选修7--unit5语法--定语从句

1、Revision ofNon-restrictive Attributive ClausesUnit 5 Grammar1. 定语从句：定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从修饰某一名词或代词的从 句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在 它所修饰的先行词之后。它所修饰的先行词之后。2. 先行词：先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3. 关系词：关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 RevisionRevision 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词有关系代词有that, which, who

2、, whom, whose, as；关系副词有；关系副词有when, where, why。 关系词通常有下列三个作用：关系词通常有下列三个作用： A. 引导定语从句引导定语从句 B. 代替先行词代替先行词 C. 在定语从句中担当一个成分在定语从句中担当一个成分 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句(restrictive)非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句( non-restrictive）定语定语从句从句The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. 老师告诉老师告诉我说汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。我说

3、汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。 His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。 限制性定语从句限制性定语从句:所谓限制性定语从句就是先行词在意义所谓限制性定语从句就是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语上不可缺少的定语, 如果去掉如果去掉, 主句就失主句就失去意义或意义不完整。这种从句和先行去意义或意义不完整。这种从句和先行词的关系十分密切词的关系十分密切, 写时不用逗号和主写时不用逗号和主句分开。句分开。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

4、:I was the only person in my office who wasinvited.我是我们办公室唯一被邀请的人。我是我们办公室唯一被邀请的人。 (如果把从句部分去掉如果把从句部分去掉, 整个句子的含义就整个句子的含义就变了。变了。)非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句和主句的关系并不十非限制性定语从句和主句的关系并不十分密切分密切, 只是对先行词做些附加说明只是对先行词做些附加说明, 如如果去掉果去掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。在讲话句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。在讲话时须停顿，一般不用时须停顿，一般不用t

5、hat引导。引导。1. His dog, which was now very old, became ill and died. 他的狗当时很老了他的狗当时很老了, 生病后就死了。生病后就死了。 (去掉从句去掉从句, 主句的意义仍然完整主句的意义仍然完整: 他的他的 狗生病死了。狗生病死了。) 2. Yesterday I met Li Lei, who seemed to be very busy. 昨天我碰上李雷了昨天我碰上李雷了,他好象很忙。他好象很忙。 (去掉从句去掉从句, 意义仍然完整意义仍然完整: 昨天我碰上昨天我碰上 李雷了。李雷了。)限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 非限制性定语

6、从句非限制性定语从句 形形式式上上 不用逗号不用逗号“ ，”与主句隔开与主句隔开用逗号用逗号“ ，”与主与主句隔开句隔开 意意义义上上 是先行词不可缺是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删少的定语，如删除，主句则失去除，主句则失去意义或意思表达意义或意思表达不完整不完整 只是对先行词的补只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整主句仍能表达完整的意思。的意思。 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别限制性定语从限制性定语从句句 非限制性定语非限制性定语从句从句 译法上译

7、法上 译成先行词的译成先行词的定语：定语：“的的 ” 通常译成主句通常译成主句的并列句的并列句 关系词关系词的使用的使用上上 1. 作宾语时可作宾语时可省略省略1. 不可省略不可省略 2. 可用可用that 2. 不用不用that 3. 可用可用who 代代替替whom 3. 不可用不可用who 代替代替whom A. This is the place where I lived ten years ago. B. She is going to spend the winter holiday in Macao, which returned to China in 1999.2. A.

8、He is a man who I can ask for help. B. His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果去掉从句，意义仍然完整。去掉从句，意义仍然完整。All the magazines here which have beautiful pictures in them were written b

9、y him.里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。All the magazines here, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.所有的杂志都是他写的所有的杂志都是他写的, 里面都有漂亮的图里面都有漂亮的图画。画。有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思。性从句会改变全句的意思。（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）（杂志只有一种）（杂志只有一种）His father, who works in Beijing, c

10、ame back yesterday.当先行词是地名人名、世界上独一当先行词是地名人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句。常只用非限制性定语从句。Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing rapidly.在在of which/whom之前可以使用表达之前可以使用表达数量或定位的数词或代词。数量或定位的数词或代词。1. I am doing different types of exercises, all of which are quite helpful to my healt

11、h.2. Many people, some of whomare not overweight, are going on diets.3. There are 54 students in my class, three of whom come from the US.The town where I live is beautiful.Kenli, where I live, is beautiful.Teachers who are kind are popular withthe students.Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the

12、students.Please compare:Please compare:Teachers who are kind are popular with the students.Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果分析两种定语从句省略后的结果The town where I live is beautiful.Kenli, where I live, is beautiful.限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略。确，所以不能省略。非限制性定语从句和

13、单句的比较非限制性定语从句和单句的比较1. He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.2. He failed in the exam, _made his parents angry.3. He has two sons. Both of _ are teachers. 4. He has two sons, both of _ are teachers.Thiswhichwhomthem that一、一、 非限制性定语从句通常不能用非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引引 导。导。1. I like the book, which was

