自考国际商务英语05844重点7-22.

1、自考国际商务自考国际商务英语英语课程代码05844Lesson 7 Incoterms 2000国际贸易术语解释通则国际贸易术语解释通则international commercial termsvdegenerate didenreit vt. 使退化；恶化v degenerate from sth into sthvdeal di:lvvt. 处理；给予；分配；发牌 vvi. 处理；讨论；对待；做生意 vn. 交易；（美）政策；待遇；份量vIts a deal. Deal in经营 deal with处理vagreement, especially in business, on cert

2、ain terms for buying or selling sth.vDraw up 制定vRespective 分别的，各自的vSubsequent 随后的vThe necessity and purpose of having Incoterms国际贸易术语解释通则国际贸易术语解释通则的必要性的必要性和目的和目的vThe purpose of Incoterms is to provide a set of international rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms in foreig

3、n trade. Thus, the uncertainties of different interpretations of such terms in different countries can be avoided or at least reduced to a considerable degree.vInterpretation 解释解释 说明说明vtrade terms贸易术语贸易术语: vwords or phrases that are peculiar to tradevtrade practice贸易管理贸易管理: vway of doing business th

4、at is common or habitualvDispute and litigation 纠纷与诉讼vICC国际商会国际商会: International Chamber of CommercevAmendment and addition 修订与增补修订与增补vRevise 修改vUnitization 使成为整体vRoll on-roll off滚装滚卸的vShort-sea 近海vMaritime 海上的vEDI电子数据交换电子数据交换: Electronic Date InterchangevCustoms clearance 结关vNegotiable（票据、证券等）可转让的、

5、可流通的；可协商的vNegotiable transport document可转让装运单据vvital vaitlvadj. 至关重要的；生死攸关的；有活力的 v vital to/ forvThe reasons for the 2000 revision of IncotermsvSpread of customs-free zones无关税区的发展vChanges in transportation practices运输方式的变化 Increased use of electronic communication 电子通讯使用的增加 vWhereby 借以 凭借这个vDispatch

6、 启运 发运、发送vdisposal dispuzl n. 处理；支配；清理；安排 at ones disposal自行支配vDeparture 离开 启程vQuay 码头vThe four groups of IncotermsGroup E: EXWGroup F: FCA, FAS, FOBGroup C: CFR, CIF, CPT, CIPGroup D: DAF, DES, DEQ, DDU, DDPWhat are the four different categories of terms in Incoterms 2000?In Incoterms 2000, the ter

7、ms have been grouped in four basically different categories: Group E (departure), Group F (Main carriage unpaid), Group C (Main carriage paid) and Group D (Arrival).vThe three most commonly used termsvFOB装运港船上交货装运港船上交货: Free On BoardvCFR成本加运费成本加运费: Cost and FreightvCIF成本、保险费加运费成本、保险费加运费: Cost, Insur

8、ance and FreightvIf, when drawing up their contract, buyer and seller have some commonly understood rules to specifically refer to, they can be sure of defining their respective responsibilities simply and safely.v买卖双方在制定合同时,如果有理解一致的具体规则可供参照,他们就肯定能简单可靠地确定各自的责任Lesson 8 The Business Tradev合同的定义合同的定义(d

9、efinition)A contract is an agreement which sets forth binding obligations of the relevant partiesvbinding baindi n. 装订；捆绑；粘合物 adj. 有约束力的；捆绑的be binding on sb.venforceable inf:sbl adj. 可实施的；可强行的；可强迫的 enforce v. Enforce sb to do sthvGive rise to dispute 引起争议vTwo types of business negotiation: oral and

10、writtenvTrade fairs 商品贸易会vTrunk call 长途公司vInquiry / enquiry询盘、询价: It is made by the buyers to get information about the goods to be ordered such as quantity, specifications, prices, time of shipment and other termsvBusiness line 业务范围vQuotation报盘: Estimate of how much something will costvA firm offer

11、 一个实盘一个实盘: Statement that you are willing to pay a certain amount of money to by something.vValidity period有效期vOffer发盘、出价: statement that you are willing to pay a certain amount of money to buy sthvOfferee收盘人: person who responds to the offerer.vLicensing许可经营许可经营:vFranchising特许经营特许经营:vlicenser 许可证颁发

