(完整word版)跨文化交际实用教程胡超版U1-U8判断题答案及翻译

1、T 1 As a phenomenon, intercultural communication has existed for thousands of years. However, as a discipline, its history is only about fifty years.作为一种现象，跨文化交际已经存在了几千年。然而，作为一门学科，它的历史只有50年左右。F 2 Intercultural Communication as a discipline first started in Europe.跨文化交际作为一门学科最早起源于欧洲。F 3 Culture is a

2、static entity while communication is a dynamic process.文化是一个静态的实体，交流是一个动态的过程。T4 Culture can be seen as shared knowledge ,what people need to know in order to act appropriately in a given culture.文化可以看作是共享的知识，人们需要知道什么才能在特定的文化中采取适当的行动。T5 Although cultural stereotype has its limitations (over-generaliz

3、ation),it still contributes to a persons cultural cognition.虽然文化刻板印象有其局限性(过度概括)，但它仍然有助于一个人的文化认知。T 6 In intercultural communication, we should separate ones individual character from cultural generalization.在跨文化交际中，我们应该把一个人的个性与文化泛化区分开来。T 7 Cultural mistakes are more serious than linguistic mistakes.

4、The linguistic mistake means that someone is not fully expressing his or her idea while cultural mistakes can lead to serious misunderstanding and even ill-feeling between individuals.文化错误比语言错误更严重。语言错误是指一个人没有充分表达他或她的想法，而文化错误可以导致严重的误解，甚至个人之间的敌意。F 8 All people of the same nationality will have the sam

5、e culture.同一民族的所有人都有相同的文化。T 9 Although two cultures may share the same ideas, their meaning and significance may not be the same.虽然两种文化可能有相同的思想，但它们的意义和意义可能不一样。F 10 One s actions are totally independent of his or her culture.一个人的行为完全独立于他或她的文化。II Comprehension CheckT_1 、 All cultures require and value

6、 politeness, but the ways in which politeness is achieved may vary significantly.所有的文化都要求并重视礼貌，但礼貌的实现方式可能有很大的不同。T_2 、 Don t take offence-getting the form of address”wrong ”is rarely intended to be offensive.不要生气 -得到 “错误 ”的称呼，很少是有意冒犯。T_3 、 Addressing forms like “ Miss Mary ”，“ Brown ” by the Chinese

7、may be a form of cultural compromise.中国人叫“ Miss Mary”“ Brown ”可能是一种文化妥协T_4 .Ranks in the armed forces like Captain, Colonel can be used as titles.军队中的军衔，如上尉、上校等，均可作为军衔使用F_5 .Westerners can understand what Uncle policeman or P.L.A. Uncmleeans.西方人能理解警察叔叔或人民解放军叔叔的意思。F_6 .We can address Jason Douglas, w

8、ho is a lawyer, as LawyDerouglas.我们可以称呼杰森 道格拉斯，他是一名律师，道格拉斯律师F_7 .Chinese hospitality toward the westerners is always greatly appreciated.中国人对西方人的热情好客总是受到极大的赞赏F_8 .The Chinese way of showing concern is usually appreciated by the Westerners.中国人表达关心的方式通常为西方人所欣赏。F_9 . “ Thank you for coming! ” is a typi

9、cal expression used by Western hosts when the guests just arrived.“谢谢你来 ! ”这是西方主人在客人刚到的时候使用的一个典型表达。T_10 .“ I m sorry to have wasted your time” or “I m sorry to have taken up so much of your time” are usually appropriate for the business visit.对不起，耽误了你的时间 ”或 “对不起，占用了你这么多时间 ”通常适合商务访问。IIIComprehension

10、CheckT 1. Sometimes the Chinese way of showing modesty may be considered as fishing for compliments.有时中国人表现谦虚的方式可能被认为是在寻求赞美T2. The social functions of Chinese and English compliments are roughly the same.汉语和英语赞美语的社会功能大致相同。T 3.In informal situations, a large number of compliments are used to make peo

