单片机实训,点阵,矩阵键盘,电子时钟,LED灯

1、 微型计算机及控制技术实训 班级： 1220331 姓名： 李帅 学号： 44 实验一：LED流水灯设计1、 设计目的1. 通过此次涉及、熟悉并掌握实验系统原理和方法2. 掌握流水灯原理和使用方法2、 设计过程（1） 设计内容1. 了解LED发光二极管的顺序灭2. 了解LED的使用原理和引脚接法3. 掌握实用Keil环境编程4. 掌握下载Keil编译好的称序列AT89C51单片机中（2） 实验步骤1. 掌握AT89C51单片机与外设LED的引脚接法和使用原理2. 使用Keil编译环境，编写LED发光二极管顺序灭的程序3. 在Keil编译好的程序下载到AT89c51单片机中，实现LED发光二极管

2、顺序灭（3） 电路及程序设计1. 电路设计2. 编程如下org 0sjmp startorg 30hstart:mov P1,#1;P1.0为1，不亮mov P1,#2;P1.1为1，不亮mov P1,#4;以下原理同上mov P1,#8mov P1,#10hmov P1,#20hmov P1,#40hmov P1,#80hsjmp startdelay:nopnopnopnopretend（4） 设计结果如上图：D7亮了。如上图：D3亮了。实验二8*8点阵的设计一、实验目的：1. 了解点阵式LED显示原理。2.掌握单片机与8×8点阵块之间接口电路设计及编程。3.掌握8155工作原理

3、及与单片机的接口电路设计。二、实验要求：利用8×8点阵显示屏，自己设计并调试电路板，实现在单片机的控制下，点阵显示屏显示数字。3、 实验步骤： 1、实验电路图 2、编码程序： #include<reg52.h>#include <intrins.h> #define uchar unsigned char#define uint unsigned intuchar i=0,n,k;uchar code Table8=0x00,0x00,0x3C,0x42,0x42,0x3C,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x22,0x7E,0x02,0x0

4、0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x22,0x46,0x4A,0x32,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x22,0x49,0x49,0x36,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x18,0x28,0x7E,0x08,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7A,0x29,0x29,0x2E,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3E,0x49,0x49,0x26,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x40,0x4F,0x50,0x60,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x36,0x49,0x49,0x36,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x3

5、2,0x49,0x49,0x3E,0x00,0x00,0x91,0x52,0x00,0xA4,0xF5,0xBF,0xF4,0xA4, 0x11,0x13,0x55,0x51,0x55,0x12,0x11,0x00, ;uchar code Tab=0xfe,0xfd,0xfb,0xf7,0xef,0xdf,0xbf,0x7f; void delay(uint i); void main()TMOD=0x00;TH0=(8192-3000)/32;TL0=(8192-3000)%32;TR0=1;EA=1;ET0=1;while(1)n=4; void T0_ISP(void) interru

6、pt 1 TH0=(8192-3000)/32; TL0=(8192-3000)%32;P3 =Tabk+;if(k=8)k=0;P0 = Tableni; if(+i = 8) i = 0;void delay(uint i)while(i-); 3、实验结果：实验三：矩阵键盘的设计一、实验目的：1、掌握键盘接口的基本特点，了解独立键盘和矩阵键盘的应用方法。2、掌握键盘接口的硬件设计方法，软件程序设计和贴士排错能力。3、复习利用Keil51软件对程序进行编译。4、用Proteus软件绘制“矩阵键盘扫描”电路，并用测试程序进行仿真。 二、实验要求  通过实训，学生应达到以下几方面的要

7、求： （1）素质要求 1.以积极认真的态度对待本次实训，遵章守纪、团结协作。 2.善于发现数字电路中存在的问题、分析问题、解决问题，努力培养独立工作能力。   （2）能力要求 1.模拟电路的理论知识 2.脉冲与数字电路的理念知识 3.通过模拟、数字电路实验有一定的动手能力 4.能熟练的编写8951单片机汇编程序 5.能够熟练的运用仿真软件进行仿真三、实训基本步骤      1、用Proteus绘制“矩阵键盘扫描”电路原理图。 2、编写程序使数码管显示当前闭