12、者许可证颁发者vlicensee 许可证持有人许可证持有人vfranchiser 授予特权者授予特权者vfranchisee 特许经营者特许经营者vCounter offer还盘: New offer made by the original offeree to the original offerervProcess of negotiation and conclusion of the contract：询盘询盘发盘（发盘人发盘（发盘人-收盘收盘人）人）还盘，即新盘，原盘无效（原收还盘，即新盘，原盘无效（原收盘人盘人-原发盘人）原发盘人）vInquiryvQuotationvOffer

13、 and acceptancevCounter-offvSales (purchase) contract销售（采购）合同：legal agreement (between two parties) made by the seller (or the buyer).vSales (purchase) confirmation销售（采购）确认书：document which confirms the sales (or purchase).The types of contractsvSales contractvPurchase contractvSales (or purchase) co

14、nfirmationvConsignment寄售: sending of goods for deliveryvContract proper合同本身、合同正文vContraction parties缔约方: persons or companies that sign a contractvArbitration仲裁: settlement of a dispute by decision of someone chosen as a judge by both sidesvArticle number货号: the number of the products or things for

15、saleThe settling of a contract合同的构成 vThe titlevThe contract properThe name and address of the buyer and the sellerThe details of the commodity transactionThe terms and conditions mutually agreedIndication of the number of original copies, language(s) used, and the validityvThe signatures of the cont

16、racting partiesvThe stipulations on the back of the contract小练习v有效期对于确盘是必不可少的。在规定的时有效期对于确盘是必不可少的。在规定的时间之前，或在被对方接受或拒绝之前确盘一间之前，或在被对方接受或拒绝之前确盘一直是有效的直是有效的 vThe validity period is indispensable to a firm offer, that remains valid until a stipulated time or until it is accepted or rejected Lesson 9 modes

17、of tradevCounter trade对销贸易、反向贸易vCentrally planned economies中央计划经济国家vCross-border contract进出口合同，跨国合同vHyperinflation极度通货膨胀vcompetitive devaluation竞争性贬值vProtectionism贸易保护主义vReichsbank 德国国家银行vFinancial market金融市场vNet positions实际头寸vCompensation trade补偿贸易vEPU欧洲支付联盟欧洲支付联盟: European Payment UnionvClearing s

18、ystem清算系统、清算制度vTrade credit accounts贸易信贷往来账户vVertical竖式地、涉及生产销售全过程的: relating to or involving all stages from production to sale.vCurrent counter tradevBarter易货贸易易货贸易: The direct exchange of goods and services, which is completed in a short period of time.vCounter purchase反向购买、互购贸易反向购买、互购贸易: The ass

19、umption by an exporter of a transferable obligation through separate but linked contract to accept as full or partial payment goods and services from the importer or importing country.vBuyback回购贸易回购贸易: An agreement by an exporter of plant and equipment to take back in the future part of the output p

20、roduced by these goods as full or partial payment.vStipulate 规定vVolkswagen大众汽车公司vXerox Corporation施乐公司vProcessing trade加工贸易vConsignment寄售vLeasing trade租赁贸易vAgency代理代理 ： a business or service authorized to act for othersvMajor advantages of counter tradev a. Helping to deal with foreign exchange shor

21、tagev b. Promoting exportv c. Reducing uncertainty regarding export receiptsv d. Bypassing international price agreementv e. Helping countries with debt problems to import goods.小练习v回购贸易和互购贸易之间另一个重要的区别回购贸易和互购贸易之间另一个重要的区别在于回购贸易一般比互购贸易要延续更长一在于回购贸易一般比互购贸易要延续更长一段时间。段时间。 vAnother important difference bet

22、ween counter purchase and buyback is that a buyback deal usually stretches over a longer period of time than a counter purchase deal.v在其他贸易方式中还有加工贸易、寄售、在其他贸易方式中还有加工贸易、寄售、租赁贸易、代理等。租赁贸易、代理等。vAmong other modes of trade are processing trade, consignment, leasing trade, agency etc.Lesson 10 International

23、 PaymentvIn a straightforward manner 以直接的方式vRemittance 汇款，汇付: This method is always employed by the parties who are familiar with and trust each othervDebit借方借方：written note in an account of a sum owed or paid outvDebtor债务人债务人: a person who owes money to somebody creditor 债权人vFinancial standing财务状况=