11、ple feel comfortable.在非正式场合，大量的赞美会让人感到舒服。F 4. The cultural assumption of compliments is the same betweecnultures.不同文化之间对赞美的文化是一样的T 5. Adjectives and verbs are often used to convey compliment message in English, while adjectives, adverbs and verbsare often used in Chinese.在英语中，形容词和动词常用于表达赞美信息，而在汉语中，形

12、容词、副词和动词常用于表达赞美信息。F6. English compliments often begin with the word “you” while Chinese compliments often start withthe word “ I” .英语的赞美常常以“you#头，而汉语的赞美常常以P开头。F7. Chinese people give more compliments in daily life than Americans.中国人在日常生活中比美国人给予更多的赞美F8. Americans tends to be self-effacing in their co

13、mpliments responses.美国人在赞美他人时往往表现得很谦逊。F9. Compliments on other s belongings are sometimesan indirect way of request in American culture.在美国文化中，称赞别人的财物有时是一种间接表达想要。T10 . If a guest compliments something in another perso n s home, the Chinese host or hostess will probably give that thing tothe guest.如果

14、客人在别人家里称赞什么东西，中国的主人或女主人很可能会把那个东西送给客人。IVComprehension CheckF 1 Verbal communication is more important thannonverbal communication.语言交流比非语言交流更重要。F 2 Dragon'"means the same to the Westerner a拢" to the Chinese.龙在中国和西方都是一样的意思。F 3 The Chinese phras 抑识 分子" has the same meaning a intellec

15、tual.”中文的“知识分子”和英文中的“ intellectual” 一样。T 4 A term in one language may not have a counterpart in another language.一种语言中的术语在另一种语言中可能没有对应的术语。F 5 In referring to animals and birds, the Chinese practice is generally, but not always ,to us必"or 母"to show whether a creature is male or female. This

16、 is the same with the English language.中国所有的动物都可以用“公”“母”表示性别，这和英语中是一样的。T 6 The following six English word "vice” "associate “assistant “deputy” "lieutenant' and "under' can all mean "副”in Chinese language.“vice” "associate aassistant “deputy” "lieutenant

17、9; and "under'在中文中者B是“副”F 7 There are as many similarities as dissimilarities between English proverbs and Chinese proverbs.英语谚语和汉语谚语相似之处和不同之处一样多。T 8 Violating a cultural taboo is as serious as violating a verbal taboo.违反文化禁忌和违反语言禁忌一样严重。T 9 Patterns of thought varies with culture.不同的文化有不同的思

18、维模式。T 10 Particular thought patterns predominate in each culture, e.g. American culture is predominantlyfactual-inductive, Russianculture is predominantly axiomatic-deductive, and Arab cultures are predominately intuitive-affective.每一种文化中都有特定的思维模式占主导地位，例如 ：美国“factual-inductive” （事实）占主导地位，俄罗斯文化以“ axi

19、omatic- deductive/, （公理演绎）为主,而阿拉伯文化以“ intuitive-affective” （直觉情感）为主。V Comprehension CheckT1 Speaking is just one mode of communication. There are many others.说话只是一种交流方式。还有很多其他的F2 FSome researchers assert that in face-to-face communication, about 70%of information is communicated through speaking, an

20、d over 30% sis sent by nonverbal means.中国英语学习网一些研究人员断言，在面对面的交流中，大约 70%的信息是通过说话来交流的，超过30%的信息是通过非语言方式发送的。T3 Environment is one of the five study areas that nonverbal communication covers.环境是非语言交际的五个研究领域之一T4 Much of our nonverbal behavior, like culture, tends to elusive, spontaneous and frequently goes

21、 beyond our awareness.我们的许多非语言行为，如文化，往往难以捉摸，是自发的，经常超出我们的意识。F5 Latin American, African, Arab and most Asian cultures are M-Time cultures.拉丁美洲、非洲、阿拉伯和大多数亚洲文化都是M-Time文化。T6 Arab belongs to tough cultures.阿拉伯属于强硬文化T7 In some cultures, eye contact should be avoided in order to show respect or obedience.在某

