有机化学名称Word版

1、有机化学英文名汉文名Angular methyl group角甲基Alkylidene group亚烷基Allyl group烯丙基Allylic烯丙型的Phenyl group苯基Aryl group芳基Benzyl group苄基Benzylic苄型的Activating group活化基团Chromophore生色团Auxochrome助色团Magnetically anisotropic group磁各向异性基团Smally ring小环Common ring普通环Medium rimg中环Large ring大环Bridged-ring system桥环体系Spiro compoun

2、d螺环化合物Helical molecule螺旋型分子Octahedral compound八面体化合物Conjugation共轭Conjugated-system共轭体系Acyl cation酰基正离子Benzylic cation苄基正离子Arenirm ion芳基正离子Ketyl radical羰自由基Radical ion自由基离子Radical cation 自由基正离子Radical anion自由基负离子Isomerism异构现象Aci form酸式Fluxional structure循变结构Stereochemistry立体化学Optical activity光学活性Dext

3、ro isomer右旋异构体Laevo isomer左旋异构体Tetrahedral configuration四面体构型Stereoisomerism立体异构现象Asymmetric atom不对称原子Asymmetric carbon不对称碳1 / 56Pseudoasymmetric carbon假不对称碳Phantom atom虚拟原子Homotopic等位的Heterotopic异位的Enantiotopic对映异位的Diastereotopic非对映异位的Configuration构型Absolute configuration绝对构型Chirality手性Chiral手性的Chi

4、ral center手性中心Chiral molecule手性分子Achiral非手性的Fischer projection费歇尔投影式Neoman projection纽曼投影式D-L system of nomenclatureD-L命名体系R-S syytem of nomenclatureR-S命名体系Cahn-Ingold-Prelon sequence顺序规则Symmetry factor对称因素Plane of symmetry 对称面Mirror symmetry镜面对称Enantiomer对映异构体Diastereomer非对映异构体Epimer差向异构体Anomer端基差向

5、异构体Erythro configuration赤型构型Erythro isomer赤型异构体Threo configuration苏型构型Threo isomer 苏型异构体Trigonal carbon三角型碳Cis-trans isomerism顺反异构E isomerE异构体Z isomerZ异构体Endo isomer内型异构体Exo isomer外型异构体Prochirality前手性Pro-R group前R基团Pro-S proup前S基团Re faceRe面Si faceSi面Racemic mixture外消旋混合物Racemic compound 外消旋化合物Racemi

6、c solid solution外消旋固体溶液Meso compound内消旋化合物Quasi recemate准外消旋体Conformation构象Conformational构象分析Torsion angle扭转角Rotamer旋转异构体Anti conformation反式构象Bisecting conformation等分构象Anti periplanar conformation反叠构象Synperiplanar conformation顺叠构象Synclinal conformation反错构象Synclinal conformation顺错构象Eclipsed conformat

7、ion重叠构象Gauche conformation, skew con-formation邻位交叉构象Staggered conformation对位交叉构象Steric effect空间效应Steric hindrance位阻Atropismer阻转异构体Puckered ring折叠环Conformational inversion构象反转Chair conformation椅型构象Boat conformation船型构象Twist conformation扭型构象Skew boat conformation扭船型构象Half-chair conformation半椅型构象Pseudo

8、rotation假旋转Envelope conformation信封型构象Axial bond直立键Equatorial bond 平伏键Cisoid conformation顺向构象Transoid conformation反向构象Retention of configuration构型保持Regioselectivity区域选择性Regiospecificity区域专一性Stereocelectivity立体选择性Stereospecificty立体专一性Conformer构象异构体Conformational effect构象效应Crams rube克拉姆规则Prelogrule普雷洛格

9、规则Stereochemical orientation立体化学取向Conformational transmission构象传递Homolog同系物Ipso position本位Ortho position邻位Meta position间位Para position对位Amphi position 远位Peri position近位Trigonal hybridization三角杂化Molecular orbiral method分子轨道法Valence bond method价键法Delocalezed bond离域键Cross conjugation交叉共轭Vinylog插烯物Mesom