8、合按键的键值。（代码）#include<reg51.h>#define uchar unsigned char#define uint unsigned int ucharcodedis= 0xc0,0xf9,0xa4,0xb0,0x99,0x92,0x82,0xf8,0x80,0x90,0X88,0X83,0XC6,0XA1,0X86,0X8E;uchar code tab=0x77,0xb7,0xd7,0xe7,0x7b,0xbb,0xdb,0xeb,0x7d,0xbd,0xdd,0xed,0x7e,0xbe,0xde,0xee;void delay(uint x) uchar

9、i;while(x-)for(i=0;i<120;i+); uchar scan() uchar a,b,c,i;P2=0XF0; delay(10);P2=0X0F; for(i=0;i<16;i+)if(c=tabi)return i; void main()ucharkey;while(1)key=scan();if(key!=-1) P0=diskey;delay(100); 3、 利用Proteus软件的仿真功能对其进行仿真测试，观察数码管的显示状态和按键开关的对应关系。（实验结束）如上图：当K7被按下时，数码管上显示出数字7了。实验四：电子时钟设计一、设计目的通过此次设

10、计，熟悉并掌握实验系统的原理和方法。掌握电子时钟的原理和使用方法。二、设计要求1、设计一个电子时钟，并且能够实现分秒实现的和调节。2、设计出硬件电路、3、设计出软件编程方法，并写出程序。4、用汇编语言实现程序设计5、利用查表，中断等方式实现目的三、电路程序设计1、电路设计2、 编码程序#include <REG51.H>#include <intrins.h>/#include "LCD1602.h"/#include "DS1302.h"#define uint unsigned int#define uchar unsigne

11、d charsbit DS1302_CLK = P17; /实时时钟时钟线引脚 sbit DS1302_IO = P16; /实时时钟数据线引脚 sbit DS1302_RST = P15; /实时时钟复位线引脚sbit ACC0 = ACC0;sbit ACC7 = ACC7;char hide_sec,hide_min,hide_hour,hide_day,hide_week,hide_month,hide_year; /秒,分,时到日,月,年位闪的计数sbit Set = P20; /模式切换键sbit Up = P21; /加法按钮sbit Down = P22; /减法按钮sbit

12、out = P23; /立刻跳出调整模式按钮char done,count,temp,flag,up_flag,down_flag;uchar TempBuffer5,week_value2;void show_time(); /液晶显示程序/*1602液晶显示部分子程序*/Port Definitions*sbit LcdRs= P25;sbit LcdRw= P26;sbit LcdEn = P27;sfr DBPort = 0x80;/P0=0x80,P1=0x90,P2=0xA0,P3=0xB0.数据端口/内部等待函数*unsigned char LCD_Wait(void)LcdRs

13、=0;LcdRw=1;_nop_();LcdEn=1;_nop_();LcdEn=0;return DBPort;/向LCD写入命令或数据*#define LCD_COMMAND0 / Command#define LCD_DATA1 / Data#define LCD_CLEAR_SCREEN0x01 / 清屏#define LCD_HOMING 0x02 / 光标返回原点void LCD_Write(bit style, unsigned char input)LcdEn=0;LcdRs=style;LcdRw=0;_nop_();DBPort=input;_nop_();/注意顺序Lcd

14、En=1;_nop_();/注意顺序LcdEn=0;_nop_();LCD_Wait();/设置显示模式*#define LCD_SHOW0x04 /显示开#define LCD_HIDE0x00 /显示关 #define LCD_CURSOR0x02 /显示光标#define LCD_NO_CURSOR0x00 /无光标 #define LCD_FLASH0x01 /光标闪动#define LCD_NO_FLASH0x00 /光标不闪动void LCD_SetDisplay(unsigned char DisplayMode)LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND, 0x08|Displ

15、ayMode);/设置输入模式*#define LCD_AC_UP0x02#define LCD_AC_DOWN0x00 / default#define LCD_MOVE0x01 / 画面可平移#define LCD_NO_MOVE0x00 /defaultvoid LCD_SetInput(unsigned char InputMode)LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND, 0x04|InputMode);/初始化LCD*void LCD_Initial()LcdEn=0;LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND,0x38); /8位数据端口,2行显示,5*7点阵LCD_Writ

