高中英语-虚拟语气精讲(超全整理篇)

1、The Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气 英语动词有 种语气 陈述语气 祈使语气 虚拟语气用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不太可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。三虚拟语气的应用虚拟语气的应用A. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的应用应用B. 虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用C. 虚拟语气在某些句型中的应用虚拟语气在某些句型中的应用A. 虚拟语气在条虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的件状语从句中的应用应用 条件句中虚拟语气的考点 1、基本用法；2、 混合条件句；3、虚拟条件句的省略和倒装4、含蓄条件句;主从句的谓语形式时间If 从句的

2、谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去将来did / werehad donewould/could/should/might +V.(原)would/could/should/might+have+done.1. did / were2. should do3. were to dowould/could/should/might + V.(原)与现在事实相反：与现在事实相反：虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句didbe-wereshould/would/could/might + do与事实相反！与事实相反！1) If he has time,he will go shopping tonight.2)

3、 If I had time,I would visit you.与过去事实相反与过去事实相反虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句had doneshould/would/might/could +have +doneIf you your father advice,had takenYou in the traffic jam now.wouldnt have trapped与将来事实相反与将来事实相反虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句did/ wereshould dowere to doshould/would/could/ might +do表示表示与将来事实与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动

4、相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形，而动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/could might + 动词原形。动词原形。 明天要是周日的话，我们就不参加考明天要是周日的话，我们就不参加考试了。试了。If it should fail, I would try again.要是失败了，我会再试一次。要是失败了，我会再试一次。If it were Sunday tomorrow, we wouldnt have an exam.主从句的谓语形式时间If 从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在

5、过去将来did / werehad donewould/could/should/might +V.(原)would/could/should/might+have+done.1. did / were2. should do3. were to dowould/could/should/might + V.(原)If虚拟句的省略和倒装如果条件状语中有were, had, should时, 可以省略if倒装成：Were / Should / Had +主+其他Were I you, Had he been there yesterday, Should it snow tomorrow, If

6、 I were you, I would try it again.If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film.If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out.如果我是你，我会再试一次。如果他昨天在那儿的话，他就会看那部电影了。 如果明天下雪，我们就不出去了。 4.If it _ _ (rain) tomorrow, we _(not go out). 5._(be) I in good health, I _ (go) with you tomorrow. rained/

7、should rain/ were to rainwould not go outWerewould/should go有时 假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是隐含在某些词或短语中，如，otherwise, without, but for等，或者从上下文中表示出来，这种情况叫含蓄条件句，主句要用虚拟语气。Eg. Without /But for your help, we would not have made such rapid progress.1.I was ill that day. 0therwise, I _ (take ) part in the sports meet.

8、2.I _ (give) you more help, but I was too busy.3.A man who stopped drinking _ (be) dead in seven days.4.But for water, it _ (be) impossible to live in the desert.would have takenmight have given would be would be This same thing, happening in wartime, would lead to a disaster. (条件暗含在分词短语happening in

9、 wartime中) He studied hard at high school, or he couldnt have entered Beijing University. (暗含条件是连词or) Alone, he would have been terrified. (暗含条件是alone) 1. 条件暗含在短语中。如： What would I have done without you? (条件暗含在分词短语without you中) It would be easier to do it this way. (条件暗含在不定式短语to do it this way 中) But

10、 for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment. (暗含条件是but for your help)B. 虚拟语气在某虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用些从句中的应用虚拟语气的常考形式：虚拟语气的常考形式：1. 名词性从句名词性从句2. 固定句式固定句式3. 可用可不用虚拟语气的情况可用可不用虚拟语气的情况一坚持一坚持 二命令二命令 四建议四建议 五要求五要求 一一 .名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气 insistorder / commandsuggest / advise / propose / recommendde

11、sire / demand / request / require / ask 名词性从句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气should do! should do! should do! 1“坚持坚持” insist2“命令命令” order, command3“建议建议” advise, suggest, propose, recommend4“要求要求” ask, demand, require, request, desire + (that) sb (should) do .或是或是 (that) sb / sth (should) be done 宾语从句宾语从句我们建议我们建议T

12、om 去休息一下。去休息一下。他坚持要我与他同行。他坚持要我与他同行。他们要求派他们要求派Tom去那儿工作。去那儿工作。老师要求作业要及时完成。老师要求作业要及时完成。We suggested _ .(that) Tom have a restHe insisted _ .(that) I (should ) go with himThey requested (that) Tom _ .(should) be sent to work thereThe teacher asked (that) our homework _ .(should) be finished in timeIt is

13、 ordered / commanded / suggested / advised / requested / required / demanded that (should) do It is suggested that we (should) practise reading English everyday. (一). 主语从句主语从句that不可省略不可省略这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用这些动词相对应的名词性从句也用should do The / Ones insistence / order / command / suggestion / advice / proposal

14、/ recommendation / request / requirement / demand / desire is / was that (should) do (二).表语从句表语从句The suggestion given by our teacher is that we (should) practise reading English everyday.that不可省略不可省略a / the suggestion / request (等等) that (should) do She made a request that the doctor(should)be sent

