景观设计外文文献翻译

1、金陵科技皆院毕业设计（论文）外文参考资料及译文译文题目Ecolocalplanninginihcurbanlandscapedesign学生姓名：xxx学号：xxxxxxxxxx专业：园林所在学院：园艺学院指导教师：XX职称：M2013年3月15日Abstract:Thisarticlediscussestheurbanlandscapefromtherelationofthefollowingthreeconcepts:thelandscape,thecityandtheecology.Thispapermainlydiscusseshowthelandscapeinfluencesthec

2、ity'slivinglandscapeisastigmaintheland,whichisoftherelationshipbetweenhumanandhuman,betweenmanandnature.Thereexistssomesubtlerelationshipamonglandscape,cityandhumanizeddesign.摘要:本文从景观、城市、生态三个概念之间的彼此联系来论诉城市景观。本文中着重论述了景观对城市居住环境的影响。景观是人与人、人与自然关系在大地上的烙印。景观、城市、生态和人性化的设计理念之间存在着微妙而复杂的联系。LCityandTheLand

3、scape(1) OverviewofLandscapeDesignLandscapedesign,first,isapeople'sthinkingactivity,performedasanartthoughtsformedcomplexdiverselandscapeartstyle.Contemporarylandscapedesignapparentlyseeisthediversityofthelandscapeforms,infactitsessenceistokeeptheclosinguptothenaturalordersystem,reflectedthemore

4、respectforhumanbeings,morein-depthperspectiveofthenatureofhuman'srealityandneed,nottotrytoconquertheisnotevenimitatingnatural,butproduceasenseofbelonging.Landscapeisnotonlyaphenomenonbutthehumanvisualscene.Sotheearliestlandscapeimplicationsisactuallycityscene.Landscapedesignandcreationisactually

5、tobuildthecity.(2) TheRelationshipBetweenLandscapeandUrbanCityisaproductofhumansocial,economicandculturaldevelopment,andthemostcomplextype.Itisvulnerabletotheartificialandnaturalenvironmentalconditionsofinterference.Inrecentdecades,withworldwidetheaccelerationofurbanization,theurbanpopulationintensi

6、ve,heavytraffic,resourceshortage,environmentpollutionandecologydeteriorationhasbecomethefocusofattentionofthehumansociety.Inthecurrentenvironmentconditioninourcountry,theproblemisveryserious,andinsomeurbanareas,thepollutionhasquiteserious,andgreatlyinfluencedandrestrictsthesustainabledevelopmentofth

7、ecity.Landscapeistherelationshipbetweenmanandman,manandnature.Thisis,infact,akindofhumanlivingprocess.Livingprocessisactuallywiththepowersofnatureandtheinteractionprocess,inordertoobtainharmoniousprocess.Thelandscapeistheresultofhumanlifeinordertosurviveandtoadaptthenatural.Atthesametime,thelivingpr

8、ocessisalsoaprocessofestablishningharmoniouscoexistence.Therefore,asacolonylandscape,itisastigmaoftherelationshipbetweenmanandnature.IIthecitylandscapeplanninganddesign(1) citylandscapeelementsTheurbanlandscapeelementsincludenaturallandscapeandartificiallandscape.Amongthem,thenaturallandscapeismainl

9、yreferstothenaturalscenery,suchassizehills,ancientandfamoustrees,stone,rivers,lakes,oceans,etc.Artificiallandscapearethemainculturalrelics,culturalsite,thebotanicalgardenafforestation,artsketch,tradefairs,buildstructure,square,etc.Theselandscapeelementsmustofferalotofexamplesforcreatinghighqualityof

10、theurbanspaceenvironment.Butforauniqueurbanlandscape,youmustputallsortsoflandscapeelementsinthesystemorganization,andcreateanorderlyspaceform.(2)theurbanlandscapeintheplanningThecityisanorganicwhole,whichiscomposedwithmaterial,economy,culture,andimprovetheurbanenvironmentisacommonkeyoftheurbanlandsc

11、apedesignistostrengthenurbandesignideas,strengthenurbandesignwork.andblendurbandesignthoughtintothestagesofurbanplanning.Theoverallurbanplanninginthecitylandscapeplanningisnottoabandonthetraditionalgarden,greenspaceplanning,buttheextensionanddevelopmentofarenoconflict,butalsocannotbelandscapeplannin

