新人教版八年级英语上1—10单元知识点复习(12页)

1、八年级上册1-10单元知识点归类总结Unit1 Where did you go on vacation? （谈论假期生活，一般过去时）一、习惯用法、搭配1. buy sth. for sb. 或 buy sb. sth 为某人买某物 2. taste + adj. 尝起来3. nothing .but + V.(原形) 除了之外什么都没有4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来 5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to

2、do sth. 尽力做某事8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 9. want to do sth. 想去做某事10. start doing sth. 开始做某事 11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事12. look + adj 看起来 13. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事14. Why not do sth. 为什么不做.呢？ 15. so + adj + that + 从句 如此以至于16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要） 做某事 17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事18. forget

3、 to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事19.  What a/an + adj.+ n(单)+主+谓！或 What + adj. +n（复不）+主+谓！     How+ adj. +主+谓（联系动词）！或  How + adv+主+谓（实义动词）！二、知识点讲解1. something interesting有趣的东西 1）something，anything，nothing，everything是指物的不定代词。somebody，someone，anybody，anyone，nob

4、ody，everybody，everyone是指人的不定代词。somewhere，anywhere，nowhere，everywhere是指地点的不定代词。2）当形容词修饰不定代词、不定副词时，放于这些词的后面； something special; somewhere wonderful.3）不定代词、不定副词做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如： Is everybody here? 大家都到齐了吗？ 4）something，somebody，someone，somewhere用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问句中，而anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere用于否定句

5、、疑问句及条件状语从句中。如：Did you do anything interesting? 你做了有趣的事吗？（表疑问）2.提建议的句子： What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping? Why dont you + do sth.? 如：Why dont you go shopping? Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping? Lets + do sth. 如： Lets go shopping Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/

6、I go shopping?3. 辨析： get to/reach/arrive 都是“到达“的意思get to+地点=reach+地点= arrive at+地点（小）=arrive in+地点（大）注意：若他们后面要加地点副词here, there, home等，则不需要加介词。4.nothing.but.意为“除.之外； 只有”，后接动词原形。如：I have nothing to do but watch TV all day long. 我整天除了看电视什么也没干。 5. feel like 意为：“感受到；摸起来”，后跟宾语从句或名词、动名词。如：I felt like I was

7、 a bird. 我感觉我是一只鸟。 It feels like a stone. 它摸起来像一块石头。 feel like doing sth.意为“想做某事”。如：I feel like eating.我想吃东西。6. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做;乐意做 enjoy oneself 过得愉快 =have fun/have a good time.7.Still no one seemed to be bored. 仍然没有人感到烦闷。1）seem意为“好像；似乎；看来”，是个连系动词，构成的短语有： seem to do sth. 好像做某事 如： They seem to

8、 talk in class. 他们似乎上课说话。 seem（to be）+adj. 似乎. 如：He seemed ( to be) ill yesterday. 昨天他似乎病了。 It seems that + 从句 似乎. 如： It seems that he was ill yesterday. 昨天他似乎病了。其他表示状态的系动词有：feel(觉得）; keep（保持）;stay（保持）;look（看来像.）;smell（闻起来）sound（听起来）taste（尝起来）-后面接形容词2）bored 作形容词，意为“烦闷的；厌倦的”其主语是某人； 而boring 也是形容词，其主语是

9、某物。 bored (adj)，意为“感到厌倦的、无聊的”,其主语是某人；（人ed物ing） boring(adj)，意为“令人厌倦的、无聊的”其主语是某物。 如：I got bored with the boring work. 我对这无聊的工作感到厌倦。相类似的词语还有： interested adj. 感兴趣的 nteresting adj. 有趣的 tired 累的 tiring 令人疲惫的surprised adj. 感到惊奇的 surprising adj. 惊奇的 amazed 惊讶的 amazing 令人惊讶的excited 兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋/激动的8. de

10、cide（v）决定 decide to (not) do sth. = make a decision (not) to do sth. decision(n) decide on doing sth. 决定做某事如：Li Lei has decided to go to Beijing . 李雷已经决定去北京。9. Because of the bad weather, we couldnt see anything below. 1） because of + 名词/代词/名短 I had to move because of my job. 因为工作的原因 because +从句 如：I

