办公建筑火灾与人员疏散模拟分析

1、计算机实践报告课程名称： 火灾科学 题 目： 某办公建筑火灾与人员疏散模拟分析一 、设计的基本情况1.1建筑的基本情况 建筑为两层，两层平面类似，尺寸见下图： 一层平面图二层平面图层高3.6m；火灾时每个房间门均敞开，窗户均关闭；一楼大门尺寸为2m×2m，火灾中为敞开状态；1.2.火灾发生时的条件 1本设计中火灾功率为2MW、火源位置在房间6墙角，起火房间初始没有人员，其余房间初始人数12；2. 火源为t平方快速增长火，单位面积热释放速率1000kW/m2；3. 房间14设有机械排烟口，排烟流量如表所列，排烟口面积为0.5m×0.5m，排烟口下沿离地高度3.0m，火灾开始后

2、30s开始启动。二、FDS模拟火灾过程2.1FDS模型的建立利用pyrosim进行模型构建，按照条件来设置建筑、着火点、火源功率、排烟口等情况，即可得到本建筑着火时的FDS模型，模型图如下：2.2. 火源热释放速率增长曲线2.3温度随时间变化图（从第5分钟开始，每5分钟截一次图）一楼起火房间（楼梯左侧）温度随时间变化图二楼排烟房间（左下角房间）温度随时间变化图走廊温度随时间变化图2.4能见度的变化（从第5分钟开始，每5分钟截一次图）一楼起火房间（楼梯左侧）能见度随时间变化图二楼排烟房间（左下角房间）能见度随时间变化图走廊能见度随时间变化图2.5 CO浓度的变化（从第5分钟开始，每5分钟截一次图

3、）一楼起火房间（楼梯左侧）CO随时间变化图二楼排烟房间（左下角房间）CO随时间变化图走廊CO随时间变化图2.6 可用安全疏散时间（ASET）房间1的烟气高度420s时小于2m，可用安全疏散时间为420s房间2的烟气高度400s时小于2m，可用安全疏散时间为400s房间3的烟气高度350s时小于2m，可用安全疏散时间为350s房间4的烟气高度350s时小于2m，可用安全疏散时间为350s房间5的烟气高度420s时小于2m，可用安全疏散时间为420s房间6因为是火灾发生地，所以不做讨论房间7的烟气高度350s时小于2m，可用安全疏散时间为350s房间8的烟气高度350s时小于2m，可用安全疏散时间

4、为350s房间9的烟气高度400s时小于2m，可用安全疏散时间为400s房间10的烟气高度480s时小于2m，可用安全疏散时间为480s房间11因为是封闭的，所以不做讨论房间12的烟气高度480s时小于2m，可用安全疏散时间为480s房间13的烟气高度400s时小于2m，可用安全疏散时间为400s房间14的烟气高度360s时小于2m，可用安全疏散时间为360s房间15的烟气高度480s时小于2m，可用安全疏散时间为480s房间16的烟气高度480s时小于2m，可用安全疏散时间为480s房间17的烟气高度400s时小于2m，可用安全疏散时间为400s走廊1的烟气高度180s时小于2m，可用安全疏

5、散时间为180s走廊2的烟气高度190s时小于2m，可用安全疏散时间为190s三、 必要安全疏散时间（RSET）分析3.1 Evacnet4 场景建立3.1.1 节点划分WP：workplace，房间； HA：hall，走道；SW：stairwell，楼梯间； LA：Landing，楼梯平台；DS：destination，目标（即最终疏散到的安全地方）LO:lobby（大厅）将平面图节点化：疏散路径LO1.1-DS1.1LA1.1-LO1.1HA1.1-LA1.1HA2.1-LA1.1SW1.2-LA1.1WP1.1-HA1.1WP2.1-HA1.1WP3.1-HA2.1WP4.1-HA2.1

6、WP5.1-HA1.1WP6.1-HA1.1WP7.1-HA2.1WP8.1-HA2.1LA1.2-SW1.2HA1.2-LA1.2HA2.2-LA1.2WP1.2-HA1.2WP2.2-HA1.2WP3.2-HA2.2WP4.2-HA2.2WP5.2-HA1.2WP6.2-HA1.2WP7.2-HA2.2WP8.2-HA2.2 节点相关数据表NODEFloorUALOSAPAONCICHA1.11158D5310HA2.11140D5280HA1.22158D5310HA2.22140D5280LO1.1178D5150LA1.1165D5130LA1.2265D5130SW1.2278D5