15、for at once. The teacher gives us a suggestion that we (should) practise reading English everyday. (三）.同位语从句同位语从句that不可省略不可省略 Its suggested that the plan (should) be carried out at once . The old womans demand is that her son (should) come to see her once a week. We are in favor of the advice that t

16、he factory (should) be closed down.主语从句主语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句He insisted that he was not a thief and that he be set free.Her pale face suggested she was ill.注意：若注意：若insist表示表示“坚持说坚持说”，suggest 表示表示“表明了，暗示了表明了，暗示了”，后，后面是宾语从句用陈述语气面是宾语从句用陈述语气他命令用专机送药品。他命令用专机送药品。If it werent for 要不是要不是 (固定句式固定句式)与与现在现在事实

17、相反事实相反If it hadnt been for与与过去过去事实相反事实相反 二二. 虚拟语气特殊句型与固定句式虚拟语气特殊句型与固定句式 If it were not for lacking money, I would go travelling right now.= Were it not for lacking money, If it had not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work yesterday. = Had it not been for your help , but for but for（

18、二）（二）If only ! 要是要是就好了就好了If only I were a bird!If only we had followed your advice!If only she would go with me!与与 wish 的宾语从句相似的宾语从句相似only if只要只要就，只有就，只有才才引导的从句位于句首，引导的从句位于句首，主句倒装！倒装！主句倒装！倒装！Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to enter the room.（三）犹如，好像，仿佛（三）犹如，好像，仿佛as if / a

19、s though假设情况非事实时，用虚拟语气。假设情况非事实时，用虚拟语气。若从句表示内容为事实或很可能是事实，用陈述语气：若从句表示内容为事实或很可能是事实，用陈述语气： It looks as if we will be late.试比较：试比较：He walks as if he is drunk. He walks as if he were drunk.他真的醉了。他真的醉了。他没有醉。他没有醉。It looks as if it is going to rain.It looks as if it were going to rain.快要下雨了。快要下雨了。不会下雨。不会下雨。A

20、s if /as though在虚拟语气中的用法在虚拟语气中的用法as if / as thoughsb did （were） sb had done sb would /could do 现在现在过去过去将来将来与与 wish 的宾语从句相似的宾语从句相似should（四）（四） 宁愿，但愿宁愿，但愿 would rather 宁愿，但愿宁愿，但愿 sb did 与现在或将来与现在或将来情况相反情况相反sb had done 与过去情况相反与过去情况相反I would rather you returned me my money now. I would rather we hadnt t

21、old her the bad news.I would rather you came tomorrow. sb did sb should do注意注意: should不能省略不能省略 (五五) It is (high / about ) time (that) “是时候是时候. (做某事做某事)”现在现在将来将来 Its necessary / strange / natural (自然的自然的, 理应理应如此的如此的) / important + that sb (should) do（六）（六）. 在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义的固定句式中常使

22、用虚拟语气等意义的固定句式中常使用虚拟语气1). It is important that we _ ( master 精通精通 ) a foreign language.2). 真奇怪，她竟然拒绝来参加真奇怪，她竟然拒绝来参加party。 Its _ that she _ to come to the party.3). 鸟在树上安歇鸟在树上安歇 / 休息是很自然的。休息是很自然的。 It is _ that a bird _ in trees. ( should ) master(should) refusestrangenatural(should) rest三三. 可用可不用虚拟语气的

23、情况可用可不用虚拟语气的情况1. if2. insist, suggest3. as if/thoughinsist / suggest 各有两种意思，用不同的语气各有两种意思，用不同的语气insist : “坚决坚决/持要求做某事持要求做某事”用虚拟语气用虚拟语气 should do;insist : “坚持认为坚持认为, 坚持说坚持说”用陈述语气用陈述语气The man in prison insisted that he _(do)nothing and _( be) set free.The patient insisted that he _(not be)ill and _ (no

24、t be) sent to the hospital.He insisted that I had read his letter.He insisted that I should read his letter.他坚持说我看过他的信。他坚持要我看他的信。had doneshould bewasntshouldnt be suggest : “建议建议”用虚拟语气，用虚拟语气，即即should do; suggest : “表明、暗示表明、暗示”用陈述语气用陈述语气He suggests we should go at once. Her expression suggested she w

25、as very angry. 他提议我们马上出发.她脸上的表情显示她生气了. 1. The teacher suggested that we _ (practise) more after class. 2. Her pale face suggests that she _ (be) ill today. (should) practiseis When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken. The dark clouds are gathering. It looks as if it

26、 is going to rain. as if / as though6. It is strange that he _ (make) such a mistake. Thats unexpected.7. It was required that each student _ (bring) enough food on the trip.8. My demand is that you _ (get )up at six.9. He speaks as if he _(be) an Englishman.10. They talked as if they _ (be) good fr

