食品安全毕业设计论文外文文献翻译

1、毕业论文外文文献翻译Discussion on food supply chain management andfood quality and safetySince the 1990s, supply chain management has become the academic andbusiness circles hot topic, especially in supply chain managementsuccessfully applied to IBM, P & G, DELL, etc. after the company'smanagement, fo

2、od and agricultural industries have followed suit andSupply chain management with a tool to improve their competitiveness. 1996,Zuurbier and other scholars in general, on the basis of the supply chain,first proposed the concept of the food supply chain, and that the foodsupply chain management of ag

3、ricultural and food production and marketingorganization, food and agricultural products in order to reduce logisticscosts and improve its quality and safety and logistics service level andfor vertical integration mode of operation. Now, in the U.S., UK, Canadaand the Netherlands and other more deve

4、loped countries,production, this management model has been widely used,become the focus of academic research project.agriculturaland graduallyThe food supply chain management research has gone through three stages: the first stage of the business flow management phase, the study of agricultural prod

5、ucts and food processing enterprises, including the output of consumer spending to business before the flow phase, the content of their research is often included In the marketing context; the second stage of integrated logistics management phase, agricultural marketing, logistics management separat

6、e from, and to extend to the upstream producers of agricultural and food production process, emphasizing the production should be based on market demand and cost control throughout the supply chain; the third stage of supply chain integration management phase, the study extends further upstream to t

7、he most upstream agricultural enterprises (such as seed suppliers, etc.), the purpose is to extend the tracking and tracing of food quality and safety of agricultural products issues in order to quickly and effectively identify and solve problems. This article describes the production of different f

8、ood supply chain logistics system characteristics, and the food supply chain management with the development of food quality and safety areanalyzed and discussed.One. Food causes of supply chain managementIn recent years, the food supply chain, production and developmentof people's increasing de

9、mands for food consumption, the inevitableresult. Specifically, the causes are: (1) the consumer fresh food andagricultural products have become increasingly demanding and requiredelivery of food and agricultural products, the production period as shortas possible. (2) consumers of food and agricult

10、ural products qualityrequirements have become more sophisticated, forcing food manufacturersto implement the food supply chain management to ensure a stable supplyof raw materials upstream and downstream sales channels. (3) food qualityand safety of consumers are increasingly concerned about. In ord

11、er to meetconsumer demand for food and agricultural products in the type andquantity requirements, companies continue to seek and develop newtechnologies, and new technologies and new methods of excessive use (suchas pesticides, hormones, antibiotics and genetically modified technology,etc.) to meet

12、 the consumer demand, but also inevitably produced a hazardcausing human food quality and safety issues. This is because buyers andsellers in the market information asymmetry, consumers in the purchaseof food or agricultural products, the products do not understand thehealth, environmental and safet

13、y information. Therefore, enterprisesneed in all aspects of the production process inspection and testing ofproducts and timely disclosure of information to consumers. (4) food andagricultural companies forced the government, Relevant socialorganizations and consumer demands and pressure to press th

14、e food supplychain to operate. For example, EU regulations No. 178, as from 2004 inall EU-wide sales of food, must be implemented to track and trace foodsupply chain; the same in the United States Food and Drug Administrationregulations in the United States and abroad engaged in food production,proc

15、essing and packaging departments and related organizations in theDecember 12, 2003 to register the Food and Drug Administration for food safety tracking and tracing, on the allowed unregistered persons engaged in food production and sales. Thus, the food supply chain management is inherent in the ma

16、rket dynamics and the external pressure the government to promote the case.Two. Food supply chain, production logistics systemThe formation of the food supply chain logistics system with the changing content of closely related, particularly in the food and agricultural production logistics system ev

17、olving situation, for people to create a highly efficient food supply chain management paradigm provides the basis. According to food and agricultural products logistics stage of development, typical of the food supply chain can be divided intodumbbell-shaped, T-, symmetric and mixed four types.1dum

18、bbell food supply chain. This type of food supply chain is a quasi-strict supply chain. It is characterized by a shorter supply chain, connecting the main lot located at both ends of the transaction, while the middle of themain chain are few and fewer transactions, showing the dumbbell type. Upstrea

19、m producers have poor technical conditions, production is low and less variety, it gathered a large number of upstream agricultural producers; the same time, products from the market to close and only a single farm, it also makes the chain in Most of the main trading agricultural producers, their di