12、gofcityplanning,weshouldfirstanalysistheurbanlandscaperesourcesstructure,fullyexploitlandscapeelementswhichcanreflectthecharacteristicsofcarefullyfortheformationofthesystemofurbanlandscape.Illecologicalplanningandurbanlandscape(1)therelationshipofurbanlandscapeandecologicalplanningLandscapeecologyis

13、anewlyemergedcrossdiscipline,themainresearchspacepatternandecologicalprocessesofinteraction,itsthemeistheforkthegeographyandecology.It'swiththewholelandscapeastheobject,throughthematerialflow,energyflowandinformationflowingthesurfaceoftheearthandvalueintransmissionandexchange,throughthebiologica

14、landthebiologicalandtheinteractionbetweenhumanandtransformation,theecologicalsystemprincipleandsystemresearchmethodsoflandscapestructureandfunction.thedynamicchangeoflandscapehasinteractionmechanism,theresearchofthelandscapepattern,optimizingthestructure,beautifythereasonableuseandtheprotection,have

15、verystrongpracticability.Urbanecologicalsystemisanatural,economicandsocialcompositeartificialecosystem,itincludinglifesystem,environmentsystem,withacomplexmulti-levelstructure,canbeindifferentapproachesofhumanactivityandthemutualrelationshipbetweenthecityandinfluence.Urbanenvironmentplanningguidance

16、andcoordinationasamacrodepartmentinterests,optimizingtheallocationoflandresourcescity,reasonableurbanspaceenvironmentorganizationtheimportantstrategicdeployment,musthaveecologicalconcept.Onlytohavetheecologicalview,toguidetheconstructionofthecityinthefuturetoecologicalcitygoal,toestablishtheharmonio

17、uslivingenvironment.Inrecentyears,landscapeplanninginurbanlandscapefeaturesprotectionandurbanenvironmentdesigniswideused.(2) landscapeinthelivingenvironmentofecologicaleffectLandscapeasaunitoflandbydifferentinlaidwithobviousvisualcharacteristicsofthegeographicentities,withtheeconomic,ecologicalandae

18、stheticvalue,themultiplevaluejudgmentislandscapeplanningandmanagementfoundation.Landscapeplanninganddesignalwaysistocreateapleasantlandscapeasthecenter.Theappropriatehumannaturecanunderstandthelandscapeformoresuitableforhumansurvival,reflectecologicalcivilizationlivingenvironment,includinglandscape,

19、buildingeconomy,prudentsexecologicalstability,environmentalcleanliness,spacecrowdedindex,landscapebeautifuldegreeofcontent,thecurrentmanyplacesforresidentialareaofgreen,static,beauty,Ann'srequirementisthepopularexpression.Landscapealsopaidspecialattentiontothespatialrelationshiplandscapeelements

20、,suchasshapeandsize,densityandcapacity,links,andpartition,locationandofsequence,astheircontentofmaterialandnaturalresourcesasimportantasquality.Astheurbanlandscapeplanningshouldpayattentiontoarrangethecityspacepattern,therelativeconcentrationoftheopenspace,theconstructionspacetodensityalternatewith;

21、Inartificialenvironmentappearedtonature;Increasethevisuallandscapediversity;ProtecttheenvironmentMinGanOuandtopromotegreenspacesystemconstruction.(3) theurbanlandscapeandecologicalplanninganddesignofthefusionofeachcitylandscapeandecologicalplanningdesignreflectshumananewdream,itisaccompaniedbyindust

22、rializationandafterthearrivaloftheeraofindustrialandincreasinglyclear.Naturalandcultural,designoftheenvironmentandlifeenvironment,beautifulformandecologicalfunctionsofrealcomprehensivefusion,thelandscapeisnolongerasinglecityofspecificland,butlettheablation,tothousands;Itwillletnatureparticipateindes

23、ign;Letthenaturalprocesswitheveryoneaccordingtodailylife;Letpeopletoperception,experienceandcarethenaturalprocessandnaturaldesign.(4) thecitylandscapeecologicalplanningthehumanizeddesign1.Hitiswiththepersonthis"designthoughtContemporarylandscapeinmeetpurposeatthesametime,morein-depthperspective

24、onhumanofthenatureofrealityandneeds.Firstperformanceforciviliandesigndirection,applicationofnaturalorganicmaterialsandelasticcurveformrichhumanlifespace.Nextisthebarrier-freedesign,namelynoobstacle,notdangerousthing,nomanipulationofthebarrierdesign.Nowtherehavebeentheelderly,thedisabled,fromthepersp