7、150WP1.11135C111212WP2.11108C91212WP3.11108C91212WP4.11108C91212WP5.11135C111212WP6.11108C9120WP7.11108C91212WP8.11108C91212WP1.22135C111212WP2.22108C91212WP3.22108C91212WP4.22108C91212WP5.22135C111212WP6.22108C91212WP7.22108C91212WP8.22108C91212路径参数ARCLOSWRAFVDCDISTASTTLO1.1-DS1.1D67186102151LA1.1-

8、LO1.1D901811162151HA1.1-LA1.1D67186302152HA2.1-LA1.1D67186262152SW1.2-LA1.1D47227161102WP1.1-HA1.1D35133162151WP2.1-HA1.1D35123162151WP3.1-HA2.1D35123162151WP4.1-HA2.1D35123162151WP5.1-HA1.1D35133162151WP6.1-HA1.1D35123162151WP7.1-HA2.1D35123162151WP8.1-HA2.1D35125162151LA1.2-SW1.2D47227161102HA1.2-

9、LA1.2D67186301102HA2.2-LA1.2D67186261102WP1.2-HA1.2D35133162151WP2.2-HA1.2D35123162151WP3.2-HA2.2D35123162151WP4.2-HA2.2D35123162151WP5.2-HA1.2D35133162151WP6.2-HA1.2D35123162151WP7.2-HA2.2D35123162151WP8.2-HA2.2D35123162151疏散计算结果通过程序Evacnet4运行附录中Evacnet运行文件得到以下结果： 整个建筑除了11号封闭房间共12*15=180人安全疏散需要75s。

10、各节点的必要安全疏散时间如下图所示： 总结：当发生火灾时，必要安全时间（RSET）大于可用安全时间(ASET)时，则可认为人员能够疏散散至安全区域。受多方面因素影响如，火灾探测器报警时间，人的感应时间和反应快慢，以及能见度等多方面因素的影响，必要安全疏散时间会比烟气层高度达到最小安全值时的时间要短得多。通过火灾模拟得出的必要安全疏散时间为房间6的必要疏散时间，因为其他房间及走廊在模拟的时间内烟气层高度都处于安全值。附：FDS代码：&HEAD CHID='4'/&TIME T_END=1.2021 000E003/&DUMP RENDER_FILE=

11、9;4.ge1', DT_RESTART=60.00/&MESH ID='jianzhu', IJK=50,20,18, XB=0.00,20.00,-8.00,0.00,0.00,7.20/&REAC ID='REAC', C=3.00, H=8.00, O=0.00, N=0.00, CO_YIELD=0.0100, SOOT_YIELD=0.0300/&DEVC ID='1', QUANTITY='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=3.00,3.00,-1.40,-1.40,0.00,3.6

12、0/&DEVC ID='10', QUANTITY='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=7.00,7.00,-1.40,-1.40,3.60,7.20/&DEVC ID='11', QUANTITY='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=10.00,10.00,-1.50,-1.50,3.60,7.20/&DEVC ID='12', QUANTITY='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=14.00,14.00,-1.40,-1.40,3.60,7.20/&DEVC

13、 ID='13', QUANTITY='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=18.00,18.00,-1.40,-1.40,3.60,7.20/&DEVC ID='14', QUANTITY='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=3.00,3.00,-6.40,-6.40,3.60,7.20/&DEVC ID='15', QUANTITY='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=7.00,7.00,-6.40,-6.40,3.60,7.20/&DEVC ID='16&#

14、39;, QUANTITY='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=14.00,14.00,-6.40,-6.40,3.60,7.20/&DEVC ID='17', QUANTITY='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=18.00,18.00,-6.40,-6.40,3.60,7.20/&DEVC ID='2', QUANTITY='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=7.00,7.00,-1.40,-1.40,0.00,3.60/&DEVC ID='3', QUANTITY

15、='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=14.00,14.00,-1.40,-1.40,0.00,3.00/&DEVC ID='4', QUANTITY='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=18.00,18.00,-1.40,-1.40,0.00,3.00/&DEVC ID='5', QUANTITY='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=3.00,3.00,-6.40,-6.40,0.00,3.60/&DEVC ID='6', QUANTITY='LAYER HE