20、rect trading in the market, and little contact between producers and consumers, middlemen, so growers sell directly to consumers food and agricultural products. In developing countries, especially near urban areas, the supply of vegetables,generally using this type of supply chain.2.T type of food s

21、upply chain. This type of food supply chains are generally applicable to food and agricultural production and sales of landto the far distance, consumer demand quite different situation. As perishable agricultural products, agricultural producers can not sell their products directly, through interme

22、diaries to provide the necessary services, such as third-party logistics, agricultural processors and wholesalers provide appropriate services. This type of supply chain, upstream gathered more producers, and in the middle part of a better understanding of the origin of production, but also in the s

23、ales channels to occupy a certain advantage, but fewer vendors. Therefore, T-food supply chain and many growers, brokers and sellers and less downstream and concentrated, showing the shape of the supply chain for the T-type. And dumbbell-shaped compared to the food supply chain, which chain is longe

24、r, the sales performance of food and agricultural products and value-added services for the indirect nature. This type of food supply chains more common in China, China's agriculture industry in less developed regions, due to lack of upstream farmers to connect one end, other end of the link sal

25、es market, specializing in the processing of agricultural products among leading enterprises and the corresponding part of agricultural production often out of line with market demand. Therefore, T-middle part of the food supply chain as a low level of absence and logistics operation, prone to upstr

26、eam farmers and downstream production of agriculturalproducts sold blindly difficult phenomenon.3symmetric food supply chain. With the emergence of new sales formats, distribution channels are increasingly large-scale professional market and supermarket monopoly, the traditional sales of agricultura

27、l products and food forms have been replaced by supermarkets, and this trend is more and more obvious, and because of its technological level of agricultural products production also tends to intensive management by a few growers. Boselie.D Ahe by the Royal Thai supermarket fresh food supply chain m

28、anagement survey found that 50% of Bangkok's food and agriculturalproducts in large supermarkets (such as 7-11, Royal Ahe, Carrefour,Sainsburry and TESCO) sold of. These large supermarkets in order to meetthe market for agricultural products, quality consistency and supplystability requirements,

29、 the supplier of a rigorous screening. Therefore,the implementation of the Royal Ahe supermarket fresh food supply chainmanagement, will be vendors from the original 250 was reduced to about60, so that the logistics system more efficient and concise. With the upperreaches of the sharp drop in the nu

30、mber of suppliers of agriculturalproducts and the continuous expansion of the supermarket chain, this foodsupply chain, upstream suppliers and downstream number of supermarketchains showed symmetrical growth trend. Logistics development indeveloped and more mature cities, this has been expressed in

31、the foodsupply chain, centralized purchasing, reduce non-uniform flowdistribution and value-added logistics sectors, in order to achieve costsavings of lean logistics strategy.4 mixed food supply chain. With consumer demand for food and agricultural products market diversification, the proportion of

32、 food and agricultural processing has gradually improved. According to the statistics that the United States in 2002 raw and processed vegetables for 15% and 85%; fruit of 30% and 70%. Other countries also generally the case. Large supermarkets in order to meet consumer demand significant changes to

33、 the original by an independent enterprise engaged in specialized production of value-added aspects of "internal" and specifically the establishment of large-scale processing and distribution center for agricultural products for cleaning, sorting, in-depth processing, packaging and distrib

34、ution and other value-added services, through the implementation of HACCP in a large processing center and GMP certification process quality and health and safety, to ensure the quality of food and agricultural safety. The link is above three doesnot have the food supply chain, which is large superm

35、arkets and chain stores to respond quickly to market demands results. With upstream suppliers to enhance the strength and advantages of the processing center part of the function, such as cleaning, sorting and depth of processing and other sectors Youxiang supplier back, making the processing center

36、 focused on the processing of agricultural products and expanding the number and type of business . Therefore, this food supply chain is a comprehensive, multi-species, multi-frequency high-volume and mix of supply chain system. This food supply chain are more concerned about customer satisfaction,

37、through the processing centers to respond quickly to market demand, and real-time on agricultural products and foodstuffs "tailored" and depth of processing, in order to achieve different from the lean agile logistics logistics strategy.Three. Food supply chain tracking and food quality an