24、 financial status = financial strengthvCredit worthiness资信可靠状况vdefault dif:ltvi. 拖欠；不履行；不到场 n. 违约；缺席；缺乏；系统默认值 vt. 不履行；不参加（比赛等）；对处以缺席裁判vban bn vt. 禁止，取缔 n. 禁令，禁忌 ban from sth/ doing sth forbid to dovThe complexity of payment in international trade 国际贸易支付的复杂性A.Risks faced by the exporter and importer

25、出口商和进口商所面临的风险B. Political factors政治因素, commercial factors商业因素, geographical factors地理因素vfluctuation ,flktjuein n. 起伏，波动 fluctuation in/ of vhesitant hezitntadj. 迟疑的；踌躇的；犹豫不定的be hesitant about doing sth/ sthvCash in advance预付现金vOpen account记账交易vPeriodic payments分阶段付款vTitle to the goods货物所有权，Ownership

26、 to the goods vTwo methods of payment used under certain conditions 在一定条件下的两种支付方式vA. Cash in advance or partial cash in advance 预付或部分预付现金vB. Open account 记账交易vDraft汇票汇票:= Bill of exchange. It is an unconditional order to a bank or a customer to pay a sum of money to someone on demand or at a fixed t

27、ime in the future.vDrawer出票人出票人: The person who draws the draft (usually the exporter)vDrawee受票人受票人: The person to whom the draft is drawn.vPayee收款人、领款人收款人、领款人: The person receiving the payment.vSight draft即期汇票即期汇票: The draft calls for immediate payment on presentation to the drawee.vUsance draft远期汇

28、票远期汇票=Term draft = Tenor draft: The draft is payable at a later date on presentation to the drawee.vClean draft光票光票: The draft without documentsvDocumentary draft跟单汇票跟单汇票: The draft is accompanied by the relevant documents.vDocumentary collection跟单托收跟单托收: It is means of ensuring that the goods are o

29、nly handed over to the buyer when the amount shown on a bill of exchange is paid or when the customer accepts the bill as a contract to pay by a specified datevD/P付款交单付款交单: Documents against paymentvD/A承兑交单承兑交单: Documents against acceptancevD/P at sight 即期付款交单vD/P after sight 远期付款交单小练习v就出口商而言，即期付款交单

30、比远期付款就出口商而言，即期付款交单比远期付款交单有利，付款交单比承兑交单有利。交单有利，付款交单比承兑交单有利。vSo far as the exporters interest is concerned, D/P at sight is more favorable then d/P after sight, and D/P is more favorable then D/A.Lesson 11 The Letter of Credit(I)The definition of the letter of creditThe letter of Credit (L/C、L/C)信用证信用证

31、:The credit is a letter issued by a bank at the request of the importer in which the bank promises to pay upon presentation of the relevant documents.In favor of 以以为受益人的为受益人的Applicant (Opener or Principal)申请人申请人: The person who instructs his bank to issue an L/C. (the importer)Opening bank (Issuing

32、bank, Establishing bank)开开证行证行: The bank that issues the creditBeneficiary受益人受益人:The exporter in whose favor the credit is openedCorrespondent band往来行、关系行往来行、关系行:The bank in the exporters country, which the opening bank sends the credit to itAdvising bank通知行通知行: The bank in the exporters country, wh

33、ich advises the exporter the L/C, is received.Amendment修改discrepancy diskrepnsi n. 不符；矛盾；相差 discrepancy in discrepancy between andvConfirming bank保兑行保兑行: The bank adds its confirmation to the credit.vReimburse偿付vnominate nmineit, vt. 推荐；提名；任命；指定 nominate sb as/ to bevUnit price单价vPartial shipment分批装

34、运vTransshipment转运vThe carrying vessel载货船只vThe uniform customs and practice of documentary credits跟单信用证统一惯例vThe relevant parties of the letter of credit and their roles in its process of operation 信用证的相关当事人及其在信用证业务中的作用vThe applicantvThe opening bankvThe advising bankvThe beneficiaryvThe negotiating b

