强读和弱读实用教案

1、 一个英文单词如果由多个音节构成，那么一个英文单词如果由多个音节构成，那么其中至少有一个音节是重音其中至少有一个音节是重音(zhngyn)(zhngyn)；如果，；如果，音节足够多的话，那么可能还有次重音音节足够多的话，那么可能还有次重音(zhngyn)(zhngyn)以及一个以上的重音以及一个以上的重音(zhngyn)(zhngyn)。 同样的道理，一个句子由多个单词构成，同样的道理，一个句子由多个单词构成，那么，其中总是有至少一个单词被强读，而那么，其中总是有至少一个单词被强读，而相对来看，其它的单词会被弱读。相对来看，其它的单词会被弱读。第1页/共33页第一页，共33页。弱读的规则一般是

2、：元音音节弱读的规则一般是：元音音节(ynji)(ynji)弱化成弱化成 或或i i 。如下几个单词：如下几个单词：at, of, the, at, of, the, toto, as, than, and, or, his, a, an, , as, than, and, or, his, a, an, but, been, for, her, we, be, shall, was, them, but, been, for, her, we, be, shall, was, them, 弱读的频率达弱读的频率达到到9090，其中，其中a, an, the, thana, an, the,

3、than极少用强式。极少用强式。查字典会发现这些词都至少有两种读音，如查字典会发现这些词都至少有两种读音，如for: for: 重读重读时时f f?: , : , 弱读时弱读时 f f ；as as的强读形式是的强读形式是/ z/ / z/ ，弱读形式，弱读形式是是/ /z/z/。第2页/共33页第二页，共33页。 大多助动词大多助动词(dngc)(dngc)、系动词、系动词(dngc)(dngc)、介词、连词、冠词、介词、连词、冠词、代词，都有两种发音形式：强代词，都有两种发音形式：强读式、弱读式。读式、弱读式。 这些单词往往都是单音节单词。这些单词往往都是单音节单词。第3页/共33页第三页

4、，共33页。1.大多数有弱读形式的单词中，元音都变成了/ /； at / t/ ; as /z/; had / hd/；must /mst/2有少数几个单词的弱读形式变成了i /； be /i/； been /bin/； me /mi/； the /i/3.有时，一些(yxi)常用词的弱读形式中省略了一个元音。 am /m/； has/z/； have /v/； is / z /4. 有时，一些(yxi)常用的弱读形式中省略了一个辅音。 and / n/； have / v/； would /d/； her /:/第4页/共33页第四页，共33页。要在连贯说话要在连贯说话(shu hu)(sh

5、u hu)中应中应用弱读形式，不是懂得了道用弱读形式，不是懂得了道理就能学会的，也不是一朝理就能学会的，也不是一朝一夕就能掌握的，需要通过一夕就能掌握的，需要通过大量的模仿和练习才能学好。大量的模仿和练习才能学好。第5页/共33页第五页，共33页。 1) to /t/ but /bt/ I want to come but I cant. 2) and /nd/ Hes rich and famous. 3) than /n/ /n/ Better than that. Hes older than she is. 4) but /bt/ She wants to sing but she c

6、ant. 5) such /st/ We have problems, such as pollution.第6页/共33页第六页，共33页。 6) some /sm/ There are some copies here. 7) any /ni/ There arent any more. 8) he /hi/ Does he want any? 9) her /h/ Ive met her mother. 10) him /im/ Tell him Id like to. 11) them /m/ /m/ I havent seen them yet.第7页/共33页第七页，共33页。 1

7、2) you /j/ What do you think?13) your /j/ Take your time.14) us /s/ Let us think it over.15) that /t/ This is the house that Jack built. 16) at /t/ At least one. 17) for /f/ Its for you.第8页/共33页第八页，共33页。 18) from /frm/ He comes from England.19) of /v/ Id love a cup of tea. 20) to /t/ You ought to go

8、.21) an /n/ Id like an apple. 22) the / /i/ Thats the one.23) am /m/ Im going now.第9页/共33页第九页，共33页。24) are / Where are you going?25) is /z/ /s/ Hes here. My hat is here.26) was /wz/ Was he there?27) were /w/ We were very pleased. 28) have /hv/, /v/, /v/ Theyve left. Have any been lost?第10页/共33页第十页，共

9、33页。29) had /hd/, /d/ They had better hurry.30) has /z/ What has he done? He has just arrived. 31) do /du/, /d/ Do you think so?32) does /dz/ When does he leave?33) can /kn/, /kn/ Can you hear me? 34) could /kd/ Could you do it now?第11页/共33页第十一页，共33页。 35) should /d/ How should I know? 36) there / Th

10、ere is nothing left. There are not enough.37) shall /l, l/ How shall I do like that? 38) when /wn/ Her parents had been dead when she was a child.39) will /l, l/ He will go back home tomorrow.40) would /wd, d, d/ He would be happy if he had passed the exam.第12页/共33页第十二页，共33页。 弱读问题(wnt)对策1.反复聆听(ln tn

