据阅读理解题考查角度的不同，可采用不同的解题技巧来应付。 .事实细节题 属于细节类型的阅读理解题一般只针对某个特定的细节，题型可以多种多样。此类题型一般分两种。第一种是直接理解题，在原文中可以直接找到答案。第二种是词义转换题，正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的转换。做此类试题一定要抓住事件发

6、生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节，所选答案一定要符合原文，切不可望文生义。这类题型的主要提问方式常为： Which of the following is true/NOT true in the passage? Which of the following statements is NOT discussed/mentioned in the passage? Which is the right order of the events given in the passage? All the following statements are NOT true except.

7、细节题的破解一般采用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。寻读法还特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。做此类型的题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。英语中有许多功能词，如：表因果关系的because, since, as等；表转折关系的but, however ,on the contrary, on the other hand等等。 .猜测词义题 在高考阅读题中，考生遇到的最大障碍往往有两个：一是被已认识的单词的某一熟知含义所误导；二是被完全不

8、认识的单词的意思所阻碍，从而出现理解偏差或理解困难，影响阅读的速度。其实解决这两个困难的一个重要法宝是考生在心目中树立起上下文观念，要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。在阅读解题时要注意从以下七个方面着手： 1）根据定义或解释、说明猜测生词的词义 在be，be called，call等判断词出现的判断句中，或定语从句及标点符号，可以根据已知部分，猜测生词的含义。例如： The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.通过理解定语从句的意思，能

9、猜出herdsman是“牧人”。 2）根据对比关系猜测生词的词义 在but，however，yet，otherwise，though这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中，其前后的词有明显对比关系，根据已知的内容，通过这种对比关系，就很容易猜出生词的词义了。例如： Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. 和clean意思相对的便是“肮脏的”了，因此可猜出句中grubby的意思是“肮脏的”。 3）通过因果关系猜测词义 because, since与as是连接原因状语从句的从属连词，so是

10、连接表示结果的状语从句的连词，so.that与such.that中的that是连接结果状语从句的。当这些信息词出现在有生词的句子中，通过因果关系，依据已知部分就能猜出生词的词义。例如：She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 根据because从句所讲的意思，我们就可推测trim就是“修剪”之意。 4）根据生活常识猜测词义 运用逻辑推理能力，自身的生活经验及生活常识。再联系上下文能读懂的部分，可以正确猜出词义。例如：Most of the roses are beginning to w

11、ither because of the cold. 根据句子意思及生活经验，wither表示“枯萎”。 第二部分 真题再现1.2013年普通高等学校夏季招生全国统一考试英语(全国卷II新课标)阅读部分IV、阅读理解(本大题共15小题，共30.0分)A Doctors are known to be terrible pilots. They don't listen because they already know it all. I was lucky.I became a pilot in 1970，almost ten years before I graduated fro

12、m medical school. I didn't realize then，but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon. I loved flying. As I flew bigger，faster planes，and in worse weather，I learned about crew resource management（机组资源管理），or CRM，a new idea to make flying safer. It means that crew members should listen and speak

13、up for a good result，regardless of positions.      I first read about CRM in 1980.Not long after that，an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather. The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. The attending doctor was flying; I was safety pilot. He w

14、as so busy because of the bad turn，he had forgotten to put the landing gear（起落架）down. He was a better pilotand my bossso it felt unusual to speak up. But I had to：Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness and said，“We need to put the landing gear down now！” That was my first real lesson in

15、 the power of CRM，and I've used it in the operating room ever since.      CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite，the doctor doesn't overreact，which might prevent fellow doctors fr

16、om voicing opinions again. So when I'm in the operating room，I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes they're not willing to speak up. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them，someday someone will keep me from “ landing_ gear_ up”37.What does the author say about doctors in gen

17、eral? A. They like flying by themselves.                B. They are unwilling to take advice. C. They pretend to be good pilots.               &#

