工业设计外文翻译德国包豪斯设计与未来设计趋势其他专业

1、Germany Bauhaus design and Future Design Trend【Abstract】German Bauhaus had a significant influence on the modern design education, meanwhile, it established the foundation of the leading position in the world for German industrial design. Through analyzing on current industrial design conditions fro

2、m different countries, art design is considered as the main part of industrial design. This paper reviewed the last 10 years development of industrial design program in Zhejiang University of Science and Technology. The industrial design program have taken considerable achievements in many fields, s

3、uch as the practice of Germany model, disciplines construction, teaching reform, manufactures & college cooperation, project teaching and design competitions. And You cannot ignore the industrial design ten trend【Keywords】 Bauhaus, industrial design, project teaching, practice ，10 Industrial Des

4、ign Trends 1. German Bauhaus and industrial design In 1919, the Bauhaus school had been built in Weimar, Germany. This have been called the “cradle of world industrial design, the milestone in the art design history. Bauhaus believed that the foremost thing is letting the students explore their own

5、design ways, rather than just teaching them the teachers ways; developing students independent and critical thinking ability rather than imposing certain design styles on them. Compared with other design schools that had similar education philosophies, Bauhaus had distinctive education philosophy. I

6、t took thorough reform on the traditional art design education system and established art design as a new professional discipline. Meanwhile, Walter Gropius, the founder of Bauhaus made “Unity of art and technology as the dominant design education philosophy. One of Bauhaus initiative works is purif

7、ying the forms of general industrial products. Bauhaus stressed that the product forms should be designed based on basic geometric patterns such as cubes, squares and circles. The product forms and outlines should be simple and varied in different ways and follow abstract form principles and aesthet

8、ics. Because Bauhauss brave and aggressive exploring and reform, it took significant key influence on the forming of Modernism Art Style and made the Bauhaus design a world-wide reputation. Therefore Bauhaus became the milestone of modern art design history. American artist Joseph Sinel first mentio

9、ned the term of Industrial design in 1919. However in China, until 1983, the Ministry of Education had conformed industrial design discipline as the sample major of general colleges. The original name of the major is “Product Forming for art students. In 1998 the national major category had been adj

10、usted to be integrated into the international conventions. The “Product forming major had removed the focus from the product forms to the area of researching the human-product-environment relationships. The name had been replaced by “Industrial design and the major had been set for both engineering

11、and art education schools. Bauhaus had many top European artists at that time, such as Itten, Kandinsky, and Klee etc. They are famous abstract painters. Their teaching cultivated the Bauhaus students and contributed to the 20s century art design. Most of famous industrial designers such as Philippe

12、 Starck, Marc Newson and yves béhar are graduated from the art design schools. Their success proved that the art design education is effective for industrial design education. The product form design is still an important aspect in undergraduate industrial design studies and the industrial desi

13、gn is an important component of current famous art design schools. Royal College of Art Norwegian Institute of Art and Design University of Duisburg-Essen, Politecnico di Milano, Hannover University of Applied Sciences and Arts (FH Hannover), their industrial design departments are belong to art and

14、 design schools. America: According to a survey of IDSA (The Industrial Designers Society of America) in 1998, there are 49 institutes that have industrial design undergraduate or graduate programs registered in IDSA list. Typical industrial design majors usually are set in art schools, which can gr

15、ant bachelor degree in fine arts or science. Most of them got the certification of NASAD (National Association of Schools of Art and Design). Only 15 in the 49 schools did not get the certification. IDSA declared that 5 years later, only the certified the industrial design majors can get be recogniz

16、ed. There are 37 industrial design majors in universities, 6 in design colleges, 4 in art schools. This situation did not vary in current years. Asia: In Japan, industrial design majors also set in art schools or independent industrial design faculties, such as Tokyo Zokei University, Musashino Art

17、University, Tama Art University, and University of Tsukuba etc. In Hongkong, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University has famous industrial design programs. In Taiwan, Shih Chien University, National Cheng Kung University, National Yunlin University of Science & Technology have famous industrial des

18、ign programs. In mainland of China, Jiangnan University, Tsinghua University, Hunan University, Tongji University and the Guangzhou academic of fine arts all have their industrial design departments in the art design schools or departments. 2 .10 Industrial Design Trends You Can't IgnoreDesign F