10、eric effect中介效应Resonance共振Resonance effect共振效应Hyperconjugation超共轭Isovalent hyperconjugation等价超共轭No-bond resonance无键共振Aromaticity芳香性Aromatic sexter芳香六隅Huckelrule休克尔规则Paramagnetic ring current顺磁环电流Diamagnetic ring cruuent抗磁环电流Homoaromaticity同芳香性Antiaromaticity反芳香性Alternant hydrocarbon交替烃Non-alternant

11、hydrocarbon非交替烷Pericyclic reaction周环反应Electrocyclic rearrangement电环化重排Conrotatory顺旋Disroatatory对旋Cycloaddition环加成Symmetry forbidden-reaction对称禁阻反应Synfacial reaction同面反应Antarafacial reaction异面反应Mobius system默比乌斯体系Leois structure路易斯结构Coordinate-covalent bond配位共价键Banana bond香蕉键Pauling electronegativity

12、 scale鲍林电负性标度Polarizability可极化性Inductive effect诱导效应Field effect场效应Electrical effect电场效应tautomerism互变异构Tautomerization互变异构化Keto-enol tautomerism酮-烯醇互变异构Phenol-keto tautomerism酚-酮互变异构Imine-enamine atutomerism亚胺-烯胺互变异构Ring-chain tautomerism环-链互变异构Valence tautomerism价互变异构Ambident两可的Solvent effect溶剂效应Aci

13、d-base catalyxed reaction酸性溶剂Basic solvent碱性溶剂Dielectric constant介电常数Solvated electron溶剂化电子Acid-base catalyzed reaction酸碱催化反应Conjugate base共轭酸Conjugate base 共轭碱Therm odynamic acidity热力学酸度Kinetic acidity动力学酸度Electron donof-acceptor complex,EDAcomplex电子给体受体络合物Host主体Guest客体Primary isotope effect一级同位素效应

14、Secondary isotope effect二级同位数效应Inverse isotope effect逆同位素效应Kinetic control 动力学控制Thermodynamic control热力学控制Substrate底物Intermediate 中间体Reactive intermediate 活泼中间体Microscopic reversibility微观可逆性Hammond postulate哈蒙德假说Linear free energy线性自由能Non-bonded interaction非键相互作用Torsional effect扭转效应Pitzer strain皮策张力

15、Restricted rotation阻碍旋转Eclipsing effect 重叠效应Eclipsing strain重叠张力Small-angle strain小角张力Large angle strain大角张力Transannular interaction跨环相互作用Transannular strain跨环张力I strain内张力F strain前张力B strain后张力Anomeric effect端基异构效应Walden inversion瓦尔登反转Racemization外消旋化Isoinversion等反转Isoracemization等消旋Homochiral纯手性的M

16、echanism机理Unimolecular nucleophilic单分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic sub-stitution双分子亲核取代Bimolecular nucleophilic substi-tution(with allylic rearrange-ment)双分子亲核取代（含烯丙型重排）Internal nucleophilic substiru-tion分子内亲核取代Aromatic nucleophilic substitu-tion芳香亲核取代Unimolecular electrophilic sub-stitution单分子亲电取代B

17、imolecular electrophilic substi-tution双分子亲电取代Nucleophile-assisted unimolecu-lar electrophilic substitution亲核体协助单分子亲电取代Unimolecular elimination单分子消除Bimolecular elimination双分子消除Unimolecular elimination through the conjugate base单分子共轭碱消除Bimolecular elimination through the conjugate base双分子共轭碱消除Bimolecu

18、lar elimination with for-mation of a carbonyl group双分子羰基形成消除Unimolecular acid-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage单分子酸催化酰氧断裂Bimolecular base-catalyzed acyl-oxygen cleavage双分子碱催化酰氧断裂Unimolecular acid-catalyzed alkyl-oxygen cleavage单分子酸催化烷氧断裂Bimllecular base-catalyzed al- kyl-oxygen cleavage双分子碱催化烷氧断裂-allyl