11、 do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。10.enough 足够的（名前形后）如：I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。 She is not old enough to go to school. 她年龄不够，不能去上学。11.a few 与 a little 的区别，few 与 little 的区别 a few 一些 修饰可数名词 a little 一些 修饰不可数名词 两者都表肯定意义 如：He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。 There is a little sugar

12、 in the bottle. few 少数的 修饰可数名词 little 少数的修饰不可数名词 但两者都表否定意义 如：He has few friends. 他没有几个朋友。 There is little sugar in the bottle.Unit2 How often do you exercise? （谈论生活习惯，一般现在时）一、习惯用法、搭配1. help sb. with sth 帮助某人做某事 2. How about? =What about? .怎么样？/ .好不好？3. want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事 4. Its + adj.+ to d

13、o sth. 做某事是.的5. spend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时光 6. ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事7. by doing sth. 通过做某事 8 start doing sth. 开始做某事 9. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式三、知识点讲解1 go shopping 意为“去购物”。Go+ v- ing : 表示进行某项活动。如：Go swimming/ shopping/skating/skiing/fishing/climbing/hiking 2.频率副词：表示次数、频率的副词称为频度副词。一般在实

14、义动词之前，be 动词、助动词或情态动词之后 常用的频度副词按高低依次为 always > usually > sometimes > seldom > hadly ever > never 100% 80% 60% 30% 10% 0% 辨析 (1).sometimes: 有时候；sometime：某时；some times：许多次/倍; some time: 一段时间hard(2). hardly(adv): 几乎不 硬的；困难的；严厉的；勤奋的 a hard writer 努力地； 猛烈地 study/rain hard 3.how often表示“多久一次

15、”，是对动作的频率进行提问。其回答通常有： 频率副词： always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, neverhow often 次数时间段: 如：once or twice a weekevery 时间段: every day (每天) 区别：everyday（每天的；日常的）注意：表示“一次或两次”时，一般用once和twice表示。如：once a month(一个月一次)而表示“三次或以上”时，则用“数词times”结构。如：five times a year (一年五次)full4 . “满的；饱的” be full of : Th

16、e bottle is full of water. 瓶子里装满了水。 “忙的”=busy He had a full life 5She says its good for my health. 她说那对我的健康有益。（1）be good for：“对有好处”。 如：Doing exercise is good for our health.（2）be good at：“擅长于” 如：He is good at playing football.(3) be good to sb./sth: “对好” 如：The old woman is good to us. (4) be good to

17、 do sth.: “适合；宜于” 如：The water is good to drink. (5) be good with: “与相处好” 如： The teacher is good with his students.6go online = use the Internet ：上网 7. more than two hours=over two hours:超过 8. keep healthy = stay healthy = keep in good health: 保持健康9. ask sb. to do : 叫做某事 Teacher asked me to clean the

18、 classroom. ask sb. not to do sth.: 叫不要做某事 Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom. ask sb. about sth. : 问某人某事 We asked our students about their free time activities. ask sb. for sth. : 向某人要求 如：ask teacher for help 10. help sb. with sth. 如：They help me with this problem. 他们帮助你解决这个问题。 help sb.（to

19、）do. 如：They help you (to) solve this problem. 他们帮助你解决这个问题。11. (n) 惊讶: to ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是 in surprise 惊讶地 surprise be surprised at sth. 对 感到意外 (v) 使惊奇、意外： be surprised to do sth. 惊讶做某事 be surprised that + 从句 如：I was surprised at the news = I was surprised to hear the news.12. although(conj):“尽管

20、；虽然”，表示转折关系，同义词有though, 不能与but同时使用。如： Although theyre neighbors, they dont play together. = Theyre neighbors, but they dont play together. 尽管他们是邻居，但是他们不在一起玩。13. maybe (adv): 也许，大概 (Maybe) he (maybe) knows it. May + v(原)：也许，大概 He may know it.如：Maybe he is at home.= He maybe is at home.= He may be at