19、or A CauseCompanies including Herman Miller and American Apparel are promoting their ideals through design. Yves Béhar's leaf lamp for Herman Miller (shown) uses a biomorphic grid of LEDs, which consume 40% percent less energy than fluorescent lights and last for 100,000 hours. And Nike pla

20、ns to make its entire footwear line out of sustainable materials by 2021.SimplexitySteve McCallion, executive creative director of Portland, Ore.-based industrial design firm Ziba Design, says there's a trend toward "simplexity," products that have many functions but are approachable,

21、ergonomically correct and easy to use-like Apple's iPhone. The baby boomers have also propelled simplexity; as the generation ages, the need for easy-to-use, at-home medical equipment becomes greater. Ami Verhalen, director of industrial design at Madison, Wis.-based Design Concepts, says that i

22、n-home health care will be a huge driver for product innovation in the upcoming decade.PersonalizationFrom Nike ID shoes to Build-a-Bear teddies, retailers are adding a "build your own" element to brands. Do it yourself-or DIY-serves as an important element of this trend. Publications like

23、 Ready Made magazine and books like designer Wendy Mullin's Sew U encourage consumers to put their own spin on things.GlobalizationLike other industries, outsourcing has affected international design. Today a designer in Delhi might be working with a manufacturer in Columbus. Steve McCallion say

24、s that the globalization of product design has created Internet communities that enable more people to participate in the design process. Companies like Kid Robot can employ toy designers from Tokyo to Tucson with greater ease than ever.OrnamentationIn fashion design, we're seeing a return to mi

25、nimalism, but in home decor, ornate details are in fashion. For the first time in decades, wallpaper is in fashion, and the details are rich-brocades, velvets and jewel-tone colors. Long-forgotten textile designers like Florence Broadhurst and Vera Neumann are receiving attention from a new generati

26、on of design-savvy consumers.Polarization Of DesignBig-box or luxury retailer? Many experts say that design has been polarized, with innovative products available at both the very high end (Neiman Marcus, Moss) and the very low end (Target, Ikea). Meanwhile, midrange retailers like Macy's suffer

27、 from lack of fresh, on-trend ideas. That isolates the huge chunk of the population that can afford something higher-end than the $200 Malm bed at Ikea but scoff at the price of a $16,000 Hastens mattress.Pink DesignGadgets are a guy's game, right? Not if you consider the latest products with fe

28、minine mystique. Motorola released a lipstick pink Razr cellphone, and more recently, LG released a Prada phone. More and more manufacturers are creating sleeker, feminized versions of their clunky, chunky products, and both men and women are biting. Want proof of the feminization of product design?

29、 Just check out Geeksugar , which rates several items a day as "Geek chic" or "Just Plain Geeky."Mass ImperfectionSome designers are creating intentionally flawed pieces, like designer Jason Miller's duct tape chair or Bodum's Pavina glassware collection, which uses mouth

30、-blown double-walled glass, giving each piece a slight variation in height, thickness and weight. Whiskered and weathered textiles-on denim as well as furniture and tapestries-are more recognizable examples of intentional imperfection in production.CraftAs mass retailers like Target become more desi

31、gn-focused, there's a countertrend of independent manufacturers and designers creating one-off, heirloom pieces. Where to find these limited-edition treasures? Artisan e-commerce sites like Etsy , classical craft companies like Heath Ceramics and modernist design houses such as Design Within Rea

32、ch.Focus On The Other 90%Anthony Pannozzo, vice president of design strategy at Waltham, Mass.-based firm Herbst LaZar Bell, says that well-designed products are available to only 10% of the world's population. However, more and more designers are starting to cater to consumers in Africa, Asia a

33、nd Latin America.【References】 1 S Z Wang. “A History of Modern Design, China Youth Press, Beijing, 2002 2 D.S. Yang. “A Discussion of The Differences in Industrial Design Education between China and Germany from the Workshop Project Practice, Journal of Hefei University (Natural Sciences), 2006:21-2