19、 complex mechanism烯丙型络合机理Borderline mechanism边理机理Homolysis均裂Heterolysis异裂Heterolytic michanism异裂机理Counrergegenion反荷离子Ion pair 离子对Carbocation碳正离子Nonclassical carbocation非经典碳正离子Carbanion碳负离子Masked carbanion掩蔽碳负离子Carbenoid卡宾体Carbene卡宾Nitrene氮宾Carbine碳炔Electrophilic addition亲电加成Electrophile亲电体Diaxial ad

20、dition双直键加成Markovnikovs rube马尔科夫尼科规则Anti-Markovnikov addition反马氏加成Michael addition迈克尔加成Substitution取代Electrophilic substitution亲电取代Addition-elimination mechanism加成消除机理Electrophilic aromatic substitu-tion亲电芳香取代Electron transfer电子转移Electron-donating group 给电子基团Electron-Withdrawing group 吸电子基团Deactivat

21、ing group钝化基团Orinentation取向Ortho-para directing group邻对位定位基Meta directing group间位定位基Ortho effect邻位效应Partial rate factor分速度系数Nucleophilic reaction亲核反应Internal return内返Nucleophilicity亲核体Nucleophilicity亲核性-effect-效应Backside attack背面进攻Inversion反转Umbrella effect伞效应Push-pull effect推拉效应Leaving group离去基团Ele

22、ctrofuge离电体Nucleofuge离核体Phase-transfer catalysis相转移催化Neighboring group participation邻基基参与Neighboring proup assistance,anchimeric assistance邻助作用Neighboring group effect邻基效应Apofacial reaction反面反应Briddgehead displacement桥头取代Aryl action芳正离子Benzyne苯炔Zaitsev rule札依采夫规则Anti-Zaitsev orientation反札依采夫定向Hofman

23、ns rule霍夫曼规则Bredt rule布雷特规则Initiation引发Anionic cleavage负离子裂解Partial bond fixation键的部分固定化023有机化学反应Alkylation烷基化C- alkylationC-烷基化O- alkylationO-烷基化N-alkylationN-烷基化Silylation硅烷基化Exhaustive methylation彻底甲基化Seco alkylation断裂烷基化Demethylation脱甲基化Ethylation乙基化Arylation芳基化Acylation酰化Formylation甲酰化Carbalkox

24、ylation烷氧羰基化Carboamidation氨羰基化Carboxylation羧基化Amination氨基化Bisamination双氨基化Cine substitution移位取代Transamination氨基交换Hydroxylation羟基化acyloxyation酰氧基化Decarboxylative nitration脱羧卤化Allylic halogenation烯丙型卤化Dehalogenation脱卤Nitration硝化Decarboxylative nitration脱羧硝化Nitrosation亚硝化Sulfonation磺化Chlorosulfonation氯

25、磺酰化Desulfonation脱磺酸基Sulfenylation亚磺酰化Sulfonylation磺酰化Chlorosulfenation氯亚磺酰化Chlorocarbonylation氯羰基化Diazotization重氮化Diazo transfer重氮基转移Coupling reaction偶联反应Diazonium coupling重氮偶联Cross-coupling reaction交叉偶联反应1,4-addition1，4-加成Conjugate addition共轭加成Dimerization二聚Trimefization三聚Additive dimerization加成二聚s

26、ulfurization硫化Selenylation硒化Hydroboration硼氢化Oxyamination羟氨基化Insertion插入carbonylation羧基化Hydroformylation加氢甲酰基化Hydroacylation加氢酰化Oxo process羰基合成Decarbonylation脱羰Hydrocarboxylation氢羧基化Homologization同系化Cyanoethylation氰乙基化Decyanoethylation脱氰乙基Ring clsure环合Diene synthesis双烯合成Dienophile亲双烯体Endo addition内型加

