现在分词作状语80845

1、现在分词作状语现在分词作状语现在分词是由动词原形加词尾现在分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成，现在分词有时态和构成，现在分词有时态和语态的变化，通常有以下几种形式（以语态的变化，通常有以下几种形式（以do为例）为例） 主动形式 被动形式 一般时 (not) doing (not) be doing 完成时 (not) having done (not) having been done v现在分词做状语，通常都表示主语在进行的另一个动作，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，且必须与句子的主语是逻辑上的主谓关系，动词ing形式的动作是次要动作。现在分词可以做时间，条件，结果，让步，方式等状语，相

2、当于相应的状语从句。v做时间，原因或条件时，通常位于主句前面，做方式，伴随或结果状语时，通常位于主句后面。v如果分词表示的动作和谓语的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生，用现在分词一般时，如果分词动作明显在位于动词之前发生，用现在分词的完成时。一一做伴随状语：分词等于做伴随状语：分词等于and连接两个动词或分句连接两个动词或分句vThe dog came in.It follow its master. =The dog came in,following its master. The children ran out of the room,laughing and taking merrily.

3、 They stood there for an hour,watching the game. 二二原因状语相当于原因状语相当于as,since,because等引起的等引起的原因状语从句，常位于句首，句中或句末。原因状语从句，常位于句首，句中或句末。vSeeing nobady at home,she decided to leave them a note.vNo knowing her address,we couldnt get intouch with her.vBeing so poor in those days,we couldt afford to send the boy

4、 to the hospital.vNot having received an answer,he decided to write another letter.三三时间状语时间状语 相当于相当于when,while,as等引导的时等引导的时间状语从句，常位于句首或句末间状语从句，常位于句首或句末vHaving arrived at the factory,they immediately set to work.vBe careful when crossing the street.vOn arriving in London,he managed to get in touch wi

5、th her.四四条件状语条件状语 相当于相当于if等引导的条件状语从句，常等引导的条件状语从句，常位于句首位于句首vWorking hard , you will succeed.vKnowing anything about it, I will tell you all.v-I could go and get someone to bring the car. -No,thanks.Ill be better if walking.五五结果状语结果状语 现在分词表示必然的结果，前可加现在分词表示必然的结果，前可加thus。（不定式表示出乎意料的结果）。（不定式表示出乎意料的结果）vHi

6、s husband died in 1942,leaving her with five children.vThe bus was held up by snowing,thus causing the delay.vHe was caught in the rain , thus making himself catch cold.六六让步状语让步状语 相当于相当于although,though,even if,even though引起的让步状语从句，常位于句引起的让步状语从句，常位于句首首vBeing a lot of books for exam,he failded in it b

7、ecause of learning method.vKnowing all this ,they made me pay for the damage.七七方式状语分词等于介词方式状语分词等于介词with引起的方式状语或引起的方式状语或and并列的两个谓语动词并列的两个谓语动词vBeing walking slowly,I approached the little window. =Walking slowing ,I approached the little window.vHe stood learning against the wall. =He stood and learn

8、against the wall.八八现在分词的完成式指分词所表示的动作发生在主现在分词的完成式指分词所表示的动作发生在主句的谓语动词之前，若分词所表示的动作与主语之句的谓语动词之前，若分词所表示的动作与主语之间是主谓关系，则用间是主谓关系，则用having done，若是动宾，若是动宾（被动）关系，则用（被动）关系，则用having been done.vHaving worked in the country for three years,he knew how to get vegetables.vHaving been translate into several languages

9、,the book became famous all over the worrld.vHaving finished his homework,he went to bed.九九现在分词独立成分的特殊使用：现在分词独立成分的特殊使用：generally speaking(一般来说一般来说);frankly speaking(坦白坦白的说的说);exactly speaking(严密严密/确切的确切的说说);judging from/by(根据判根据判断断);considering(考虑到考虑到)vGenerally speaking,girls are more interested in

10、 leterature than boys.vJudging from her accent,she must come from Arabian countries.十十现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别（1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主句的现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主句的动作，它们之间的关系是主动的动作，它们之间的关系是主动的vHe went out shutting the door behind him.vNot knowing what to do,he went to his parents for help.(2)过去分词作状

11、语时，过去分词表示的动作是句过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动的额子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动的额vFaced with difficulties,we must try to overcome them.vGiven more attention,the tree could have grown better.十一十一分词作状语时，其逻辑主语和句子的主语保持分词作状语时，其逻辑主语和句子的主语保持一致一致vHearing the news ,Tom felt very happy. ()vBeing sunny ,we decided

12、to go to for a picnic. ()如果分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，如果分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，则在分词则在分词5结构前加逻辑主语，构成分词的独立主结构前加逻辑主语，构成分词的独立主个个vClass being over,the childen went home.vNobody being in the room,I didnt go in.vAll the guests having arrived,the meeting was decleared open.vHe went into the front door,his son following him. 动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语v1）目的状语To only to (仅仅为了),in order to,so as to,so(such) as to (如此以便)He ran so fast as to catch the first