16、IGHT', XB=7.00,7.00,-6.40,-6.40,0.00,3.60/&DEVC ID='7', QUANTITY='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=14.00,14.00,-6.40,-6.40,0.00,3.60/&DEVC ID='8', QUANTITY='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=18.00,18.00,-6.40,-6.40,0.00,3.60/&DEVC ID='9', QUANTITY='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=

17、3.00,3.00,-1.40,-1.40,3.60,7.20/&DEVC ID='z1', QUANTITY='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=10.00,10.00,-4.00,-4.00,0.00,3.60/&DEVC ID='z2', QUANTITY='LAYER HEIGHT', XB=10.00,10.00,-4.00,-4.00,3.60,7.20/&DEVC ID='TIMER', QUANTITY='TIME', XYZ=0.00,-8.00,0.00

18、, SETPOINT=30.00/&SURF ID='paiyan', COLOR='GRAY 80', VOLUME_FLUX=4.17/&SURF ID='fire', COLOR='RED', HRRPUA=1.0000000E003, TAU_Q=-146.00/&OBST XB=0.00,0.00,-8.00,0.00,0.00,3.60, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=20.00,20.00,-8.00,0.00,0.00,3.60, SUR

19、F_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=0.00,20.00,-8.00,-8.00,0.00,3.60, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=0.00,20.00,0.00,0.00,0.00,3.60, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=0.00,20.00,-3.20,-3.00,0.00,3.60, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=15.80,16.00,-8.00,-5.00,0.00,3.60,

20、SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=0.00,9.00,-5.00,-4.80,0.00,3.60, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=8.80,9.00,-8.00,-5.00,0.00,3.60, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=12.00,12.20,-8.00,-5.00,0.00,3.60, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=15.80,16.00,-3.00,0.00,0.00,3.6

21、0, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=5.00,5.20,-8.00,-5.00,0.00,3.60, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=12.00,12.20,-3.00,0.00,0.00,3.60, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=8.80,9.00,-3.00,0.00,0.00,3.60, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=5.00,5.20,-3.00,0.00,0.00,3.60

22、, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=9.00,10.42,-5.20,-5.00,0.00,0.1800, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=9.00,10.39,-5.40,-5.20,0.1800,0.3600, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=9.00,10.39,-5.60,-5.40,0.3600,0.54, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=9.00,10.41,-5.80,-5.

23、60,0.54,0.72, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=8.97,10.43,-6.00,-5.80,0.72,0.90, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=8.96,10.44,-6.20,-6.00,0.90,1.08, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=8.91,10.45,-6.40,-6.20,1.08,1.26, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=8.95,10.42,-6.60

24、,-6.40,1.26,1.44, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=8.99,10.42,-6.80,-6.60,1.44,1.62, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=8.99,10.44,-7.00,-6.80,1.62,1.80, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=8.96,12.07,-8.00,-7.00,1.62,1.80, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=10.57,12.03,

25、-7.00,-6.80,1.80,1.98, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=10.57,12.05,-6.80,-6.60,1.98,2.16, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=10.57,12.04,-6.60,-6.40,2.16,2.34, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=10.56,12.04,-6.40,-6.20,2.34,2.52, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=10.5

26、6,12.05,-6.20,-6.00,2.52,2.70, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=10.55,12.03,-6.00,-5.80,2.70,2.88, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=10.58,12.06,-5.80,-5.60,2.88,3.06, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=10.56,12.10,-5.60,-5.40,3.06,3.24, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST

27、 XB=10.56,12.07,-5.40,-5.20,3.24,3.42, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=12.00,20.00,-5.00,-4.80,0.00,3.60, SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=5.00,5.20,-3.00,0.00,3.60,7.20, COLOR='GRAY 40', SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=0.00,20.00,0.00,0.00,3.60,7.20, COLOR='

28、GRAY 40', SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=0.00,0.00,-8.00,0.00,3.60,7.20, COLOR='GRAY 40', SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=8.80,9.00,-3.00,0.00,3.60,7.20, COLOR='GRAY 40', SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=12.00,12.20,-3.00,0.00,3.60,7.20, COLOR='G

29、RAY 40', SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=15.80,16.00,-3.00,0.00,3.60,7.20, COLOR='GRAY 40', SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=15.81,16.01,-8.00,-5.00,3.60,7.20, COLOR='GRAY 40', SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=20.00,20.00,-8.00,0.00,3.60,7.20, COLOR=&#