27、成Exo addition外型加成Diels-Alder reaction第尔斯-尔德反应Retro Diels-Alder reaction逆第尔斯-阿尔德反应Ene synthesis单烯合成Anionic cycloaddition负离子环加成Dipolar addition偶极加成- elimination-消除- elimination-消除- elimination-消除-elimination-消除Dehydrohalogenation脱卤化氢Deamination脱氨基Pyrolytic elimination热解消除Elimination-addition消除-加成Decar

28、boxylation脱羧Decarboxamidation脱酰胺Decyanation脱氰基Alkylolysis,alkyl cleavage烷基裂解Acylolysis,acyl cleavage酰基裂解Flash pyrolysis闪热裂Fragmentation碎裂Chiletropic reaction螯键反应Chelation螯环化Esterification酯化Transesterification酯交换Saponification皂化Alcoholysis醇解Ethanolysis乙醇解Cyanomethylation氰甲基化Aminomethylation氨甲基化Hydrox

29、ymethylation羟甲基化Hydroxyalkylation羟烷基化Cholromethylation氯甲基化Haloalkylation卤烷基化Transacetalation缩醛交换Enolization烯醇化Haloform reaction卤仿反应Condensation缩合Aldol condensation羟醛缩合Cross aldol condensation交叉羟醛缩合Retrograde aldol condensation逆羟醛缩合Acyloin condensation偶姻缩合Cyclization环化Annulation,annelation增环反应Spiroan

30、nulation螺增环Autoxidation自氧化Allylic hydroperoxylation烯丙型氢过氧化Epoxidation环氧化Oxonolysis臭氧解Electrochemical oxidation电化学氧化Oxidative decarboxylation氧化脱羧Aromatization芳构化Catalytic hydrogenation催化氢化Heterogeneous hydrogenation多相氢化Homogeneous hydrogenation均相氢化Catalytic dehydrogenation催化脱氢Transfer hydrogenation转移

31、氢化Hydrogenolysis氢解Dissolving metal reduction溶解金属还原Single electron transfer单电子转移Bimolecular reduction双分子还原Electrochemical reduction电化学还原Reductive alkylation还原烷基化Reductive acylation还原酰化Reductive dimerization还原二聚Deoxygenation脱氧Desulfurization脱硫Deselenization脱硒Mitallation金属化Lithiation锂化Hydrometallation氢

32、金属化Mercuration汞化Oxymercuration羟汞化Aminomercuration氨汞化Abstraction夺取反应Internal abstraction内夺取反应Rearrangement重排Prototropic rearrangement质了转移重排Double bond migration双键移位Allylic migration烯丙型重排Allylic migration烯丙型迁移Ring contraction环缩小反应Ring expansion,ring enlargement扩环反应-ketol rearrangement-酮醇重排Pinacol rear

33、rangement频哪醇重排Retropinacol rearrangement逆频哪醇重排Semipinacol rearrangement半频哪醇重排Benzilic rearrangement二苯乙醇酸重排Acyl rearrangement酰基重排Migratory aptitude迁移倾向Transannular insertion跨环插入Transannular rearrangement跨环重排Migration迁移Prototropy质子转移Cationotropic rearrangement正离子转移重排Anionotropy负离子转移Anionotropic rearra

34、ngement负离子转移重排Sigmatropic rearrangement-迁移重排Homosigmatropic rearrangement同迁移重排Electrophilic rearrangement亲电重排Photosensitization光敏化Forbidden transition禁阻跃迁photooxidation光氧化Photoisomerization光异构化Photochemical rearrangement光化学重排24 有机化合物类名Aliphatic compound脂肪族化合物Hpdrocarbon碳氢化合物Alkane烷Wax 蜡Paraffin wax石