27、iends for years. should make bring (should) get were had beenExercise I advised that you _ the job as soon as possible . A finished B finishing C to finish D finish 2 The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _ be raised. A should B would C must D could3. My father did not go to New York; t

28、he doctor suggested that he _ there. A. not went B. wont go C. not go D. not to go4.The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven. A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished5. Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill . A be B was C should be D is6.He insisted he _rig

29、ht. A. were B. was C. be D. is 7. He insisted that all of us _ (get) there on time by any means. 8. He insisted that he _ (not steal) the dimond, and that he should be set free. (should) gethadnt stolen考题点击考题点击 His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can

30、 try2. She made the demand that the journalists _at once for Iraq. A. leave B. leaving C. left D. to be left3.We are in favor of your proposal that the meeting _. A. should put off B. was put off C. be put off D. is to put off4. It is high time the child _ to the hospital. A. is sent B. would be sen

31、t C. must be sent D. were sent5. If only I _ driving before. A. had learned B. learned C. learn D. would learn 6. I wish I _a bird. A is B were C will be D are7. How I wish that I _ the moon sometime in the future . A had visited B would visit C visited D will visit 8. Id rather you _ me the news. A

32、. not tell B. not to tell C. didnt tell D. hadnt toldE.ExercisesExercises8.（安徽卷）（安徽卷）It is lucky we booked a room, or we _nowhere to stay now.A. had B. had hadC. would haveD. would have had9.（江苏卷）（江苏卷） It might have saved me much trouble_ the schedule.A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. ha

33、d I known10.(重庆卷重庆卷)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway_ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.A.Didnt write B. hadnt written C. wouldnt write D. wouldnt have written13. If we _ a table earlier, we couldnt be standing here in a queue. have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked14. -Do you think

34、 George has passed the driving test? -No. If so, he _ his car to our college yesterday. would drive B. drove C. would have driven D. had driven【答案答案】D【解析解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句意：如果我们早点订桌的话，考查虚拟语气。根据句意：如果我们早点订桌的话，我们就不可能在这里站着排队了。可知我们就不可能在这里站着排队了。可知if从句是对过去的虚拟，从句是对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时态。用过去完成时态。【答案答案】C【解析解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句意，如

35、果这样的话（乔治已考查虚拟语气。根据句意，如果这样的话（乔治已经通过驾照考试），他昨天就驾车来我们大学了，可知是对过经通过驾照考试），他昨天就驾车来我们大学了，可知是对过去的虚拟。去的虚拟。If so= If he had passed the driving test，主句使用，主句使用情态动词情态动词+ have done。故答案选。故答案选C。15. I should not have laughed if I _ you were serious. thought B. would think C. had thought D. have thought16. My mom sugge

36、sts that we _ eat out for a change this weekend. A. should B. might C. could D. would【答案答案】C【解析解析】考查虚拟语气。此处为考查虚拟语气。此处为if虚拟条件句，其主句虚拟条件句，其主句使用的是使用的是should have done，可知是对过去的虚拟，可知是对过去的虚拟，故从句用过去完成时态表示对过去的虚拟。故从句用过去完成时态表示对过去的虚拟。【答案答案】A【解析解析】考查虚拟语气。题干关键词为考查虚拟语气。题干关键词为suggest，表示，表示建议，其后所接的名词性从句应用建议，其后所接的名词性从

37、句应用“（should+）动）动词原形词原形”的虚拟语气，故选的虚拟语气，故选A。17. If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he _ able to speak it much better now.will be B. would be C. has been D. would have been18. Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _ at the age of six months old.A. was B. be C. wer

38、e D. is【答案答案】B【解析解析】考查虚拟语气。此题为考查虚拟语气。此题为if虚拟条件句，从句虚拟条件句，从句时间为时间为before，故是对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时态，故是对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时态，主句时间为主句时间为now，故是对现在的虚拟，因此用情态动，故是对现在的虚拟，因此用情态动词过去式后接动词原形，答案为词过去式后接动词原形，答案为B。【答案答案】B【解析解析】考查虚拟语气。题干关键词为考查虚拟语气。题干关键词为recommend，表示表示“推荐，建议推荐，建议”，后接宾语从句时应用（，后接宾语从句时应用（should+）动词原形的虚拟语气，此处省去了动词原形的虚拟语气，

39、此处省去了should，故答案为，故答案为B。19. - It rained cats and dogs this morning. Im glad we took an umbrella. - Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we _ . hadnt B. havent C. didnt D. dont20. I _ to my cousins birthday party last night, but I was not available A. went B. had gone C. would go D. would have gone【答案答案】A【解析解析】考查虚拟语气。虚拟条件句主句从句均为对考查虚拟语气。虚拟条件句主句从句均为对过去的虚拟，过去的虚拟，if从句使用过去完成时态，故选从句使用过去完成时态，故选A。【答案答案】D【解析解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句意：昨晚我本想要去参考查虚拟语气。根据句意：昨晚我本想要去参加我表亲的生日聚会，但我没空。选项中能表示对过去虚加我表