讲义参考潜水编年史42divingalmanac

1、1© 2015 PORBEAGLE PRESS INC.DIVING ALMANAC & BOOK OF RECORDS 4.22© 2015 PORBEAGLE PRESS INC.DIVING ALMANAC & BOOK OF RECORDS 4.23© 2015 PORBEAGLE PRESS INC.DIVING ALMANAC & BOOK OF RECORDS 4.2The Diving Almanac & Book of RecordsEdition 4.2 -PublicationEDITORJeffrey J.

2、Gallant, M.Sc.editorPUBLISHERPorbeagle Press Inc.Drummondville, QC, CanadaABOUTFirst published in 2007, the Diving Almanac & Book of Records is the only compilation of such diverse and far-ranging information on theworld diving commu. It is meant to showcase the accomplishmentsof underwater expl

3、orers, scientists, engineers,divers and adven-turers since Man first plunged into the sea more than six millennia ago.Although it is the most complete source of diving records, diving history,as well as the only repertoire of the international diving commuavail-able today, the Diving Almanac & B

4、ook of Records will forever remain awork in progress. Even in 2015, language and cultural barriers, and the absence of a central body of historical and current information, make it difficult to shed light on all of the events that have shaped the course of huma s underwater experiences and achieveme

5、nts. Future editions will thus continue to add to the shared history of divers worldwide. All of the information in this book was obtained directly from the source or from verified references. However, we are regularly confronted with con- flicting dates and claims of world firsts. The Diving Almana

6、c & Book of Records may thus contain factual errors and omissions, none of which are deliberate or meant to ignore the accomplishments of any individual or group.LATEST EDITIONA new edition of the Diving Almanac & Book of Records is posted online every two months. If the edition number in th

7、is document does not match the edition number on our web- site, your copy is out of date:DOWNLOAD MOST RECENT EDITION4© 2015 PORBEAGLE PRESS INC.DIVING ALMANAC & BOOK OF RECORDS 4.2COPYRIGHT © 2015 PORBEAGLE PRESS INC.Under International and Universal Copyright Con- ventions by Porbeag

8、le Press Inc.No part of this work may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by anymeans, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Images and texts contained in this book that

9、are donated from private sources are © copyrighted by the respec- tive owner. Images credited to the Canadian National Archives, NASA, NOAA, NURP, OAR, the U.S. Coast Guard and the U.S. NAVY are inthe public domain and may be usedly. All other images not creditedto a specific source are in the

10、public domain (PD). Texts credited to U.S.Government agencies are in the public domain. Copyright of the Diving Almanac & Book of Records does not apply to information or photos ob- tained from U.S. Government servers or to images licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike Licens

11、e (CC), GNU General Public License (GNU), or Wikimedia Commons (WC). Every effort hasbeento contact copyright owners when deemed necessary. In thecase of any accidental omissions, the editor will rightfully and respect-fully make proper acknowledgements in future editions.COVER IMAGESExpeditionary C

12、ombat Cameras Underwater Photo Team by U.S. Navy; Exosuit by Nuytco Research; Humpback whale by NOAA.CONTACTPorbeagle Press Inc. Drummondville, QC, Canada infoPhone: 1-ADVERTISINGAll ad sizes cost less than $1,000 USD per yearly insertion (6 issues) Click here to download our rate card (PDF) salesPh

13、one: 1-5© 2015 PORBEAGLE PRESS INC.DIVING ALMANAC & BOOK OF RECORDS 4.2ER CONTRIBUTIONSIf you discover any mistakes, typosaboard the Cousteau flag-ship Alcyone in 1999, he is a Fellow of the Explorers Club, and he received the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal in recognition of hisor

14、 omissions, please forward thecorrect information for inclusion in the next edition. We also ask for yourassistance in obtaining new information such as missed firsts, historicalevents andtones, as well as photo contributions.SAFETY NOTEIndividuals attempting to dive without proper training do so at

15、 their own risk. Like the millions of certified divers around the world, ensure your diving experiences are safe and pleasurable by completing a recog- nized training program before your first dive. Your life depends on it.contributionstounderwaterscience2012.andexplorationinJeffreyseveralhasdivecon