35、蜡Alkene烯Alkyen炔Acetylide炔化物Active hydrogen compounds活泼氢化合物Carbon acid碳氢酸Super acid超酸Diene双烯Triene三烯Allene丙二烯Ccumulene累积多烯Enyne烯炔Diyne二炔Alkyl halide卤代烷Alcohol醇Homoallylic alcohol高烯丙醇Ether醚Epoxide环氧化物Cellosolve溶纤剂Crown ether冠醚Netro compound 硝基化合物Amine胺Quaternaryammonium com-pound季铵化合物Amine oxide氧化胺Dia

36、zoalkane重氮烷Mercaptan硫醇Sulfonic acid磺酸Sulfoxide亚砜Sulfone砜Aldehyde醛Detone酮Aldehyde hydrate醛水合物Ketone hydrate酮水合物Hemiacetal半缩醛Acetal缩醛Ketal缩酮Dithiane二噻烷Aminal缩醛胺imine亚胺Aldimine醛亚胺Oxime肟Aldimine醛肟Oxime亚硝基化合物aldoxime硝酮Hydrazone腙Azine嗪Semicarbazone缩氯基脲Cyanohydrin羟腈Pinacol频哪醇Enol烯醇Enol ether烯醇醚Enol ester烯醇

37、酯Enamine烯胺Ynamine炔胺Mannich base曼尼希碱Carboxylic acid羧酸Ester酯orthoester原酸酯Acyl halide酰卤Acyl fluoride酰氟Acyl chloride酰氯Acyl rtomide酰溴Acyl iodide酰碘Carbobenzoxy chloride苄氧甲酰氯Acyl tosylate酰基对甲苯磺酸酐Ketene乙烯酮Peracid过酸Perester过酸酯Acyl peroxide酰基过氧化物Nitrile腈Nitrile oxide氧化腈Isonitrile 异腈Amide酰胺Imide二酰亚胺N-bromo com

38、pound N-溴化物Hydrazide酰肼Acyl azide酰叠氮Amidine脒Keto ester酮酸酯Acyl cyanide酰腈Carbon suboxide二氧化三碳Glycidic acid 环氧丙酸Carbammic acid氨基甲酸Carbamate氨基甲酸酯Urea 脲Cyanamide氨腈Carbodiimide碳二亚胺Allophanate脲基甲酸酯Thioester硫代酸酯Thiol acid 硫羰酸Lactone内酯Lactol内半缩醛Macrolide大环内酯Amino acid氨基酸Zwitterions两性离子Inner salt内盐Betaine甜菜碱La

39、ctam内酰胺Hydantion乙内酰脲Peptide肽Glycol二醇Aldol羟醛Acyloin偶姻Carbohydrate碳水化合物Aldose醛糖Ketose酮糖Furanose呋喃糖Pyranose吡喃糖Glycoside糖苷Glucoside葡萄糖苷Aglycon苷元Saccharide糖类Oligosaccharide寡糖Polysaccharide多糖Alditol糖醇Osazone脎Alicyclic compound 脂环化合物Cycloalkene环烷Spirane环烯Cage compound 螺烷Propellane笼型化合物Rotazane螺桨烷Catenane轮烷

40、Rused ring索烃Aromatic compound稠环化合物Arene芳香化合物Alkylbenzene芳烃Bibenzyl烷基苯Aiaryl联苄Biphenyl 联芳Biphenyl联苯Indene茚Fluorene芴fulvene富烯cyclophane环芳Acene并苯Helicene螺旋烃Aryne芳炔Annulene烨烯Dewar benzene杜瓦苯Benzvalene盆苯Barrelene桶烯Azulene？Diazo compound重氮化合物diazonium salt重氮盐Diazohydroxide重氮氢氧化物Azo cimpound偶氮化物Hydrazo com

41、pound氢化偶氮化物Azoxy compound氧化偶氮化合物Phenol酚Hydroquinone氢醌Quinhydrone醌Quinhydrone醌氢醌Semiquinone半醌Benzoin苯偶姻Benzil偶苯酰Heterocyclic compound杂环化合物Furan呋喃Pyrrole吡咯Thiophene噻吩Porphyrin卟啉Pyridene吡啶Piperidine哌啶Oxazole？唑Azlactone二氢？唑酮Pyrazole吡唑Imidazole咪唑Thiazole噻唑Oxazine？嗪Diazine二嗪Diketopiperazine哌嗪二酮Sydnone悉尼酮T