11、)，熟悉弱读。单词的弱读会导致考生实际听到的发音与自己熟悉的发音出现偏差，因此在平时复习时，考生应留意单词在句中的弱读，并对其进行反复聆听(ln tn)，直至完全熟悉该弱读现象2熟记常见习语中的弱读。平时记忆听力短文、对话中的常见习语时，应注意其中是否含有单词的弱读，并将其与这些习语一并牢记。第13页/共33页第十三页，共33页。强读强读第14页/共33页第十四页，共33页。1. When the question is answered in short form, the auxiliary verb should adopt the strong form, like: -Will yo

12、u come tomorrow?-Yes, I will.第15页/共33页第十五页，共33页。 2. When the prep is placed at the end of a sentence, it should adopt the strong form.-Who is he waiting for?第16页/共33页第十六页，共33页。 3. When the prep is followed by an unstressed personal pronoun, it should be the strong form.-Ive been waiting for you.第17页

13、/共33页第十七页，共33页。1）弱读形式和强读形式各自的元音(yunyn)不同。 2）弱读音节中常常省略了某一个音。第18页/共33页第十八页，共33页。 如果一个单词被强读如果一个单词被强读 ，那么这个单词中的：，那么这个单词中的： 长元音会被读的很清楚长元音会被读的很清楚(qng chu)(qng chu)，并且显得更，并且显得更长一些；长一些； 双元音会被读的很饱满，并且显得很有弹性；双元音会被读的很饱满，并且显得很有弹性； 落在重音上的短元音都会显得更长一些；落在重音上的短元音都会显得更长一些； 重音所在的音节可能带着不同的语调（升调、重音所在的音节可能带着不同的语调（升调、降调、降

14、升调）降调、降升调） 第19页/共33页第十九页，共33页。 如果一个单词被弱读，那么如果一个单词被弱读，那么(n me)(n me)这个单词中的：这个单词中的： 长元音会变得短一些（几乎与短元音的长度相当）；长元音会变得短一些（几乎与短元音的长度相当）； 重音音节会变得与非重音音阶一样轻；重音音节会变得与非重音音阶一样轻； 很多元音都会发生变化，向很多元音都会发生变化，向/ / /靠拢；靠拢； 轻辅音轻辅音/s/s/、/t/t/、/k/k/、/f/f/之后的元音之后的元音/ / /可能会直接被省略掉可能会直接被省略掉 第20页/共33页第二十页，共33页。Practice Have you

15、ever tried Dianas Cakes? They are so delicious. I have eaten many different kinds of cakes. But I have never tasted anything, quite like cakes made by Diane. She uses the best and the finest ingredients that money can buy. The best flour, the best eggs and the best milk.第21页/共33页第二十一页，共33页。 第22页/共33

16、页第二十二页，共33页。Have you ever tried Dianes Cakes? They are so delicious. I have eaten many different kinds of cakes, but, I have never tasted anything, quite like cakes made by Diane. she uses the finest and freshest ingredients that money can buy. The best flour, the best eggs and the best milk. 第23页/共

17、33页第二十三页，共33页。第24页/共33页第二十四页，共33页。 Some examples of strong / weak forms:Weak form Sample sentence 1.a/eI/ Weve got a dog.2.an/n/n/ Take an apple.3.her/h:/ /h/, /:/, / Whats her name?4.his/hIz/Iz/ John had his haircut. 5.our/a / :/ We can do it on our own.6.some /sm/ /sm/, /sm/ Get me some water.7.th

18、e/i:/I/, / They saw the young and the old.8.your/j :/j Take your time.9.he/hi:/hI/, /I What did he do?10. me/mi:/mI Let me have a look.WordsSF第25页/共33页第二十五页，共33页。11. she/i:/ /I Did she come? 12. them /em/ /m/, /m/ Let them go.13. us/s/ /s/ He told us a story.14. we/wi:/ /wI/ Here we are. 15. you/ju:

19、/ /j Did you see my pen?16. him/hIm/ /Im/ Give him a pen. 17. am/m/m/, /m/ Im proud of it.18. are/ :/ What are you doing?19. be/bi:/bI Dont be late. 20. can/kn/ /kn/, /kn/ What can I do? Words SF Weak form Sample sentence第26页/共33页第二十六页，共33页。21. do/du:/d/, /d/ What do you do on Sundays?22. does/dz/dz

20、/ When does the train leave?23. had/hd/ /hd/, /d/, /d/ How many had he had?24. has/hz/hz/, /z/, /z/, /s/ What has happened? 25. have /hv/ /hv/, /v/, /v/ The kids have gone. 26. is/Iz/z/, /s/ He is coming.27. must/mst/ /mst/,/ms/ We must go now.28. shall/l/l/, /l/ What shall we do?29. was/wz/ /wz/, /

21、wz/ He was out.30. were/w:/w We were all late. Words SF Weak form Sample sentence第27页/共33页第二十七页，共33页。29. was/wz/ /wz/, /wz/He was out. 30. were /w:/wWe were all late.31. will/wIl/wl/, /l/That will do. 32 at/t/t/Look at him.33. for/f :/fIs it for me?34. from/frm/frm/, /frm/They come from the states. 35. of /v/v/, /v/, /f/Its very kind of you.36. to/tu:/tYou dont have to worry.37. and/nd/ /nd/, /n/, /nd/, /n/ We had fish and chips.38. as/z/z/Just as you like. 39. but/bt/bt/Its