16、tributedpublicationstoasJeffrey Galln Disko Bay, GreenlandABOUT THE EDITORJeffrey Gallant started diving training missions around thewell as television and film doc-umentaries on sharks and div-ing, including National Geographic,Photo by Françoise Gervaisin 1982. He has since led research andwo

17、rld, including in Canada where he isDiscovery Channel, and the BBC.He has been a contributing editor of Vancouver-based DIVER Magazinea scientist with the Greenland Shark and Elasmobranch Educationand Research Group.since 1997. Jeffrey lives in Drummondville, Quebec, wheat the CEGEP (General and Voc

18、ational College).e teachesAmong other accomplishments, Jeffrey was trained as anaquanautCousteauinRomaniain1995(L.S.-1Habitat),hedovewithÉquipe6© 2015 PORBEAGLE PRESS INC.DIVING ALMANAC & BOOK OF RECORDS4.2IMPORTANT MESSAGE FROM THE EDITORThe digital edition of the Diving Almanac &

19、 Book of Records marks a new beginning. Print books and magazines we it hard by the emergence of digital publishing and we were no exception. Thankfully, the Diving Almanac did not set a record of its own by beco the “Shortest-lived diving publication.” We are back, and this time, its for good. None

20、theless, we remain a small but highly dedicated team and we need the help of our ership to keep our diving records and Whos Who profiles up-to-date.This book undoubtedly contains mistakes and omissions, none of which were intentional or meant to ignore or diminish anyones accom- plishments. If you f

21、ind an error, be it factual or a typo, or if you know of any individuals or records that should be included in the next edition, please let us know. A new edition is published approximately once a month in order to keep this publication up-to-date. Important errors or mistakes may be corrected more

22、quickly if necessary. Help us improve the Diving Almanac & Book of Records by contributing your knowl- edge and suggestions.for your consideration and trust.- Jeffrey Gallant | Editor-in-ChiefHOW TO USE THIS DIGITAL BOOKThe digital edition of the Diving Almanac & Book of RecordsiPadThe iBook

23、s application offers many useful features that allow users to enjoy browsing the Diving Almanac & Book of Records.doesnot include a traditional index because it is fully searchable on anydevice, including PCs, tablets and mobile phones.To open this document in iBooks, you must first download the

24、 fiBooks application on iTunes. Once the application is installed on your iPad, simply open the document with Preview and then tap on the screen to show options at the top of the page. Click on “Open in iBooks” to add the Diving Almanac & Book of Records to your library.New records or Whos Who p

25、rofiles added to the latestedition are preceded by the “NEW” title in red.NEWRecords or Whos Who profiles that were modified in thelatest edition are preceded by the “MOD” title in red.MODWhen the Diving Almanac & Book of Records is open in iBooks, go toa page without advertising and tap on the

26、screen to open the.ADVERTISEMENTSThe Diving Almanac & Book of Records relies on advertising to sus- tain itself. The ads in this book are therefore linked to the companyThere you will find a search engine as well as a number of usefultools. Tap on the screen twice to zoom in.or product advertise

27、d. Clicking or tapon these ads opens theThe Magnifying Glass button opens the search engine.advertisers website. If you want to access the or any of thefeatures listed below, you must do so on a page without advertising.The Table of Contents button allows you to scroll throughsmall size pages of the

28、 book. Simply tap on the page of your choice to open.PCOpen the book with Adobe include a search engine thater or IOS Preview. Both applicationsallows you to locate all of your wordThe Library button takes you back to your book.matches within the book, including brief exerpts and page numbers.The Bo

29、okmark button allows you to save pages for fu-ture reference. In order to see your bookmarked pages, click on the Table of Contents button and then click on the Bookmark button once again. Only the pages that you have bookmarked will appear.TABLETOpen the book with Adobeer or a dedicated application