35、ankvThe confirming bank小练习v现代信用证在现代信用证在19世纪后半叶开始采用，第世纪后半叶开始采用，第一次世界大战后得到了实质性的发展。一次世界大战后得到了实质性的发展。vModern credits were introduced in the second half of the 19th century and had substantial development after the First World War.Lesson 12 The Letter of Credit (II)Clean credit光票信用证光票信用证: The credits onl

36、y require clean draft.Non-trade settlement非贸易结算Revocable credit可撤消信用证可撤消信用证: The credits can be altered or even canceled without consulting with the beneficiary.Irrevocable credit不可撤消信用证不可撤消信用证: The credits can not be amended or revoked without the consent of all the parties concerned.vcertainty s:t

37、nti n. 必然；确实；确实的事情 have (un)certainty ofvcommitment kmitmntn. 承诺，保证；委托；承担义务；献身 take/ undertake a commitment to do sthvconsent knsentvi. 同意；赞成；答应 consent to don. 同意；（意见等的）一致；赞成 by consentConfirmed credit保兑信用证保兑信用证: The credit is confirmed by a bank other than the issuing bankLeading bank (Prime bank,

38、 First rate bank)主要银行Double assurance 双重保障双重保障Sight credit即期信用证即期信用证: The credit by which payment can be made upon presentation of the draft and impeccable documents by the beneficiary to the bank.Usance credit (Term credit, Time credit)远期信用远期信用证证:The credit by which payment cannot be made until a s

39、pecific date or a specific time after the date of after sight.Capital turnover资金周转Maturity到期，满期Discount折扣，贴现Discount charge 贴现费Face value面值Transferable credit可转让信用证可转让信用证: The credit can be transferred by the original beneficiary to one or more parties.Non-transferable credit不可转让信用证不可转让信用证: The cred

40、it can not be transferred.Middleman 中间人，中间商：trader through whom goods pass between the producer and the consumerNon-draft credit无汇票信用证无汇票信用证: The credit that payment of to be made by presentation of the documents without the formality of drawing and presenting a draft.Deferred payment延期付款Revolving c

41、redit循环信用证循环信用证: The credit stipulated that its amount can be renewed or reinstated without specific amendment to the credit being made.Insolvent无支付能力的A particular transaction一笔特定的交易vMajor types of credits and their functions, forms and mechanism 信用证的主要种类及其作用： vClean credit and documentary creditvRe

42、vocable credit and irrevocable creditvConfirmed credit and unconfirmed creditvSight credit and usance creditvTransferable credit and non-transferable creditvNon-draft creditvRevolving creditvThe limitations of the letter of credit信用证的局限性;Inability to provide absolute securityBeing more expensive tha

43、n other forms of payment小练习v对于一笔具体交易来说，信用证不一定是最理想对于一笔具体交易来说，信用证不一定是最理想的付款方式。缔约双方应根据具体情况做出最好的付款方式。缔约双方应根据具体情况做出最好的选择。的选择。vThe letter of credit may not be the most ideal method of payment for a particular transaction, and the contraction parties should make their best choice according to the specific

44、conditions.Lesson 13Major Documents Required in World TradevDocuments单据: paper, form, book, etc giving information about sth., evidence or proof of sth.vDocumentation单据的制作或使用vTake delivery of提（货）vCommercial invoice商业发票商业发票: The document is the general description of the quality and quantity of the g

45、oods and the unit and total price. vCommission佣金: payment to sb. for selling goods which increase with the quantity of goods sold.vDiscount折扣: amount of money that may be taken off the full amountvShipping marks唛头、运输标记vBill of lading提（货）单: list giving details of a ships cargo.vCargo receipt铁路运单、货运收据

46、: written statement that goods have been receivedvCarrier承运人承运人: The shipping companyvShipper货主、托运人、发货人: person who arranges for goods to be hipped.vConsignor托运人: the party in the bill of lading who arranges for the goods to be shipped.vCarriage运输，运费vLegal holder 合法持有人vConsignee收货人: the party in the

47、 bill of lading to whom the goods are shipped.vNotify party到货通知人、被通知人: the party to be advised after arrival of the goods at the port of destination.vPort of shipment发货港、装运港、起运港vAirway bill空运（提）单vRailway bill收货单（铁路）vInsurance policy保险单（大保单）: a document used for covering possible risks.vInsurance cer