22、些文化中，为了表示尊重或服从，应该避免目光接触。T8 the appropriateness of physical contact varies with different cultures.身体接触的适当性因文化的不同而不同F9 Western women usually like Chinese to touch their bodies or small children.西方女人通常喜欢中国人摸她们的身体或小孩F10 Seating arrangements reflect culture. Chinese people tend to talk with those opposi

23、te themrather than those seated or standing beside them.座位安排反映了文化。中国人喜欢和对面的人交谈VIComprehension CheckT1 .Gender is the cultural meaning o“f sex” .“Gender是“sex”的文化属性F2 .Sex and gendear re synonymous.“sex” 和 "gender;'是同义的T3. A lady might be feminine, masculine or a combination of both.女士可以是女性化的

24、，男性化的，或者两者兼而有之。T4. Women are generally comfortable with building close relationships and confiding to othersw, hile most men are reserved about involvement and disclosure.一般来说，女性对建立亲密关系和向他人倾诉感到放心，而大多数男性对参与和倾诉持保留态度。F5. Most men use communication to create connection or equality between people.大多数男人用交

25、流来建立人与人之间的联系或平等。F6. Women usually use communication to establish status and power.女性通常用沟通来建立地位和权力。T7. In feminine culture, communication is a way probably the primary way to express and expandcloseness.在女性文化中，沟通是一种表达和扩展的方式，可能是最主要表达亲密感。T8. Masculine socialization stresses doing things and regards act

26、ion as primary ways to create and express closeness.男性化强调做事，并把行动视为创造和表达亲密关系的主要方式。T9.The first and last principal for effective cross-gender communication is suspending judgment.有效的跨性别沟通的最重要的一个原则是推迟批判性话语T10 .It is difficult but possible to seek translation cues that will facilitate our communication.

27、寻找有助于我们交流的翻译线索是困难的，但却是可能的。VH Comprehension CheckT1 .The most common problemsin cross-cultural negotiations concern(1) rules for conducting business, (2) the selection of negotiators, and (3) methods of decision-making.在跨文化谈判中最常见的问题是(1)商业规则(2)谈判人员的选择(3)决策方法。T2 .The Japanese believe that socializing i

28、s integral to the negotiation process while the Americans do not think so.日本人认为交际是谈判过程中不可缺少的一部分，而美国人则不这么认为。F3 .American negotiation team members areusually selected on the basis oftheir social and professional status.美国谈判团队成员通常是根据他们的社会和职业地位来选择的。F4 .Like Japanese and Chinese negotiators, a detailed w

29、ritten agreement is not central to the negotiation process in the Middle East, Mexico and France.就像中国和日本一样，中东、墨西哥和法国谈判进程的核心是一份详细的书面协议。T5.The British employ a negotiating style similar to that of Americans, but more silence is utilized and they are less egalitarian.英国人的谈判风格与美国人相似，但更多的是沉默，不那么平等。T6 .Ge

30、rmans prefer clear, firm, and assertire expression while thJeapanese encourage convert, fragmented expression.德国人更喜欢清晰、坚定、自信的表达，而日本人则鼓励转换、支离破碎的表达。T7 .Mexican negotiators prefer the deductive approach. More emphasis is placed on contemplation and intuition. 墨西哥谈判代表更喜欢演绎法。更强调的是沉思和直觉F8 .The Brazilians

31、do not openly disagree during formal negotiations; they would consider this insulting and embarrassing. 巴西人在正式谈判中不会公开反对；他们会认为这是侮辱和尴尬T9. Creating a comfortable climate and spending time on the exploratory phase of negotiations are crucial in Middle East and Brazil.在中东和巴西，一个舒适的氛围，并在谈判的探索阶段花费时间，是至关重要的F10. Women are frequent participants on a Japanese negotiatiteam. 女性是日本谈判团队的常客。8T1.Due to the cultural differences, interpreting humor in intercultural encounters is possible but difficul