14、bought yesterday. 我喜欢这本书，这是昨天买的。我喜欢这本书，这是昨天买的。 2. I like the book which / that was bought yesterday. 我喜欢昨天买的那本书。我喜欢昨天买的那本书。 非限制性定语从句应注意以下几点：非限制性定语从句应注意以下几点：二、二、 非限制性定语从句不能用非限制性定语从句不能用why引导引导 要用要用for which代替代替why。1. I had told them the reason, for which I didnt attend the meeting. 我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有我已

15、经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有 去开会。去开会。 2. I had told them the reason why I didnt attend the meeting. 我告诉了他们我不去开会的理由。我告诉了他们我不去开会的理由。 (限制性定语从句限制性定语从句“the reason why.”是是常见搭配。常见搭配。) 三、三、 非限制性定语从句置于句首时，不能非限制性定语从句置于句首时，不能用用which引导。关系代词引导。关系代词as引导非限制性引导非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活，可以放主句前，定语从句位置比较灵活，可以放主句前，也可以放主句后。也可以放主句后。1. As I expe

16、cted, he didnt believe me. 正如我所预料的，他不相信我。正如我所预料的，他不相信我。 2. She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth. 她听到一个可怕的声音，这让她把心她听到一个可怕的声音，这让她把心 都提到嗓子眼了。都提到嗓子眼了。 四、四、 非限制性定语从句由非限制性定语从句由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导时，其中的关系代词不能用引导时，其中的关系代词不能用as。1. He bought the car for more than $20,000, with which

17、 his father was angry. 他花两万多美元买了这辆车，他父亲对他花两万多美元买了这辆车，他父亲对 此很生气。此很生气。 2. I finished my work ahead of time, after which I sat some time reading the newspaper. 我提前干完了我的活，随后我坐着看了我提前干完了我的活，随后我坐着看了 会儿报纸。会儿报纸。 五、五、 在非限制性定语从句中，指人的关系在非限制性定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用宾格代词作宾语时，只能用宾格whom; 不能不能用用who替换，也不能省略。替换，也不能省略。1.

18、Do you know Tom, whom we talked about? 你认识汤姆吗你认识汤姆吗? 我们谈到过他。我们谈到过他。 2. This book, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you all the information you need. 这本书会给你提供所有你需要的资料，这本书会给你提供所有你需要的资料，它在任何一家书店都能买到。它在任何一家书店都能买到。 (非限制性定语从句中引导词在从句中作非限制性定语从句中引导词在从句中作宾语，无论指人还是指物都不能省略。宾语，无论指人还是指物都不能省略。) 六、六、Whi

19、ch可指前面整个句子。可指前面整个句子。The sun sends out light and heat, whichmakes it possible for living things to existon the earth.太阳发出光和热，这使得生物能够在地球太阳发出光和热，这使得生物能够在地球上生存。上生存。His father is an engineer, _ makes him very proud. A. for what B. which C. that D. what1. Yesterday Mr. Li finally bought his own house, _ i

20、s a hospital. A. in where B. to the east of which C. to the east of it D. in the east of that 2. My brothers purse, _ he put ￥1,000, was missing on the bus. A. there B. which C. in which D. that 课堂练兵课堂练兵3. His glasses, _ he could see nothing, was taken away by a naughty boy. A. which B. without whic

21、h C. with which D. without those 4. The computer, _ he paid ￥3,000, was once owned by his uncle. A. which B. for which C. that D. to that 5. In the past we lost many chances, _ we paid little attention. A. which B. that C. in which D. to which 6. The pen, _ I had been writing for ten years, was brok

22、en. A. with which B. with that C. as D. with it 7. Mary has two brothers, _ are doctors. A. both of they B. both of whom C. both of them D. whom of both8. On the way home I met my friend John, from _ home the thief had stolen a computer. A. whom B. which C. that D. whose9. Paul, _ everyone suspected

23、, turned out to be innocent. A. that B. when C. which D. whom10. When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. what B. as C. that D. who11. She showed her teacher a reason, _ she was late for school the day before yesterday. A. that B. which C. for wh

24、ich D. why12. The 10:00 train, _ is usually very punctual, was late this morning. A. as B. when C. that D. which1. I walked in our garden, _ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. (2005 辽宁卷辽宁卷) A. which B. when C. where D. that 2. The Beatles, _ many of you are old enough to rememb

25、er, came from Liverpool. (2006 天津天津卷卷) A. what B. that C. how D. as3. She was educated at Beijing University, _ she went on to have her advanced study abroad. (2006 陕西陕西卷卷) A. after which B. from which C. from that D. after that4. Last week, only two people came to look at the house，_ wanted to buy it. (2007 安徽安徽卷卷) A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom5. It is reported that two schools, _ are being built in my hometown, will open next year. (2007 四川四川卷卷) A. they both B. which both C. both of them D. both of which 6. The