21、home. 14. You can spend time with your friends and family as you play together.spend 度过（时间） 如：spend the weekend with family 花费（时间、钱）spend timemoney （in） doing sth. 花费时间或金钱做某事 如：He spent 20 yuan (in) buying the magazine.（V-ing) 同义句：He spent 20 yuan on the magazine. He paid 20 yuan for the magazine. I

22、t took him 20 yuan to buy the magazine.（动词用不定式）15. find + 宾语 + 形容词， 发现： He found the room dirty.find +it +形容词+to do sth. I found it difficult to work out this math problem.Unit 3 Im more outgoing than my sister（谈论事物对比， 形容词比较级）一、习惯用法、搭配1. have fun doing sth. 享受做某事的乐趣 2. want to do sth. 想要做某事3. as + 形

23、容词或副词的原级 + as 与一样 4. be good at doing sth 擅长做某事5. make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事6. Its+ 形容词 + for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事是的语法：形容词和副词的比较级一、含义1. 大多数形容词和副词有三个等级： 原级、比较级、最高级: 如talltaller - tallest2. 比较级：表示两者(人或物)之间的比较。3. 加more/most 的情况：部分双音节和多音节词4. 双写的词：一个大热天，一个胖子和一个瘦子穿着红衣服，汗湿了，很伤心。 big hot fat thin red wet s

24、ad二比较级基本句型： 连系动词+ adj.（比） 如： Lucy is slower than Lily.1主语+谓语动词+adj./adv（比）+ than+ 对比成分实义动词+ adv./ （比） 如：Lucy runs more slowly than Lily.2. 主语必须与对比成分保持一致：Her hair is longer than yours.(your hair) 同级比较 3 as+adj./adv.(原级)+as : “如同一样” 否定： not as/so+adj./adv.(原级)+as : “不如一样”4比较级and比较级：越来越 e.g. They talke

25、d more and more loudly. 越来越美丽more and more beautiful越来越好better and better 越来越健康heavier and heavier5. The比较级,the比较级：越就越 The more exercise you do, the stronger youll be.6. “Which / Who is + 比较级， A or B？” e.g. Which T-shirt is nicer, this one or that one?7. the+比较级+of the（ two ） : 两者中较的一个 e.g.Of the tw

26、ins, she was the more hard-working .注意： 1. 原级常与very, as，so, too, quite，pretty, really等连用。 2. 比较级常与much, even, far, than, a little, a bit, a lot 等连用. 3. Than 后的比较状语结构: e.g. He runs faster than me/ I (do).二、知识点讲解1. look like : 看起来像（外貌） She is pretty tall. be like: 像（性格，外貌） He is outgoing/ serious. 使显现

27、；使表现出： The dress brings out the color of her skin. 2.bring out 生产；出版： The factory brings out a new kind of car. 激发出某人最好/最差的品质. bring out the best/worst in sb. 3both：两个都；用在实动之前，其它动词之后 You are both too young. They both speak English.Both of .+名词复数 如： Both of the flowers are beautiful. 两朵花都很漂亮。 bothand

28、两者都 反义词组：neithernor两者都不注意：all：都（三者或三者以上）; either:两者中任一个；every：每个（三者或三者以上） 4. She made me laugh and feel better. ( laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑某人) make/let /have sb. do sth.= get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事 make+宾语+形容词: 使某人/某事怎样 如： His words make us happy. 5. Its not easy for me to make friends. (make friends with s

29、b. 与.交朋友) Its+形容词+ for sb.+ to do sth.: 某人做某事怎么样. (It是形式主语，to do sth.是真正主语) 6. 辨析：win与beat win表示“赢得；获胜”，用作及物动词时，其宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争等。 E.g. We won the basketball game. beat表示“打赢；战胜”，用于比赛时，其宾语为所战胜的对手。Unit 4 Whats the best movie theater? （谈论事物比较，形容词最高级） 一、习惯用法、搭配1、Can I ask you some. 2、How do you like. 你认为