16、e(LCD_COMMAND,0x38);LCD_SetDisplay(LCD_SHOW|LCD_NO_CURSOR); /开启显示, 无光标LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND,LCD_CLEAR_SCREEN); /清屏LCD_SetInput(LCD_AC_UP|LCD_NO_MOVE); /AC递增, 画面不动/液晶字符输入的位置*void GotoXY(unsigned char x, unsigned char y)if(y=0)LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND,0x80|x);if(y=1)LCD_Write(LCD_COMMAND,0x80|(x-0x40);/将

17、字符输出到液晶显示void Print(unsigned char *str)while(*str!='0')LCD_Write(LCD_DATA,*str);str+;/*DS1302时钟部分子程序*/typedef struct _SYSTEMTIME_unsigned char Second;unsigned char Minute;unsigned char Hour;unsigned char Week;unsigned char Day;unsigned char Month;unsigned char Year;unsigned char DateString11

18、;unsigned char TimeString9;SYSTEMTIME;/定义的时间类型SYSTEMTIME CurrentTime;#define AM(X)X#define PM(X)(X+12) / 转成24小时制#define DS1302_SECOND0x80 /时钟芯片的寄存器位置,存放时间#define DS1302_MINUTE0x82#define DS1302_HOUR0x84 #define DS1302_WEEK0x8A#define DS1302_DAY0x86#define DS1302_MONTH0x88#define DS1302_YEAR0x8C void

19、 DS1302InputByte(unsigned char d) /实时时钟写入一字节(内部函数) unsigned char i;ACC = d; for(i=8; i>0; i-) DS1302_IO = ACC0; /相当于汇编中的 RRC DS1302_CLK = 1; DS1302_CLK = 0; ACC = ACC >> 1; unsigned char DS1302OutputByte(void) /实时时钟读取一字节(内部函数) unsigned char i; for(i=8; i>0; i-) ACC = ACC >>1; /相当于汇

20、编中的 RRC ACC7 = DS1302_IO; DS1302_CLK = 1;DS1302_CLK = 0; return(ACC); void Write1302(unsigned char ucAddr, unsigned char ucDa)/ucAddr: DS1302地址, ucData: 要写的数据 DS1302_RST = 0; DS1302_CLK = 0; DS1302_RST = 1; DS1302InputByte(ucAddr); / 地址，命令 DS1302InputByte(ucDa); / 写1Byte数据 DS1302_CLK = 1; DS1302_RST

21、 = 0; unsigned char Read1302(unsigned char ucAddr)/读取DS1302某地址的数据 unsigned char ucData; DS1302_RST = 0; DS1302_CLK = 0; DS1302_RST = 1; DS1302InputByte(ucAddr|0x01); / 地址，命令 ucData = DS1302OutputByte(); / 读1Byte数据 DS1302_CLK = 1; DS1302_RST = 0; return(ucData);void DS1302_GetTime(SYSTEMTIME *Time) /

22、获取时钟芯片的时钟数据到自定义的结构型数组unsigned char ReadValue;ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_SECOND);Time->Second = (ReadValue&0x70)>>4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F);ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_MINUTE);Time->Minute = (ReadValue&0x70)>>4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F);ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_HOUR)

23、;Time->Hour = (ReadValue&0x70)>>4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F);ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_DAY);Time->Day = (ReadValue&0x70)>>4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F);ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_WEEK);Time->Week = (ReadValue&0x70)>>4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F);ReadValue = Re

24、ad1302(DS1302_MONTH);Time->Month = (ReadValue&0x70)>>4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F);ReadValue = Read1302(DS1302_YEAR);Time->Year = (ReadValue&0x70)>>4)*10 + (ReadValue&0x0F);void DateToStr(SYSTEMTIME *Time) /将时间年,月,日,星期数据转换成液晶显示字符串,放到数组里DateString if(hide_year<2) /这里的i

25、f,else语句都是判断位闪烁,<2显示数据,>2就不显示,输出字符串为 2007/07/22 Time->DateString0 = '2' Time->DateString1 = '0' Time->DateString2 = Time->Year/10 + '0' Time->DateString3 = Time->Year%10 + '0' else Time->DateString0 = ' ' Time->DateString1 = '