25、ectiveofthesocialtendency,barrier-freedesignideasbegantogainpopularity,atthesametimefordisadvantagedpeopletocarryonthedesignalsoishumannaturedesigntooveralldepthdirectiondevelopmenttrend.HItiswiththepersonthis"theservicethoughtsstillbehaveinspecialattentiontoplantofbrightcolor,smellgoodplant,pa

26、yattentiontoZuoJutextureandtheintensityofthelight.Thedetailprocessingofconsideratemoreexpressionoftheconcern,suchastheonlysteptoshopoftencausedvisualignoredandcausestaggered,inordertoavoidthiskindofcircumstancehappening,contemporarylandscapesitesdonotbeallowedunder3steps;Andassomeresidentialareaands

27、quareinthebushsetmoppool,convenientthedistrict'shygieneandwastewaterrecyclingwater.HItiswiththepersonthis"theservicethoughtsinmanywaysshowed,themeasureofthestandardishumanlove.1.1humanlandscapedesignconceptishumanlandscapedesignistopointtoinlandscapedesignactivity,payattentiontohumanneeds,i

28、nviewoftheusertotheenvironmentofthelandscapeofaneedtospreaddesign,whichsatisfiedtheuser“physiologicalandpsychological,physicalandmentalHmulti-levelneeds,embodiesthe"people-oriented"designthought.Urbanpublicspacehumanlandscapedesign,fromthefollowingfouraspectstounderstand:1.physicallevelofc

29、are.Humanlandscapedesignwithfunctionalandtherationalityofdesignintopremisecondition,payattentiontothephysicalspacereasonablelayoutandeffectiveuseofthefunction.Publicspacedesignshouldnotonlymakepeoplespsychologyandphysiologyfeelcomfortable,stillshouldconfigurationoffacilitiestomeetpeoplescomplexactiv

30、itiesdemand1.ThelevelofcaringheartDaniel.Inconstructionmaterialformofthespaceatthesametime,thepositivepsychologyadvocateforuserswiththeattentionthatemotion,andthenmakethepersonplacetoformthesecurity,fieldfeelingandbelonging.1.clubwilllevelofcare.Emphasizestheconcernofhumansurvivalenvironment,thedesi

31、gnintheareaunderthebackgroundofurbanecologicaloverallplanninganddesign,tomaketheresources,energyrationallyandeffectivelyusing,toachievethenaturaLsocialandeconomicbenefitsoftheunityofthethree.1.toacrowdofsegmentationclosecare.Advocatebarrier-freedesign,andtrytomeettheneedsofdifferentpeopleuse,andtoen

32、surethatthegroupofmutualinfluencebetweenactivities,letchildren,oldpeople,disabledpeoplecanenjoyoutdoorpublicthefunoflife.1.2andhumanlandscapedesignrelatedenvironmentalbehaviorknowledgetheenvironmentbehaviorishumanlandscapedesign,themainresearchfield,payattentiontotheenvironmentandpeople'sexplici

33、tbehaviorandtherelationshipbetweentheinteraction,triedtousethepsychologyofthesomebasictheory,methodsresearchersinthecityandarchitectureinactivitiesandtotheenvironmentoftheresponse,andthefeedbacktheinformationcanbeusedtoguidetheenvironmentconstructionandrenovation.WesternpsychologistdirkDEJoantoputfo

34、rwardtheboundaryeffecttheory.Hepointsoutthattheedgeofspaceispeopleliketostayarea,alsoisthespaceofthegrowthoftheactivityarea3.Liketheurbanspace,themarginofthewood,downthestreet,andtherainattheawning,awnings,corridorconstructionsunkenplace,ispeopleliketheplacetostay.Attheedgeofspace,andotherpeopleoror

35、ganizationstodistancethemselvesareisbetterabletoobservethespaceoftheeyesandnottobedisturbed.HManseethHisthepersonsnature.Alargepublicspaceareexisting"themanseethMphenomenon:theviewerconsciouslyorunconsciouslyobservation,inthespaceinfrontoftheallactivities.Atthesametime,someofthepeoplewithstrong

36、performancedesire,inpublicspaceinvariousactivitiestoattracttheattentionofothers,soastoachieveself-fulfillmentcheerful.TheseeminglysimpleHmanseethHphenomenon,butcanpromotespacemoreactivitiesproduction.Forexample,forawalkofpedestriansmaybebusystreetperformanceandtojointheranksoftheshowattracts,withthe