30、 forPDF documents. Most applications include a search engine that al-lows you to locate all of your word matches within the book, includ-ing brief exerpts and page numbers. Tap on the screen to access the. Double-tap to zoom in.The Light button allows you to adjust screen brightness.MOBILE PHONEThe

31、digital edition of the Diving Almanac & Book of Records is de- signed for PCs and tablets but it is fully functional on mobile phones. However, because it is a PDF document, font size is not adjustable. Users must therefore double-tap on the screen to zoom in.Dictionary: Press your finger on any

32、 word to use the “Define” orautomatic “Search” tools (Requires WIFI or cellular connection).To quickly scroll through the book from start to finish, click anywhereon the screen to reveal a search tool at the bottom of the page, thenscroll through the thumbnails until you find the desired page.users

33、may zoom in using the two-finger sprtechnique.7© 2015 PORBEAGLE PRESS INC.DIVING ALMANAC & BOOK OF RECORDS 4.2Dont miss a single updateJoin our MAILING LIST and be the first to download the next FClick or tap HERE to subscribe to our mailing list on our website.editionYouraddress will never

34、 be shared and you will only receive messages announcing a new edition.CLICK OR TAPCLICK OR TAPUPDATES ARE ALSO ANNOUNCEDONAND8© 2015 PORBEAGLE PRESS INC.DIVING ALMANAC & BOOK OF RECORDS 4.2Table of Contents|EDITION 4.29© 2015 PORBEAGLE PRESS INC.DIVING ALMANAC & BOOK OF RECORDS 4.

35、2Chief Mass Communication Specialist Shane Tuck descends in the water column during underwater photography training off the coast of Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Photo: U.S. NavyChapter 3Whos Whoof the World DivingCommuPAGE 209Chapter 2Diving HistoryTimeline of Man UnderwaterPAGE 127Chapter 1Diving Records

36、and Aquatic SuperlativesPAGE 10ROLEX Media Release Chapter 1Diving Recordsand Aquatic Superlatives181. Deepest submersible dive (Ocean)10,916 m (35,814 ft) - Bathyscaphe Trieste (Project Nek- ton) - 23 January 1960, Challenger Deep (Mariana Trench), Guam (Deepest known point on earth). Hydrostatic p

37、ressure:16,000 PSI (1,089 ATM). Occupants:(Switzerland), Lt. Donald Walsh, USN.Dr.JacquesPiccard10© 2015 PORBEAGLE PRESS INC.DIVING ALMANAC & BOOK OF RECORDS 4.211© 2015 PORBEAGLE PRESS INC.DIVING ALMANAC & BOOK OF RECORDS 4.2Chapter 1AS OF MARCH 1, 2015SCUBA DIVINGDeepest altitude

38、 dive Men Deepest altitude dive Women Deepest cave dive Men Deepest cave dive Women Deepest cave dive USA Deepest cave dive on airDeepest dive in shark observation cage Deepest dive in spring connected tunnel USA Deepest dive on air MenDeepest dive on air Women Deepest dive on scuba Men MOD Deepest

39、dive on scuba Women Deepest dive under ice FreshwaterDeepest open-circuit dive in the Great LakesDeepest rebreather dive CCRDeepest rebreather dive CCR - Women Deepest rebreather wreck dive CCR - WomenDeepest rebreather dive by blind diver CCR - Freshwater Deepest rebreather dive by blind diver CCR

40、- Ocean Deepest wreck dive FreshwaterDeepest wreck dive Men Deepest wreck dive Women Fastest drift diveFirst diver to reach 1000 feet 310 mHighest altitude divesLargest underwater press conference Longest cave penetration dive Solo Longest cave penetration dive Solo - DPV Longest cave penetration di

41、ve DPV Longest cave traverse DPVLongest continuous immersion Controlled environment - Hooka Longest continuous immersion Openwater - HookaLongest continuous immersion on scuba Controlled - Solo Longest continuous immersion on scuba Controlled - Group NEWDiving Recordsand Aquatic SuperlativesRecord v

42、erification: Although every..3.34.attempt isto verify the followingrecords and world firsts, some in-formation may be incorrect. If you can demonstrate that any of the following information is false or outdated, pl