26、 ' Time->DateString2 = ' ' Time->DateString3 = ' 'Time->DateString4 = '/'if(hide_month<2)Time->DateString5 = Time->Month/10 + '0' Time->DateString6 = Time->Month%10 + '0' else Time->DateString5 = ' ' Time->DateString6

27、= ' 'Time->DateString7 = '/'if(hide_day<2)Time->DateString8 = Time->Day/10 + '0' Time->DateString9 = Time->Day%10 + '0' elseTime->DateString8 = ' 'Time->DateString9 = ' ' if(hide_week<2) week_value0 = Time->Week%10 + '

28、0' /星期的数据另外放到 week_value数组里,跟年,月,日的分开存放,因为等一下要在最后显示 else week_value0 = ' ' week_value1 = '0'Time->DateString10 = '0' /字符串末尾加 '0' ,判断结束字符void TimeToStr(SYSTEMTIME *Time) /将时,分,秒数据转换成液晶显示字符放到数组 TimeString; if(hide_hour<2) Time->TimeString0 = Time->Hour/1

29、0 + '0' Time->TimeString1 = Time->Hour%10 + '0' else Time->TimeString0 = ' 'Time->TimeString1 = ' 'Time->TimeString2 = ':'if(hide_min<2) Time->TimeString3 = Time->Minute/10 + '0' Time->TimeString4 = Time->Minute%10 + '

30、0' else Time->TimeString3 = ' 'Time->TimeString4 = ' ' Time->TimeString5 = ':' if(hide_sec<2) Time->TimeString6 = Time->Second/10 + '0' Time->TimeString7 = Time->Second%10 + '0' elseTime->TimeString6 = ' 'Time->TimeStr

31、ing7 = ' ' Time->DateString8 = '0'void Initial_DS1302(void) /时钟芯片初始化 unsigned char Second=Read1302(DS1302_SECOND);if(Second&0x80) /判断时钟芯片是否关闭 Write1302(0x8e,0x00); /写入允许Write1302(0x8c,0x07); /以下写入初始化时间 日期:07/07/25.星期: 3. 时间: 23:59:55Write1302(0x88,0x07);Write1302(0x86,0x25);Wr

32、ite1302(0x8a,0x07);Write1302(0x84,0x23);Write1302(0x82,0x59);Write1302(0x80,0x55);Write1302(0x8e,0x80); /禁止写入void Delay1ms(unsigned int count)unsigned int i,j;for(i=0;i<count;i+)for(j=0;j<120;j+);/*延时子程序*/void mdelay(uint delay)uint i;for(;delay>0;delay-)for(i=0;i<62;i+) /1ms延时.;void out

33、key() /跳出调整模式,返回默认显示 uchar Second;if(out=0) mdelay(8); count=0;hide_sec=0,hide_min=0,hide_hour=0,hide_day=0,hide_week=0,hide_month=0,hide_year=0;Second=Read1302(DS1302_SECOND); Write1302(0x8e,0x00); /写入允许Write1302(0x80,Second&0x7f);Write1302(0x8E,0x80); /禁止写入done=0; while(out=0); /void Upkey()/升

34、序按键 Up=1;if(Up=0) mdelay(8);switch(count)case 1: temp=Read1302(DS1302_SECOND); /读取秒数 temp=temp+1; /秒数加1 up_flag=1; /数据调整后更新标志 if(temp&0x7f)>0x59) /超过59秒,清零 temp=0; break; case 2:temp=Read1302(DS1302_MINUTE); /读取分数 temp=temp+1; /分数加1up_flag=1;if(temp>0x59) /超过59分,清零temp=0;break;case 3: temp

35、=Read1302(DS1302_HOUR); /读取小时数temp=temp+1; /小时数加1up_flag=1;if(temp>0x23) /超过23小时,清零 temp=0; break; case 4: temp=Read1302(DS1302_WEEK); /读取星期数 temp=temp+1; /星期数加1 up_flag=1; if(temp>0x7) temp=1; break; case 5: temp=Read1302(DS1302_DAY); /读取日数 temp=temp+1; /日数加1 up_flag=1; if(temp>0x31) temp=