37、strangebecausetheaudienceisthesightoftheactivitiesofthewonderfulandshortconversation,artloversoftheinfectionbyenvironmentalatmospherebegantosketchactivities.Environmentaldesign,accordingtoenvironmentalbehaviorrelatedknowledge,activelycreateboundaryspaceprovidepeoplestay,rest,theplaceoftalkingtofacil

38、itatemorespaceActivitiesofgeneration,therichvisitorssensoryexperiences2.ThedesignofthesustainabledevelopmentSustainabledevelopmentprinciple,itistheecologypointofview,tothecitysystemanalysis,andwiththeminimumtheminimalresourceconsumptiontosatisfytherequirementsofthehuman,andmaintaintheharmonyofhumana

39、ndthenaturalenvironment,guaranteethecityseveralcompositionsystem-toprotectnaturalevolutionprocessofopenspacesystemandtheurbandevelopmentsystembalance.Peoplearetolandscape'understandingofthecontemporarylandscapedesignandthefunctiontoreflect,havebeencompletelyoutofthetraditionalgardeningactivities

40、,theconceptoflandscapeartvalueunconsciouslyandecologicalvalue,thefunctionvalue,culturalvaluehappenedrelationship,landscapeartcategorythanbeforemorepointedtothehumaniscloselylinkedwiththevariousaspects,becomemoreprofoundandscience.Contemporarylandscapealsoactivelyusenewtechnologytoimprovetheecologica

41、lvalue.Suchastheuseofsolarenergyforsquaregarden,lightingandsoundboxequipmentsupplyelectricity;Thesurfacewater"cycle"designconcept,collectingrainwaterforirrigationandwaterscapeprovidesthemainresources;Usingtheprincipleoftheconstructionofthefootway,buoysthatenvironmentalprotectionlevelakissa

42、ndinteresting.Andbyusingwaterscenedrought,landscapewaterdoecology(ecologicalwetland),ecologicalXiGou"halfnaturalchange*landscapehumanizedwaterscapedesign,avoidthemanualwatersceneisthedifficultyofthelater-periodmanagement,butinthewatersincethenet,purifyingenvironmentandpromotebiodiversityplayahu

43、gerole.Therefore,toexperiencethelandscapewillsurelyiscontainedtonatureandthetradition,tohumancompatibility.Theurbanlandscapetheprinciplesofsustainabledevelopmentandimplementationdetails:theefficiencyoflanduseprincipleforlandtothesurvivalofhumansisoneofthemosteffectiveresources,especiallyinChina*slar

44、gepopulation,landresourcesareextremelydeficient,urbanizationrapidlyincreasebackground,thereasonableefficientuseofland,isthatweshouldconsideranimportantissue.Forthecitylandscapeisconcerned,howtoproductiveuseoftheland?Three-dimensionalisefficientlanduseisthemosteffectivemeans.Theurbanlandscape“three-d

45、imensionaltotake”ideascontainsthefollowingsixaspectsofmeaning.(1)inthelimitedonland,asmuchaspossibletoprovideactivityplaces,formthethree-dimensionalmulti-layeractivitiesplatformlandscapeenvironment.(2)improveafforestationlanduseefficiency,inthesameland,adoptappropriatetonicheby,shrubsandtreesofco-ex

46、istenceandco-prosperitybetweenthree-dimensionalplantinglayout.(3)tosolvethegoodman,forthecontradictioningreen,thegreenspaceandhumanactivityspacelayoutoftheinterchanges.(4)theupanddownorso,allsidesthree-dimensionalviewobservation,increasedthelandscapeenvironmentthevisualimageofthevisualrate.(5)fromth

47、estaticlandscapetodynamiclandscape.6notonlyfromthetraditionaltechnologyofmoderntechnologytointroducemore(suchascrossingbridge,lightrail,electricraiLetc),showacolorfulthree-dimensionalspace.energyefficiencyprinciplealongwiththerapiddevelopmentofurbanization.Chinasenergydemandismoreandmorebig,theenerg

48、ygapalsomoreandmorebig.Inrecentyears,Chinasmajorcitieshaveputforwardthe"light”project,thepublicarealightingconsumptioninthegreatpower.Forenergyefficiencyintheunderstanding,firstfromtheconsiderationontheenergysavingshouldbenotonly,andshouldstandinthehigheroftheenvironmentalprotectionhightoknow,m