30、39;GRAY 40', SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=12.00,12.20,-8.00,-5.00,3.60,7.20, COLOR='GRAY 40', SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=5.00,5.20,-8.00,-5.00,3.60,7.20, COLOR='GRAY 40', SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=0.00,20.00,-3.20,-3.00,3.60,7.20, COLOR

31、='GRAY 40', SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=12.00,20.00,-5.00,-4.80,3.60,7.20, COLOR='GRAY 40', SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=0.00,20.00,-8.00,-8.00,3.60,7.20, COLOR='GRAY 40', SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=10.51,12.04,-5.20,-5.00,3.42,3.60,

32、SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=8.78,9.18,-8.00,-4.84,3.60,7.20, COLOR='GRAY 40', SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=0.00,8.78,-4.84,-4.84,3.60,7.20, COLOR='GRAY 40', SURF_ID='INERT'/ wall&OBST XB=10.41,10.41,-6.94,-4.84,0.00,3.60, SURF_ID='INERT'

33、/ wall&OBST XB=0.00,9.00,-8.00,0.00,3.42,3.60, RGB=255,255,153, SURF_ID='INERT'/ floor&OBST XB=9.00,12.00,-5.00,0.00,3.42,3.60, RGB=255,255,153, SURF_ID='INERT'/ floor&OBST XB=12.00,20.00,-8.00,0.00,3.42,3.60, RGB=255,255,153, SURF_ID='INERT'/ floor&OBST XB=0.

34、00,0.1000,-8.00,-7.50,6.60,7.10, COLOR='BLACK', SURF_ID6='INERT','paiyan','INERT','INERT','INERT','INERT', DEVC_ID='TIMER'/ paiyankou&OBST XB=5.20,6.00,-8.00,-7.50,0.00,0.50, RGB=236,0,0, SURF_IDS='fire','INERT','

35、;INERT'/ fire&HOLE XB=3.8800000E000,4.9000000E000,-3.3700000E000,-2.9700000E000,0.0000000E000,2.0000000E000/ door1&HOLE XB=3.8800000E000,4.9000000E000,-5.0500000E000,-4.6500000E000,0.0000000E000,2.0000000E000/ door2&HOLE XB=7.7015777E000,8.6377410E000,-3.3700000E000,-2.9700000E000,0.

36、0000000E000,2.0000000E000/ door3&HOLE XB=7.7058740E000,8.6411837E000,-5.0500000E000,-4.6500000E000,0.0000000E000,2.0000000E000/ door4&HOLE XB=1.2403641E001,1.3239744E001,-3.3279634E000,-2.9279634E000,0.0000000E000,2.0000000E000/ door5&HOLE XB=1.2385835E001,1.3339803E001,-5.0500000E000,-4

37、.6500000E000,0.0000000E000,2.0000000E000/ door6&HOLE XB=1.6100000E001,1.7100000E001,-3.2500000E000,-2.8500000E000,0.0000000E000,2.0000000E000/ door7&HOLE XB=1.612021 0E001,1.7140000E001,-5.0500000E000,-4.6500000E000,0.0000000E000,2.0000000E000/ door8&HOLE XB=3.8800000E000,4.9000000E000,-

38、3.3500000E000,-2.9500000E000,3.6000000E000,5.6000000E000/ door9&HOLE XB=7.7056094E000,8.6321708E000,-3.3500000E000,-2.9500000E000,3.6000000E000,5.6000000E000/ door10&HOLE XB=1.2394505E001,1.3234900E001,-3.3500000E000,-2.9500000E000,3.6000000E000,5.6000000E000/ door11&HOLE XB=1.612021 0E0

39、01,1.7140000E001,-3.3500000E000,-2.9500000E000,3.6000000E000,5.6000000E000/ door12&HOLE XB=1.612021 0E001,1.7140000E001,-5.0500000E000,-4.6500000E000,3.6000000E000,5.6000000E000/ door13&HOLE XB=1.2383877E001,1.3341888E001,-5.0500000E000,-4.6500000E000,3.6000000E000,5.6000000E000/ door14&

40、HOLE XB=7.7055750E000,8.6356875E000,-5.0500000E000,-4.6500000E000,3.6000000E000,5.6000000E000/ door15&HOLE XB=3.8800000E000,4.9000000E000,-5.0500000E000,-4.6500000E000,3.6000000E000,5.6000000E000/ door16&HOLE XB=8.9999304E000,1.2021 000E001,-3.3000000E000,-2.8002021 E000,0.0000000E000,3.4202