36、1; break; case 6: temp=Read1302(DS1302_MONTH); /读取月数 temp=temp+1; /月数加1 up_flag=1; if(temp>0x12) temp=1; break; case 7: temp=Read1302(DS1302_YEAR); /读取年数 temp=temp+1; /年数加1 up_flag=1; if(temp>0x85) temp=0; break; default:break;while(Up=0); /void Downkey()/降序按键 Down=1;if(Down=0) mdelay(8); swit

37、ch(count) case 1: temp=Read1302(DS1302_SECOND); /读取秒数 temp=temp-1; /秒数减1 down_flag=1; /数据调整后更新标志 if(temp=0x7f) /小于0秒,返回59秒 temp=0x59; break; case 2: temp=Read1302(DS1302_MINUTE); /读取分数 temp=temp-1; /分数减1 down_flag=1; if(temp=-1) temp=0x59; /小于0秒,返回59秒 break; case 3: temp=Read1302(DS1302_HOUR); /读取小时

38、数 temp=temp-1; /小时数减1 down_flag=1; if(temp=-1) temp=0x23; break; case 4: temp=Read1302(DS1302_WEEK); /读取星期数 temp=temp-1; /星期数减1 down_flag=1; if(temp=0) temp=0x7; break; case 5: temp=Read1302(DS1302_DAY); /读取日数 temp=temp-1; /日数减1 down_flag=1; if(temp=0) temp=31; break; case 6: temp=Read1302(DS1302_MO

39、NTH); /读取月数 temp=temp-1; /月数减1 down_flag=1; if(temp=0) temp=12; break; case 7: temp=Read1302(DS1302_YEAR); /读取年数 temp=temp-1; /年数减1 down_flag=1; if(temp=-1) temp=0x85; break; default:break;while(Down=0); void Setkey()/模式选择按键Set=1;if(Set=0) mdelay(8); count=count+1; /Setkey按一次,count就加1 done=1; /进入调整模

40、式 while(Set=0); void keydone()/按键功能执行 uchar Second; if(flag=0) /关闭时钟,停止计时 Write1302(0x8e,0x00); /写入允许 temp=Read1302(0x80); Write1302(0x80,temp|0x80); Write1302(0x8e,0x80); /禁止写入 flag=1; Setkey(); /扫描模式切换按键 switch(count) case 1:do /count=1,调整秒 outkey(); /扫描跳出按钮 Upkey(); /扫描加按钮 Downkey(); /扫描减按钮 if(up

41、_flag=1|down_flag=1) /数据更新，重新写入新的数据 Write1302(0x8e,0x00); /写入允许 Write1302(0x80,temp|0x80); /写入新的秒数 Write1302(0x8e,0x80); /禁止写入 up_flag=0; down_flag=0; hide_sec+; /位闪计数 if(hide_sec>3) hide_sec=0; show_time(); /液晶显示数据 while(count=2);break; case 2:do /count=2,调整分 hide_sec=0; outkey(); Upkey(); Downk

42、ey(); if(temp>0x60) temp=0; if(up_flag=1|down_flag=1) Write1302(0x8e,0x00); /写入允许 Write1302(0x82,temp); /写入新的分数 Write1302(0x8e,0x80); /禁止写入 up_flag=0; down_flag=0; hide_min+; if(hide_min>3) hide_min=0; show_time(); while(count=3);break; case 3:do /count=3,调整小时 hide_min=0; outkey(); Upkey(); Do

43、wnkey(); if(up_flag=1|down_flag=1) Write1302(0x8e,0x00); /写入允许 Write1302(0x84,temp); /写入新的小时数 Write1302(0x8e,0x80); /禁止写入 up_flag=0; down_flag=0; hide_hour+; if(hide_hour>3) hide_hour=0; show_time(); while(count=4);break; case 4:do /count=4,调整星期 hide_hour=0; outkey(); Upkey(); Downkey(); if(up_flag=1|down_flag=1) Write1302(0x8e,0x00); /写入允许 Write1302(0x8a,temp); /写入新的星期数 Write1302(0x8e,0x80); /禁止写入 up_flag=0; down_flag=0; hide_week+; if(hide_week>3) hide_week=0; show_time(); while(count=5);break; case 5:do /count=5,调整日 hide_week=0; outkey(); Upkey(); Downkey(); if(up_flag=