18、160;D. They are quick learners of CRM. 38.The author deepened his understanding of the power of CRM when _. A. he saved the plane by speaking up          B. he was in charge of a flying task C. his boss landed the plane too late   

19、0;            D. his boss operated on a patient 39.In the last paragraph “landing gear up” probably means _. A. following flying requirements            B. overreacting to differen

20、t opinions C. listening to what fellow doctors say            D. making a mistake that may cost lives 40.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.CRM：A New Way to Make Flying Safe       

21、         B. Flying Makes Me a Better DoctorC. The Making of a Good Pilot                    D.A Pilot­ Turned Doctor37 40. BADB  【语篇导读】作者曾经是

22、一名飞行员，后来成为了一名医生，作者认为掌握飞行过程中的CRM理念十分重要，学会开飞机使作者成了一个更好的医生。 37.细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，作者认为，医生通常不愿意采纳别人的建议，因为他们觉得自己什么都知道。 38.推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM.”可知，作者加深对CRM的力量的认识是在他通过大声表达自己的看法挽救了一架飞机之后。 39.推理判断题。根据第二段举的例子可知，当时开飞机的主治医师忘了把起落架放下去，差点儿酿成大错。由此可推断，此处的短语表示“犯那种可能会丧失生命的错误

23、”。 40.主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，文章主要说明学会开飞机使作者成了一个更好的医生，第一段第四句“.becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon.”是主题句。BIn 1947 a group of famous people from the art world headed by an Austrian conductor decided to hold an international festival of music，dance and theatre in Edinburgh. The idea was to reunite Europe

24、 after the Second World War.      It quickly attracted famous names such as Alec Guinness，Richard Burton，Dame Margot Fonteyn and Marlene Dietrich as well as the big symphony orchestras（交响乐团）It became a fixed event every August and now attracts 400,000 people yearly. At the s

25、ame time，the “Fringe” appeared as a challenge to the official festival. Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947，in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform，and they did so in a public house disused for years.      Soon，groups of students firstly fro

26、m Edinburgh University，and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge，Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by little ­known writers of plays in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh.      T

27、oday the “Fringe”，once less recognized，has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre，music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts. And yet as early as 1959，with only 19 theatre groups performing，some said it was getting too big.      A paid

28、administrator was first employed only in 1971，and today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself. In 2004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries. More than 1.25 million tickets w

29、ere sold.41.What was the purpose of Edinburgh Festival at the beginning? A. To bring Europe together again.                B. To honor heroes of World War . C. To introduce young theatre groups.    &#

30、160;           D. To attract great artists from Europe. 42.Why did some uninvited theatre groups come to Edinburgh in 1947? A. They owned a public house there.              B.

31、 They came to take up a challenge. C. They thought they were also famous.              D. They wanted to take part in the festival. 43.Who joined the “Fringe” after it appeared? A. Popular writers.     

32、60;                B. University students. C. Artists from around the world.                  D. Performers of music and dance. 44

33、.We may learn from the text that Edinburgh Festival _.A. has become a non­official event                B. has gone beyond an art festivalC. gives shows all year round        

34、            D. keeps growing rapidly41-44 ADBD【语篇导读】每年八月一到，苏格兰的爱丁堡就变得特别热闹，各地游客纷至沓来，每个人都知道，一年一度的爱丁堡节又到了。文章主要讲述了该节日的起源以及发展变化等。 41.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，爱丁堡节最初的目的是为了把二战后的欧洲重新团结到一起。 42.推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，1947年，一些未被邀请的剧团也来到爱丁堡，因为他们觉得人人都应该有表演的权利，换言之，他们也

35、想参加这个节日。 43.细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，在边缘艺术节出现后最早加入其中的是一些大学的学生们。 44.推理判断题。文章的最后两段通过大量的数字告诉人们，爱丁堡节在不断地、迅速地发展壮大。CGiven that many people's moods（情绪）are regulated by the chemical action of chocolate，it was probably only a matter of time before somebody made the chocolate shop similar to a drugstore of Chinese

36、 medicine. Looking like a setting from the film Charlie& the Chocolate Factory，Singapore's Chocolate Research Facility（CRF）has over 100 varieties of chocolates. Its founder is Chris Lee who grew up at his parents' corner store with one hand almost always in the jar of sweets.   