34、2 3 Rosson M.B, J.M.Carroll. “Usability Engineering: Scenario-Based Development of Human-Computer Interaction, San Francisco:Morgan Kaufmann, 2002 4 Kevin N. Otto, Kristin L Wood. “Product Design: Techniques in Reverse Engineering and New Product Development, Tsinghua University Press, Beijing, 2003

35、5?industrial design history? Herenke Beijing Institute of Technology Press6?The modern history of design? Wangshouzhi China Youth Press7?Product System Design? Wuxiang China Light Industry Press8?Design of products?magazine9 L. Axon, K. Garry etc.，An Evaluation of CFD for Modeling the Flow Around St

36、ationary and Rotating Isolated Wheel, SAE 980034 10 N. Horinouchi, Y. Kato etc., Numerical Investigation of Vehicle Aerodynamics with Overlaid Grid System, SAE 950628 11 U. B. Mehta, Some Aspects of Uncertainty in Computational Fluid Dynamics Results, Journal of Fluids Engineering Transactions of th

37、e ASME, Dec. 1991, Vol. 113, pp538 - 543 12 STAR-CD User Guide Version 3.10, Computational Dynamics Limited 1999 13 STAR-CD Tutorial Manual Vol. 1 Tutorial 1 Tutorial 7 Version 3.10, Computational Dynamics 【中文翻译】德国包豪斯设计与未来设计趋势摘要德国包豪斯有显著的影响,与此同时,现代设计教育奠定了根底,它处于世界领先地位的德国工业设计。通过分析当前工业设计条件不同国家、艺术设计是考虑为主

38、体的工业设计。本文综述了近10年的开展工业设计的程序。工业设计的程序已经采取了相当大的成就,在很多领域,如德国的实践模式,专业建设、教学改革、生产及工程学院合作,教学和设计竞赛与你不能无视的未来工业设计十个趋势。关键词：包豪斯、工业设计、工程教学、实践、工业设计十个趋势1919年,学校已建造了包豪斯魏玛,德国。这被称为“世界工业设计的摇篮,这一里程碑式的艺术设计的历史。包豪斯认为,最重要的事情就是让学生探究他们自己设计的方式,而不是教他们老师的方法;培养学生独立思考、批判思维能力而不是把某些设计风格对他们。相较于其他具有相似的设计学校教育,具有独特的教育哲学,包豪斯哲学。它花了彻底改革对传统艺

39、术设计教育体系,建立了艺术设计作为一种新的专业的学科。与此同时,沃尔特Gropius,它的创始人的包豪斯就提出了“统一的艺术与技术为主导设计教育哲学。包豪斯的作品之一,是主动净化形式的一般工业产品。包豪斯强调,该产品形态的设计应基于根本的几何模式,如立方体、方形和圆圈。产品的形式,并概述了应该简单和多样的以不同的方式和遵循抽象形式原那么和美学。因为包豪斯的勇敢和积极的探索和改革,就采取重大关键影响现代主义艺术风格的形成,使包豪斯设计一个世界级的声誉。因此包豪斯成为了现代设计艺术历史的里程碑。美国艺术家约瑟Sinel第一次提到了术语的工业设计在1919年。然而在中国,直到1983年,教育部已符合

40、工业设计学科与样品主要普通高校。原来的名字叫“产品形成的主要是“为艺术的学生。在1998年国家重点范畴被调整到被整合到国际公约。“主要的产品形成早已把焦点从产品形态等领域的研究human-product-environment关系。这个名字已经取代“工业设计和一些主要的设立对于工程与艺术教育的学校。包豪斯有许多欧洲顶级艺术家们在这段时间内,如康丁斯基、克里等。他们是著名的抽象画家。他们的教学培养学生,并导致包豪斯的20世纪的艺术设计的。最著名的工业设计师如菲利普Starck behar Marc Newson和马卡是毕业于美术设计学校。他们的成功证明,艺术设计教育的工业设计教育是有效的。产品形