30、怎么样= What do you think of .3、Thanks for doing sth. 4、watch sb do sth 观看某人做某事5、play a role in doing sth.发挥做某事的作用 6、one of +可数名词复数 .之一语法：形容词和副词的最高级一、含义1. 大多数形容词和副词有三个等级： 原级、比较级、最高级: badly worse - worst2. 最高级：表示三者或三者以上(人或物)之间的比较。（最高级前勿忘the）二最高级基本句型结构 系动词+ the+adj.(最) of + 同类 ( of all/us.) 1. 主语 + 谓语动词

31、+ the + adj./adv.(最) + 实义动词+ (the)+ adv.(最） in + 范围 (in China.)如：Tara is the youngest of all. Linda draws (the) most carefully in her class. 注：1. 副词的最高级前可省略 “the”： 如：sit (the) most comfortably 坐得最舒适 2. 最高级前有其它的限定词时，不加“the”： my best friend 2. Which / Who +the + 最高级, A, B or C ? e.g. Which do you like

32、 (the) best, apples, pears or oranges? 3. one of +the +最高级（形）+名（复）： “最之一”。 e.g. Jack Chen is one of the most famous actors in the world. 4. the + 序数词+最高级（形）+名（单）：e.g. Hainan is the second largest island in China. 三原级、比较级、最高级的相互转换 1、原级与比较级的转换：比较级+than not.as/so.as.e.g. He speaks more loudly than me.

33、I dont speak as/so loudly as he/him. 2、比较级与最高级的转换： the other +名（复） （在范围之内） the+最高级 比较级+than+ any other+名（单） e.g. Jim is the tallest student in our class.Jim is taller than any other student in our class.Jim is taller than the other students in our class.二、知识点讲解1. Thats up to you to decide. 那由你决定。 be

34、 up to sb.( to decide.) 由某人决定 be up to (doing) sth. 胜任；适合 如：He isnt up to watching the flowers. 2. Whatup?= What wrong?= Whats the matter? 怎么哪？3.whats more: 另外；还有 ；再者 whats worse: 更糟糕的是4.thanks for (doing) sth. = thank sb. for (doing) sth. 感谢某人做某事5No problem. 1). 不客气；（回答感谢） 2）、没关系（回答道歉）3). 没问题（回答请求）

35、6Its always interesting to watch other people show their talents. 看其他人展示他们的才艺总是有趣的。watch/see/hear/feel/find/notice(注意) + sb. do sth. ( 经常或已发生) doing sth. ( 某次或正在发生) 如：I often hear her sing. (经常) I saw her come into the classroom. (已发生) I saw them playing basketball yesterday. ( 某次或正在发生)7. 全世界： aroun

36、d the world = in the world = all over the world.8When people watch the show, they usually play a role in deciding the winner. 当人们看节目的时候，他们通常扮演着决定获胜者的角色role play a role in . 在.扮演角色/起作用 如：play an important role in the family play a role of . 扮演.角色 如：play a role of a reporter 9. have a talent for (doin

37、g) sth. ：有.的天赋 He has a talent for painting.poor 10. 贫穷的；可怜的 如: She is such a poor girl that she cant buy a toy. 糟糕的；质量差的 如: Im poor in English. He is in poor health. Unit5 Do you want to watch a game show? （谈论内心想法，一般现在时）一、习惯用法、搭配1、let sb. do sth.让某人做某事， 2、plan to do sth.计划做某事，3、hope to do sth. 希望做某

38、事， 4、happen to do sth碰巧发生某事，5、expect to do sth. 期望做某事， 6.be ready to do sth.准备做某事7、How about doing？= What about? 做某事怎么样？8、try ones best to do sth.=do ones best to do sth.尽力做某事，9. Different kinds of TV showstalk shows sitcoms news game shows talent shows sports showssoap operas Beijing Opera fashion

39、shows(时尚节目) comedy shows cartoon 10. Different kinds of movies:action movies scary movies（恐怖片） comedy romance(爱情片) science fiction（科幻片） tragedy（悲剧片） documentary（纪录片） 11. a symbol of 的象征 12. in the 1930s 在二十世纪三十年代二、知识点讲解1. disagree/ agree with sb. （不）同意某人的观点或意见2. plan 计划：make a plan to do sth.= plan