48、tificate保险证书（小保单）vCertificate of quality品质证书vCertificate of weight重量证书vCertificate of quantity数量证书vCertificate of health健康证书vCertificate of disinfection消毒证书vCertificate of origin产地证书vVeterinary certificate兽医证书vCustoms invoice海关发票vConsular invoice领事发票vConsular visa领事签证vShipping advice装船通知vmajor types

49、 of documents主要单据主要单据 va. commercial invoice 商业发票vb. packing list 装相单vc. the bill of lading 提单vd.insurance policy and insurance certificate 保险单和保险证书ve.various certificate 其它各种证书小练习v商业发票，一般称商业发票，一般称“发票发票”，这种单据对，这种单据对货物的质量和数量以及单价和总价进行概货物的质量和数量以及单价和总价进行概括性的描述。括性的描述。vThe commercial invoice, generally ca

50、lled the invoice makes a general description of the quality and quantity, unit price and total value of the goods.Lesson 14 International TransportationvProductivity生产率，生产力vIn a broad sense 从广义上vTransportation and freight transportation运输和货物运输: In broad sense, transportation is defined as movement o

51、f freight and passengers from one location (place) to another. In a formal sense, freight transportation is defined as the economic movement of commodities and products and the effects of such movement on the development and advancement of business.vThe five major modes of transportation五种主五种主要运输方式要

52、运输方式 ： Water ,rail, truck, pipeline, and airvNatural product province自然产品领域vCommon carrier公共承运人公共承运人: It is privately or publicly owned companies committed to performing a movement service of the same quality for all shippers on an equal basis and without discrimination.vContract carrier契约承运人契约承运人:

53、Individual contracts may be arranged between transportation users and carriers (the transportation company).vPrivate carrier自有承运人vThree types of carrier ownership三种形式的承运人所有权vCommon carriersvContract carriersvPrivate carriersvCost economies节约成本、成本节约vIntermediate products 中间产品、半成品vFinished products制成品

54、vPer unit 每一单位vSelf-sufficient自给自足的vDeregulation放松管制vJust-in-time inventory system零库存vProduction approach生产方式vLogistics物流vThe four factors that are substantially changing transportation改变运输业的四大因素 va. transportation deregulationvb. just-in-time inventory systemsvc. competition based on high level of

55、customer servicevd. globalization of business小练习v运输对工业社会的发展和运行起着至关重要的作用vTransportation is fundamental to the development and operation of an industrial society.Lesson 15 Insurance (I)vLiterature文献，说明书vInsurance保险保险: It is a social device in which a group of individuals transfer risk and provides for

56、 payment of losses from funds contributed by all members who transferred risk.vInsured被保险人，保户被保险人，保户: The person who transfer risk.vInsurer承保人承保人: The person or a company who assume risk (the insurance company, the underwriter).vPremium保费保费: the amount paid by an insured for coverage under the contr

57、actvKnown premium已知的保险费vWithout insurance what kind of uncertainty maybe experienced by an individual or an enterprise?v Without insurance, there would be a great deal of uncertainty experienced by an individual or an enterprise, not only as to whether a loss would occur, but also as to what size it

58、 would be if it did occur.vValues exposed to loss损失的价值vPool统筹的资金，共同的款项vPooling: a combination of founds formed for common advantage vClaim索赔vClaim: a payment demanded in accordance with an insurance policyvClient客户，主顾vMargin保证金:amount above what is estimated as necessaryvDraw提取，支取vDraw up 制定 draw up

59、 a contractvRelease of funds腾出资金vJeopardy危险，风险vMulti-model多种方式的vMultinational corporation 跨国公司vMultinational enterprise 跨国企业，跨国集团（lesson4）vUnderwriter保险公司，保险人：a person who carries on insurance as a businessCargo insurance货物保险货物保险: It is an activity aimed at moving the burden of risk from the shoulde

60、rs of the exports and importers, and placing it upon the shoulders of specialist risk-bearing underwriters.Marine 海上的Marine insurance海上保险海上保险: The insurance of ships and their cargoes.小练习v货物保险是一种目的在于把风险从进口商货物保险是一种目的在于把风险从进口商和出口商的肩上转移到专门承担风险的保和出口商的肩上转移到专门承担风险的保险人一方的活动。险人一方的活动。vCargo insurance is an a