41、态设计仍然是一个重要的方面,在本科工业设计研究工业设计是当前的一个重要组成局部,著名的艺术设计学校。挪威皇家艺术学院艺术设计学院,大学Politecnico Duisburg-Essen嘀米兰,汉诺威大学的应用科学和艺术(跳频汉诺威工业设计部门),他们都属于艺术与设计的学校。根据一项调查:美国的工业设计师协会(IDSA举办的美国)在1998年,有49个学院,从而有工业设计本科或研究生工程注册于IDSA举办的列表。典型的工业设计专业学生通常都设置在艺术学校,可以获得本科及以上学历,美术或相关专业。大多数人都得到认证的学校NASAD(国家协会的艺术与设计)。只有15学校没有得到认证。五年后的IDS

42、A举办的宣称,只有注册的工业设计专业学生能得到被认可。其中有37工业设计专业在大学,6日在设计学院、4在艺术学校。这种情况没有变化在目前的年。亚洲:在日本,工业设计专业学生在艺术学校也设置或独立的工业设计学院,如东京艺术大学Zokei大学,Musashino阿玉升官后,还艺术大学和大学景文科技等。在香港,香港理工大学已经知名的工业设计程序。在台湾,施明德简简单单的大学,成功大学机械系,国立云林科技大学及技术有著名的工业设计程序。在中国大陆,江南大学、清华大学、湖南大学、同济大学、广州学术美术作品的工业设计部门,都有自己的艺术设计学校或部门。2你不能无视的工业设计十个趋势用意很强的设计像Herm

43、an Miller 和 American Apparel这样的公司在内的设计团体都通过设计来激发他们的灵感。Yves Béhar为Herman Miller公司设计的叶片形灯具如下图，通过应用生物形态类的格栅状液晶显示器，相比拟普通的白炽灯来说，不仅降低40%的能耗，而且可以连续发光100,000小时。就连同耐克公司都方案到2021年实现他们生产的鞋类产品的材料能够全部耐度十足而不起皱。设计的简洁化，少即是多据波特兰一家叫做Ziba设计公司的执行总裁Steve McCallion的说法，设计有一种趋向简洁化的势头，这些产品不仅拥有很多的功能，而且非常的人性化，人们很容易接受，使用起来

44、也很方便，像Apple's iPhone. 居家带孩子的人们也很推崇简洁化，缘于在孩子刚生下来需要照顾的这段时间，所用的东西、家庭医疗设备符合简便易用的需求越来越多。麦迪逊一家专门从事概念设计的工业设计公司的老板Ami Verhalen说，居家健康护理的需求将成为未来十年产品创新的有力推动器。设计的私人化、个性化不管从耐克的鞋子设计，还是到Build-a-Bear的连衫衬裤设计，零售商们无一不在各种品牌中参加“塑造你自己这个理念。亲手来打造你自己-或者DIY-为我们诠释了这样一个非常重要的趋势。群众出版物像?Ready Made?杂志，还有像设计师Wendy Mullin在他的?Sew

45、 U?一书中，都在鼓励消费者在他们自己的所用之物中参加自己的想法。设计的全球化像其他行业一样，产品外包也正在影响着全球的设计。在当今，一位在印度德里的设计师也许要和远在美国哥伦布的制造商一起工作。Steve McCallion 说，产品设计的全球化创造了国际间的交流，使得更多的人参与进了设计的过程。像类似 Kid Robot的一些公司就能从东京比以往更容易雇佣玩具设计师到美国图森 。设计中的装饰味更浓在时尚设计领域，我们正在看到人们向保守主义回归，但是在家居装潢风格来说，却是细节装饰味十足的潮流大行其道。在头几十年的起步阶段，墙纸比拟流行，细节设计也多是繁饰锦簇，鹅绒质感，类宝石颜色。离开人们视线很久的纺织品设计师们像Florence Broadhurst和Vera Neumann就慢慢将注意力集中在对设计考究的消费者身上。设计趋于两极化这是个大盒子还是件奢侈品？许多专家指出，此种设计表达的既是高品位(Neiman Marcus, Moss)又是平民化(Target, Ikea)的定位，使得这样的极具创意的产品走向两种极端。与此同时，处于中间定位的设计者，像Macy一类的人饱受缺少创意和不能迎合时尚之苦。这样的结果就是直接导致大量的消费者更多的原意接受像在Ikea的 $200的 Malm床垫也不愿问及价格不菲的高达$16,000的一件Hastens床垫。中性设计小玩意儿是一款个人