49、eaningthatmoreextensive,andmorefar-reaching,(formorethan70%ofgeneratingcapacityinChinaatpresentstillbycoal,existforSO2,CO2andnitricoxideandotherharmfulgasemissionsandcoaldustemissionsandaseriesofenvironmentalproblems)plantwithanecologicalprinciplecitysystem,thegreenspacesystemisperfectornotofthecity

50、'senvironmentalqualityplaysavitalrole.Perfectgreenspacesystem,toimprovethecitymicroclimateplaysanimportantrole,itcanrisetoimprovesmallregionaltemperature,airhumidity,windbreakandsand-fixation,purifyair,provideoxygenandsoonaseriesofecologicalchangetheroleofenvironmentalfactors.Urbangreenspacesyst

51、emasacityhumanimportantactivitiesoftheexternalspace,planninganddesignshouldnotonlyfromtheplantitselfonsystem,shouldthebroaderperspective,consideringapersontonaturetobecloseto,relyontherequirements,ontheonehand,satisfyingthepeoplesphysicalneeds,suchastherighttemperature,humidity,cleanairandsoonneed,o

52、ntheotherhandtomeetpeopleofthenatureoftheattachmentpsychologicalneed.Onetheonehand,tomeetthecityfunctionrequirements,ontheotherhand,willplaynaturalsystemspotentialextremely.Atpresent,thecityofplantswithexistingintheimplantthefollowingproblems:puttoomuchemphasisongreentechnologyandengineeringtechnolo

53、gyofgardening,lovingfastforJane,formedonlysimpleso-called"Joe,flooding,grass11structure,ecologicalprocessisignored,fiercecompetitionamongplants,normalgrowthformwassuppressed,thediversityofthecommunityandstabilitysuffocatesuffocate,plantdiseasesandinsectpestsrampant,maintenancecostishigh,thewast

54、eofhuman,materialandfinancialresources.Sointheurbandesignofplantswithplantshouldachievewhatkindofeffect?Itshouldbeasatisfyingthepeoplespsychologicalandphysiologicalactivities,meetthenaturalplantoftheself-improvementcirculationsystem,andmeetthemicrobe,plants,birds,andallkindsofclosetohumanbeings,anim

55、alsoftheecologicalsystem,andmeetthesoilandwaterprotection,airpurification,waterpurificationupmaximumadjustmentfunctionofthesystem.Toprovidemoreofaharmoniousandorderlybiologicalandstablehabitatsandmorelivingspace,establishmentcompoundlevelandbeautifulseasonofcolorinplantcommunity,citylandscapehasoffe

56、redonlylow-grademanualadministration,thelandscaperesourcessustainablemaintainanddevelop,thatisthegoalofourpursuit.Undertheguidanceoftheprinciple,citywithplantshouldconsiderthefollowingplantsdetailedrules.(1)eachcitygreenplantswithplanttoandurbangreenspacesystemmatch,andcityandthesurroundinglandscape

57、plantformthewholedynamicstabilityofthegreenecologicalsystem.(2)thezonalsimulationofthecommunitystructurecharacteristics,abideby“niche“principleandtoestablishasuitableafterlayercommunitystructure,usedifferentspeciesdifferentiationofniche,thecorrosionresistanceofindividualsize,theshadowofleaftype,root

58、depth,nutrientrequirementandcontentofhouaspectsofthedifferenceintheplant,avoidthekindofdirectcompetitionbetween,formmutualisttotreesskeletonsJoe,flooding,grasscompositecommunitystructureandfunctionoftheunificationofbenignecologicalsystem.(3)theintroductionofnewvarietiesintheprocess,mustchooseandloca

59、lclimate,soiladaptationofthespecies,forstabilityofthesystemisprovided.Inplantsandlocalizationofreciprocityandraw,underthepremiseofformingabiologicaldiversity.(4)fromplantsonthesystemitselfnotonlyshouldalsobeconsidered,theanimalscanbeclosetohumansurvivalandreproduction,suchasbirds.(5)withplantsintheplant,tomeetotherelementssuchashumannaturetotheneedsofthesunshine,theair,etc.6plantsinmeetits"niche”principle,andonthebasisofthelandscape,theplantshouldaestheticfeeling,meaning,rhythm,etctotheecologicalscience,toconsidertheheightofaesthetics,harmonious,andurbanlandscapeandform,combinesaesth