42、riazole三唑Triazine三嗪Indole吲哚Quinoline喹啉Isoquinoline异喹啉Flavone黄酮Isoflavone异黄酮Chalcone查耳酮Azepine氮杂？Addition compound加合化合物Organometallic有机金属化合物Grignard reagent格氏试剂Ferocene二？铁Sandwich compound夹心化合物Chloroborane氯硼烷Phosphine膦Phosphonium salt？盐Arsine胂Ylide 叶立德Nitrogen ylide 氮叶立德Sulfur ylide硫叶立德Phosphorus yli

43、de磷叶立德Arsenic ylide 砷叶立德Lipid 类脂Phospholipid磷脂Essential oil精油Terpene萜Monoterpene单萜Sesquiterpene倍半萜Diterpene二萜Triterpene三萜carotene胡萝卜素Steroid 甾族化合物Sex hormone 性激素Pheromone信息素Phytohormone植物激素Alkaloid生物碱25 有机化学分析和方法Charge-transfer spectrum电荷转移光谱Chemical shift reagent化学位移试剂Polarized light偏振光Specific rot

44、ation比旋光Molar rotation摩尔旋光Circularly polarized light圆偏振光Optical rotatory dispersion旋光色散Circular dichroism圆二色性Octant rule八区规则Cotton effect卡滕效应Plain curve 平坦曲线Resolution拆分Optical purity光学纯度Enantiomeric excess,ee对映体过量Diasteromeric excess,de非对映体过量Synthesis合成Retrosynthesis逆合成Total synthesis全合成Formal synt

45、hesis中继合成Partial synthesis部分合成Relay synthesis接替合成Tandem reaction sequence连续反应过程Synthon合成子Chiron,chiral building block手性子Asymmetric synthesis不对称合成Asymmetric induction不对称诱导Optical induction光学诱导Chiral induction手性诱导Chiral reagent手性试剂Chiral catalyst手性催化剂Chiral solvent手性溶剂Chiral auxiliary reagent手性助剂Topoc

46、hemistry拓扑化学Biomimetic synthesis仿生合成Protecting group保护基Umpolung极反转Linear synthesis线性合成Convergent synthesis汇集合成03 分 析 化 学031 一般术语Qualitative analysis定性分析Quantitative analysis定量分析Chemical analysis化学分析Instrumental analysis仪器分析Classical analysis经典分析Systematic analysis系统分析Routine analysis常规分析Referee anal

47、ysis,arbitration ana-lysis仲裁分析Macro analysis常量分析Semimicro analysis,meso analysis半微量分析Mcro analysis微量分析Ultramicro analyisis,submicro analysis超微量分析Trace analysis痕量分析Ultratrace analysis超痕量分析Wet method,wet way湿法Dry mithod,dry way干法Indirect mithod间接法Reagent试剂Reagent grade试剂级别Guaranteed reagent,G.R.保证试剂An

48、alytical reagent,A.R.分析纯Chimically pure,C.P.化学纯Identification鉴定Detection检出Confirmatory test证实试验Determination测定Measurement测量Separation分离Calibration校准Correction校正Recovery回收Mesh筛目Sampling取样Quartering四分法Sample试样Reference material,RM标准物质Primary standard一级标准Secondary standard二级标准Selectivity选择性Selective reagent选择性试剂Specific reagent特效试剂Mole摩尔Stock solution储备溶液Test solution试液Fusion熔融Rlux 熔剂Air drying风干Weighing称量Constant weight恒量Aliquot 等分部分Residue残渣Ash灰分Misture content含湿量Cleaning solution洗涤液Mauor constituent主成分Minor constituent少量成分Trace constituent痕量成分Trial-and erro