37、;   If the CRF seems to be a smart idea，that's because Lee is not merely a seasoned salesperson but also head of a marketing department that has business relations with big names such as Levi's and Sony. That idea surely results in the imagination at work when it comes to maki

38、ng different flavored（味道）chocolates.      The CRF' s produce is “green”，made within the country and divided into 10 lines，with the Alcohol Series being the most popular. The Exotic Serieswith Sichuan pepper，red bean（豆），cheese and other flavorsalso does well and is fun to

39、 taste. And for chocolate_ snobs，who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others，the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from Togo，Cuba，Venezuela，and Ghana，among others.45.What is good about chocolate? A. It serves as a suitable gift.       

40、60;    B. It works as an effective medicine. C. It helps improve the state of mind.              D. It strengthens business relations. 46.Why is Chris Lee able to develop his idea of the CRF? A. He knows the im

41、portance of research.            B. He learns from shops of similar types. C. He has the support of many big names.        D. He has a lot of marketing experience. 47.Which line of the CRF produce sel

42、ls best? A. The Connoisseur Series.      B. The Exotic Series.     C. The Alcohol Series. D. The Sichuan Series. 48.The words “chocolate snobs” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to people who_.A. are particular about chocolate    

43、;              B. know little about cocoa beansC. look down upon others                D. like to try new flavors45-48 CDCA  【语篇导读】Chocolate

44、 Research Facility的巧克力提供10个系列共100个口味，全都由Chris和他的设计师们“神农尝百草”般亲自调配而成。Chris希望他的顾客每天来都像做实验一样，去探索一种不同的口味。 45. 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句内容可以推断，巧克力的好处在于它能够有助于改善人的心理状态。 46.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句内容可知，Chris Lee之所以能够研发出CRF的创意，是因为他不仅是一位老练的推销员，还是市场营销部门的经理。即他具有大量的营销经验。故选D项。 47.细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句中的“with the Alcohol Series being the mos

45、t popular”可知，销量最好的是the Alcohol Series。 48.推理判断题。根据后面的定语从句“who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others”可知，该词指的是那些对巧克力很讲究的人们。DLow­ Cost Gifts for Mother's Day Gift No.1 Offer to be your mother's health friend. Promise to be there for any and all doctor's visit

46、s whether a disease or a regular medical check­up. Most mothers always say “no need，” but another set of eyes and ears is always a good idea at a doctor's visit. The best part？This one is free. Gift No.2 Help your mother organize all of her medical records，which include the test results and

47、 medical information. Put them all in one place . Be sure to make a list of all of her medicines and what times she takes them.“Having all this information in one place could end up saving your mother's life，” Dr. Marie Savard said. Gift No.3 Enough sleep is connected to general health condition

48、s.“Buy your mother cotton sheets and comfortable pillows to encourage better sleep，” Savard said.“We know that good sleep is very important to our health.” Gift No.4 Some gift companies such as Presents for Purpose allow you to pay it forward this Mother's Day by picking gifts in which 10 percen

49、t of the price you pay goes to a charity（慈善机构）Gift givers can choose from a wide variety of useful but inexpensive thingsmany of which are “green”and then choose a meaningful charity from a list. When your mother gets the gift，she will be told that she has helped the chosen charity.49.What are you a

50、dvised to do for your mother at doctor's visits? A. Take notes.          B. Be with her.        C. Buy medicine.      D. Give her gifts. 50.Where can you find a gift idea to im