41、1 00E000/ door17&HOLE XB=9.5000000E000,1.1500000E001,-1.0000000E-001,0.0000000E000,0.0000000E000,2.0000000E000/ door18&SLCF QUANTITY='VOLUME FRACTION', SPEC_ID='carbon monoxide', PBY=-4.00/&SLCF QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE', PBY=-4.00/&SLCF QUANTITY='VISIBILITY&

42、#39;, PBY=-4.00/&SLCF QUANTITY='VOLUME FRACTION', SPEC_ID='carbon monoxide', PBZ=2.00/&SLCF QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE', PBZ=2.00/&SLCF QUANTITY='VISIBILITY', PBZ=2.00/&SLCF QUANTITY='VOLUME FRACTION', SPEC_ID='carbon monoxide', PBZ=5.60/&am

43、p;SLCF QUANTITY='TEMPERATURE', PBZ=5.60/&SLCF QUANTITY='VISIBILITY', PBZ=5.60/&TAIL /Evacnet 输入文件：ENWP1.1,12,13WP2.1,12,13WP3.1,12,13WP4.1,12,13WP5.1,12,13WP6.1,12,13WP7.1,12,WP8.1,12,13HA2.1,28HA1.1,31LA1.1,13LO1.1,16WP1.2,15,14WP2.2,15,14WP3.2,15,14WP4.2,15,14WP5.2,15,14WP6

44、.2,15,14WP7.2,15,14WP8.2,15,14HA1.2,31HA2.2,28SW1.2,15LA1.2,13DS1.1ENDEALO1.1-DS1.1,6,1LA1.1-LO1.1,11,1HA1.1-LA1.1,6,2HA2.1-LA1.1,6,2SW1.2-LA1.1,7,2WP1.1-HA1.1,3,1WP2.1-HA1.1,3,1WP3.1-HA2.1,3,1WP4.1-HA2.1,3,1WP5.1-HA1.1,3,1WP6.1-HA1.1,3,1WP7.1-HA2.1,3,1WP8.1-HA2.1,3,1LA1.2-SW1.2,7,2HA1.2-LA1.2,6,2HA

45、2.2-LA1.2,6,2WP1.2-HA1.2,3,1WP2.2-HA1.2,3,1WP3.2-HA2.2,3,1WP4.2-HA2.2,3,1WP5.2-HA1.2,3,1WP6.2-HA1.2,3,1WP7.2-HA2.2,3,1WP8.2-HA2.2,3,1END 教师见习报告总结期待已久的见习已经结束了，在龙岩三中高中部见习听课，虽然只是短短的两个星期，但感触还是蛮深的，以前作为一名学生坐在课室听课，和现在作为一名准教师坐在课室听课是完全不同的感受，感觉自己学到了一些在平时课堂上学不到的东西。在这里，我获得的不仅是经验上的收获，更多是教学管理，课堂教学等的理念，以及他们带给我的种种思

46、考。教育见习实践过程：听课。教育见习的主要目的是让学生在指导教师的引导下，观摩教师上课方法、技巧等。听课是教育见习的主要内容。我院规定在一周的见习中需完成至少6课的见习任务。我在教师的安排指导下，分别对高一、高二物理专业课型为主，其他课型齐头的方式，积极主动的完成了听课任务，收到良好的效果。我听的第一节课是高二（8）班，这是一个平衡班，水平不如实验班高。在上课前。科任老师已经跟我说了这个班的纪律是比较差的，而且成绩也不是很好。在我听课期间，确实有几个学生在课堂上说话，但是我发现了一个有趣的现象，这个现象我在往后的几个班都发现了，就是绝大部分的学生的学习热情都好高涨，积极举手发言，积极参与课堂活动。我跟老师们提起这个现象的时候，科任老师就跟我说，一个班里不可能所有的学生都能全神贯注地听完一节课，所以作为一名教师，应该想办法吸引学生的注意力，调动的积极性，比如可以以小组为单位，以抢答计分的形式调动学生的积极性，这样课堂气氛就会活跃起来了。在为期两周的见习工作中，我真的有很大的感触，我第一次感受到自己已经从一名学生向一名教师靠近，走在校园里，每当有学生叫我一声老师，我在感到无比自豪的同时，还感受到了自己的责任。见习工作结束了，我要回到学校继续我的学习了，但是我会好好记住我从*中学学到