43、ease contact us.New or unlistedyou have claim tounderwater recordrecord: Ifa diving oror first, or ifyou know of a record not listedhere, write to us to get your record published in the next edition of the Diving Almanac and Book of Records.12© 2015 PORBEAGLE PRESS INC.DIVING ALMANAC & BOOK

44、 OF RECORDS 4.2EDITORS NOTE: We realise that some of the records listed on the following pages may have been broken, and that we have not received the new information. If you have verified information that contradicts any of the records in this book, please contact us so that we may make corrections

45、 or updates.records0.51.52.Longest continuous immersion on scuba FreshwaterLongest continuous immersion on scuba Ocean -d circuitLongest continuous immersion on scuba Ocean - ColdwaterLongest continuous immersion on scuba Ocean - Open circuit Longest dee

46、p cave penetration WomenLongest dive into an icebergLongest underwater distance without surfacingLongest underwater distance without surfacing Europe Oldest active diver MODOldest decompression divers Oldest scuba diving club Oldest scuba diving club USAOldest scuba diving show USA Youngest cave div

47、er Female Youngest cave diver MaleYoungest diver to dive south of the Antarctic Circle Youngest diving authorYoungest scuba instructorDIVING & SWIMConstant weight AIDA CWT - Men Constant weight AIDA CWT - WomenConstant weight without fins AIDA CNF - Men Constant weight without fins AIDA CNF - Wo

48、men Dynamic apnea without fins AIDA DNF - Men Dynamic apnea without fins AIDA DNF - Women Dynamic apnea with fins AIDA DYN - Men Dynamic apnea with fins AIDA DYN - Women Fastest ice water swim8.Firstdiving clubFirst long-distance swim at North PoleFirst

49、to complete long-distance swims in five oceans First to swim the Arch at Dahabs Blue HoleFirst to swim the Arch at Dahabs Blue Hole No equipmentFirstto swim from Cuba to USA No Cageimmersion AIDA FIM - Men13© 2015 PORBEAGLE PRESS INC.DIVING ALMANAC & BOOK OF RECORDS 4.25.

50、8.89.immersion AIDA FIM - Women0021.122.First diver to tag a Greenland shark underwaterFirst diver to tag a whale shark underwater Women First female scuba diverFirst female scuba diving instr

51、uctor Pakistan First Internet-enabled scuba diving device First mixed gas dives under polar iceFirst quadriplegic open water dive First saturation dive under polar ice First scientific dives at the North Pole First scuba diving clubFirst scuba diving familyFirst shark observation cage MODFirst shark

52、 observation cage Under ice First shark observation cage Variable depth First shark observation cage White shark First shark observation cage dives Canada First shark observation cage dives UKFirst shark observation suitFirst online college course taught from underwater First training agencyHighest

53、altitudediveLongest ice water swimLongest ocean swimLongest snorkel relay DPV - Arctic Longest underwater relay swim 24hr No limits WomenNo limits AIDA NLT - Men No limits AIDA NLT - WomenOldestdiving clubOldest order of female diversStatic apnea Men - With pure oxygen Static apnea Men - Without pur

54、e oxygen Static apnea Women - With pure oxygen Static apnea AIDA STA - MenStatic apnea AIDA STA - WomenUnder ice Depth Under ice DistanceUnder ice Distance - Swimsuit Variable weight AIDA VWT - Men Variable weight AIDA VWT - WomenUNDERWATER IMAGINGDeepest fish vDeepest hologramDIVING & UNDERWATE

55、R FIRSTSFirst Aqua-Lung diveFirst archaeological excavation on scuba First cageless dive with the white sharkFirst cageless dive with the white shark Intentional First commercial shark-feeding diveFirst dive across the English Channel MODFirst dive across the English Channel RelayFirst dive across t

56、he English Channel Untethered NEWFirst dive at the the North Pole First dive in AntarcticaFirst dive on the HMHS BritannicFirst dive with a coelacanthFirst diver to reach the bottom of Deans Blue Hole00.101.102.DeepestcameraFirst amphibious came