51、prove your mother's sleep? A. In Gift No.1.      B. In Gift No.2.      C. In Gift No.3.      D. In Gift No.4. 51.Buying gifts from Presents for Purpose allows mothers to _.A. enjoy good sleep  

52、60;   B. be well­ organized    C. get extra support    D .give others help49-51 BCD 【语篇导读】母亲节给母亲送礼物是很自然的事情，关键是做儿女的如何选择既不用花太多钱又有意义的礼物呢？文章按照排名先后向读者介绍了四种礼物。 49.细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“Promise to be there .”可知，当你的母亲去看医生时，一定要陪在她身边。 50.细节理解题。根据题干中的“to i

53、mprove your mother's sleep”可知，第三段介绍的“礼物三”正好符合要求。 51.细节理解题。根据题干中出现的“Presents for Purpose”可知，答案在最后一段。该段介绍了如果在这类礼品公司给母亲买礼物，就是在为慈善机构做贡献，当然也就使母亲起到了帮助别人的作用。2. 2014年新课标2及海南高考真题英语阅读理解部分II、阅读理解(本大题共15小题，共30.0分)AArriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, Rashi

54、d, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.   During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase ha

55、d all his important papers, including his passport.   He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.  

56、0; Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husbands name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can（垃圾桶）that had been left out on the footpath.    My husband rushed to their home to fi

57、nd a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written lett

58、er in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.     That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.21.Wh

59、at did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney? A. Go shopping          B. Find a house        C. Join his family        D. Take his family 22.The girls parents got

60、 Rashids phone number from . A. a friend of his family        B. Sydney policeman      C. a letter in his papers        D. a stranger in Sydney 23.What does the underlined word “restored” in

61、 the last paragraph mean? A. Showed              B. Sent out          C. Delivered        D. Gave back 24.Which of the following can be the

62、best title for the text?A. From India to Australia.                  B. Living in a New Country.C. Turning Trash to Treasure.              &

63、#160;     D. In Search of New Friends.21-24 BCDC   试题分析：【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述“我”的丈夫从印度到悉尼之初，为家人找房子时不小心将手提箱丢失。由于手提箱中有重要文件，丈夫焦急万分，突然有人打电话过来告知捡到丈夫的文件，妥善保管并在丈夫到达之后归还给了丈夫，从而让我们对别人重新有了信任。 21. 根据文章第一段Arriving in Sydney on his own from Indi

64、a, my husband, Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.中的while looking for a house for me and our children可知我的丈夫到了悉尼稍作停留之后就开始为我和孩子找房子了。说明找房子是丈夫计划要做的事情。故选B。 考点：细节理解 22. 根据文章倒数第二段后3行Her parents had carefully

65、sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.孩子的父母亲仔细把这些文件进行分类，尽管里面有很多他们不熟悉的外国地址。最后他们找到了“a half-written letter”一封写了一半的信，信里有丈夫给朋友的电

66、话号码。根据电话号码他们找到了我的丈夫。故选C。 考点：细节理解 23.根据本句That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people这个家庭不仅仅把这些重要的文件归还给我们，而且还把对人的信任归还了我们。再根据倒数第二段第一句My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents.说明give

67、 back表示归还。故选D。 考点：猜测词义 24.本文叙述了作者的丈夫到悉尼，装有重要文件的箱子被偷掉了。在他万般无奈的情况下，有人主动联系他，并归还他丢失的重要文件。这些重要的文件在别人看来都不重要，但是对于丈夫来说却是万分重要。选项中的C项能够说明文章的中心思想。故C。 考点：主旨大意 题材：阅读理解-社会生活类 BSince the first Earth Day in 1970, Americans have gotten a lot "greener" toward the environment. "We didn't know at tha

68、t time there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it", says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.      But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement .Business people, political leaders, universit

69、y professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement."The understanding has increased many, many times", says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin , who thought up the first. According to US government reports , emissions (排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 tons .The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9 .Although serious problems still remain and