38、d safetyIn recent years, the focus of the food supply chain collaboration to ensure delivery of quality from the gradual move to reinforce the quality and safety of food and agricultural products, such as BSE, foot and mouth disease and the emergence of genetically modified foods. Agricultural produ

39、cts and food quality and safety of track without food supply chain management, so based on quality and safety of the food supply chain to track the food supply chain management has become important and difficult. Golan. E by the United States and other fresh produce, meat products, cereals and oilse

40、ed rape, and survey findings, three by the food supply chain tracking, food quality and safety in that there are great differences. The analysis of these differences, they also found that three agricultural products common food supply chain management, that there are three driving forces. This is al

41、so the corporate implementation of the food supply chain management requires analysis examines the question:1will help differentiate the marketing of food and agricultural products to improve food and agricultural sales. Through those small or can not be directly found in food quality and safety fea

42、tures, can distinguish between different types of agricultural products and food. Because in the food and agricultural products on the market not only in large single grains and meat products, but also based on consumer preferences and tastes of different tailor-made food. Some agricultural products

43、 and food quality may be easier to distinguish, while others are not easy to directly determine, even after the consumer can not immediately find its quality. For example, transgenic edible oil, if not identified, the consumer it is difficult to determine whether the oil processed from non-genetical

44、ly modified soybeans. Therefore, the quality of agricultural products and food safety and quality of the segmentationis a necessary prerequisite for differentiated marketing.2.is conducive to quality and safety of agricultural products and food tracking, reducing the cost of food and agricultural pr

45、oducts recall. Many companies have used the food supply chain tracking systems to minimize food safety system deficiencies may result in potential losses. Suppliers often have a strong economy driven, when discovered food safety hazards and quality problems are, they tend to take measures to avoid f

46、ood quality and safety issues to the companies themselves, or have a negative impact on the brand. Based on the food supply chain tracking can help businesses identify and reduce the time to clean up the food in question, for many foreign companies to reveal identifying information related to food p

47、ackaging, to facilitate the identification of consumers and identified. For example, in the United States requested the recall of most food and agricultural products have been released in the United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service's official website for consum

48、ers based on food packaging, identification information todetermine the question of food and agricultural products. Some companiesare using advanced RSS bar code system and EAN / UCC Global unifiedidentification system, more specifically reveal the identity of the foodsupply chain information, such

49、as the product of each seed, fertilizer,use of antibiotics, production time, production lines, production , theproduction technology used and the production order, and so on. Therefore,a product if there are problems, these identification information willbe able to play a significant role.Currently,

50、 the EU has adopted EAN / UCC system, successfully carriedout on beef, vegetables and other food tracking research. By usingEAN/UCC-128 bar code symbol, GLN (Global Location Number) to the foodsupply chain and the whole process of product attribute information andparticipants information for effecti

51、ve identification. Tracking andtraceability in the food, the requirements of the supply chain processin every aspect, not only to complete the processing of their productsfor identification, but also to collect the necessary processing of foodmaterials has been on the identification information, and

52、 all informationidentified in the processing of finished products, to prepare for the nextpart of a process or consumer use, in order to effectively solve the supplychain link between the weak, difficult to track and trace the problem,but also for companies to reduce by lack of clear information and

53、 goodfood will be mixed in with the poor quality of food processing with thepossibility of high-quality food.3 will help enhance and improve the supply side of logistics management. For businesses, the management of production logistics and track-related retail information (such as bar code), to hel

54、p businesses understand their food supply chain, logistics and outflow conditions for the supply chain for effective management of logistics flows. In particular, some businesses have adopted based on the quality and safetyof the food supply chain of high-tech tracking system, such as farmersuse ele

55、ctronic ear identification cards and related data collection totrack the immunization records of food and agricultural products, healthrecords and breeding records. The food supply chain information can alsomake food or agricultural products in the market for its consistentquality and price.However,

56、 the implementation of all food and agricultural productsquality and safety of the food supply chain tracking is not necessary.Van Weele, according to market information on agricultural and food needsof the food supply chain information to determine the track width, depthand accuracy. Similarly, com

57、panies in the food supply chain informationto track width, depth and accuracy also reflects on the quality and safetyof its food supply chain costs and benefits of an integrated approach.Because the information track width, depth and accuracy of a determinantof business investment in the food supply chain integration and cost. Onlywhen the benefits outweigh the costs, the firm chosen width, depth andaccuracy is the implementation