40、to do sth. 制定计划做 stand 3. 站立：stand up 代表: stand for sth. Our flag stands for our country. 容忍（否）: cant stand (doing) sth. 如: I cant stand telling liesmind 4. (n) 头脑；想法；心思 如: Out of sight, out of mind 眼不见，心不烦 (v) 介意；反对 mind doing sth. 如: Would you mind opening the window? hope (n)希望：如: He never gave u

41、p his hope.5. (v)希望： hope to do sth. ; hope +that从句.I hope so. 我希望如此。 I hope not. 我不希望如此。 wish 6 但愿（虚拟）： wish +that从句. 如: I wish that I were a bird. 希望： wish（sb.） to do sth. 如: Do you really wish me to go? 7. find 找到;发现 如: I found a wallet lying on the ground. 认为；发觉 如: I found it necessary to take e

42、xercise. find out ：查明；弄清楚 如: Youd better find out who broke the window. look for ：寻找 如: They looked for it everywhere, but they didnt find it. 8We had a discussion about TV shows. 我们讨论了电视节目。 discussion(n); discuss(v)have a discussion about sth. = discuss (about) sth. 讨论 with sb. = discuss with sb. 与

43、 讨论 9You can expect to learn a lot/ much from sitcoms. 你能期望从情景喜剧中学到很多。expect 1). 期望；盼望：expect sth/that+从句: I expect the result.expect (sb. )to do sth. I expect (you) to win the game. 预料；认为：I expect that he will come soon. 2). learn from ：从中学到 ; learn from ：向学习10. famous be famous for.: 因（技能；特色）出名 Ed

44、ison was famous for his inventions有名的；著名的 be famous as.: 因（身份；产地）出名 He is famous as a magacian.11. 出来；花开；发芽 ： Its wonderful to watch the stars come out at night. come out (书刊、产品等）上市；发行：His new record（唱片）came out last week. (秘密；真相）传出；大白： The truth will come out sooner or later.12. He become very rich

45、 and successful. 1). rich: 有钱的；丰富的 He is rich in experience. 他经验丰富 2). success (n):成功- succeed(v)取得成功-successful(adj)/ successfully(adv) 成功的13. luck（n） (adj) lucky/unlucky 幸运的/不幸的 good luck 祝你好运（事前） 运气 (adv) luckily/unluckily 幸运地 /不幸地 bad luck 真倒霉 （事后）14. 失去；丢失 such as losing his girlfriend lose /lo

46、st 迷失(方向、路) lose the way 输掉(（比赛） lose the game ; lose to sb : 输给某人 15. ready be ready to do sth. 准备/乐于做. ;be ready for sth. 为.做准备16. take ones place = take the place of sb. : 代替；替换 take place : 发生(happen) Unit 6 Im going to study computer science (谈谈生活的目标，一般将来时)一般将来时 1. 含义：一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，

47、也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与tomorrow,   next month, the day after tomorrow, at once, in the future, soon, 等表示将来的时间状语连用. 2. 结构: 1) will（助动词）+动词原形 （第一人称常用shall） 2) be going to +动词原形 1). 否定： 一加二改 ： 一加（助动词 + not ）; 二改 （some 改为 any ）1). He will visit you tomorrow. - He wont visit you

48、tomorrow. (wont = will not) 2). Theyre going to buy some food. - They arent going to buy any food. 2). 一般疑问：把（will / be）提 到句首；把some改为any、句号改为问好；读升调 1). Will he visit you tomorrow? - Yes, he will. / No, he wont. 2). Are they going to buy any food? - Yes , they are. / No, they arent. 3. 辨析：从不严格的语法角度而言 ，be going to与 will二者可以互换， 但： 1）be going to 表示根据主观判断及将要发生的事情，或含有“计划，准备”的意思。 2）will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。 He will be twenty years old next month. 4注意： 1). come, go, leave, arrive等表示位置移动的动词常用现在进行时表示将来：He is arriving at 8 oclock tomorrow. 2). There be 句型的一般将来时结构为： There is/are goi