多式联运物流集装箱物流

1、 多式联运物流 集装箱货物运输 multimodal transport logistics andContainer freight transport多式联运物流一、定义（define） 多式联合运输（MultimodalTransportation）：由两种及其以上的交通工具相互衔接、转运而共同完成的运输过程统称为复合运输，我国习惯上称之为多式联运。 Join each other by two and above transport, transshipment and complete transportation are collectively referred to as co

2、mposite transport, customarily call multimodal transport in our country.多式联运物流多式联运物流二、分类（classification）按不同的原则，对多式联运可以有多种分类形式。 According to different principles, the multimodal transport can have a variety of forms of classification. 1、就其组织方式和体制来分：可分为协作式多式联运和衔接式多式联运两大类。 As to its organization and sy

3、stem : collaborative multimodal transport and multimodal transport connection 多式联运物流 三、特点(characteristics) 1.根据多式联运的合同进行操作，运输全程中至少使用两种运输方式，而且是不同方式的连续运输。 According to the multimodal transport contract, at least use two kinds of mode of transportation in the entire carriage, continuous transportation

4、and in a different way. 2.多式联运的货物主要集装箱货物，具有集装箱运输的特点。 The container multimodal transport mostly is container goods. has the characteristics of container transportation。多式联运物流 3.多式联运是一票到底，实行单一运费率的运输。发货人只要订立一份合同一次付费，一次保险，通过一张单证即可完成全程运输。 Multimodal transport is a ticket to the end, a single transport of

5、 freight rate. Shipper make a contract to pay at a time, an insurance, a documents can complete the entire transport. 4.多式联运是不同方式的综合组织，全程运输均是由多式联运经营人组织完成的。无论涉及几种运输方式，分为几个运输区段，由多式联运经营人对货运全程负责。 Multimodal transport combined different ways of organization, the entire transport are organized by the mult

6、imodal transport operator. No matter involving several ways of transportation, divided into several transportation section, the multimodal transport operator is responsible for the whole shipping.多式联运物流四、构成要素（components ）1.多式联运经营人（The multimodal transport operator）2.发货人（The shipper）3.契约承运人和实际承运人（The

7、 contract carrier and actual carrier）4.收货人（The consignee）5.多式联运合同（Multimodal transport contract）6.多式联运单据（票据）（Multimodal transport documents (notes)）多式联运物流五、业务程序（business program）接受托运申请，订立多式联运合同（Accept the shipping, make multimodal transport contract）集装箱的发放、提取及运送（The distribution, extraction and tran

8、sportation of container）出口报关（Export declaration）货物装箱及接收货物（Packing the goods and receive the goods）订舱及安排货物运送（Booking and arrange the goods delivery）多式联运物流 办理保险（Deal with insurance） 签发多式联运提单，组织完成货物的全程运输（ Issued multimodal transport bill of lading, organized the total carriage of the goods and complete

9、d） 运输过程中的海关业务（The customs business in the transportation） 货物交付（The goods delivery） 货运事故处理（Deal with the freight accident）多式联运物流六、我国多式联运的现状(the present situation of multimodal transport in our country)1缺乏多式联运法规建设涉及集装箱运输的现行法(the lack of multimodal transport legislation and the current container transp

10、ort laws and regulations)2基础设施不足(inadequate infrastructure)3多式联运系统协调不够(the multimodal transport system coordination is not enough)多式联运物流4.信息系统的不完善(information system are not complete)5.经济发展水平低(low level of economic development)6.政策管制过紧(policy control too tight )7.观念落后(The ideas of multimodal logisti

11、cs far behind)多式联运物流七、多式联运的主要形式（the main form of multimodal transport）1.陆桥运输（A land bridge transport）西伯利亚大陆桥（The Siberian continental bridge）北美大陆桥（The north American land bridge）小陆桥运输（Small land bridge transport）微桥运输（Micro bridge transport）多式联运物流2.海空联运（sea-air freight） 远东-欧洲（The far east - Europe ）

12、远东-中南美（The far east - central and South America ） 远东-中近东、非洲、澳洲( The far east - The near east, Africa, and Australia )多式联运物流案例：日本邮船公司的多式联运服务 (Case: Nippon yusen multimodal transport service of the company) 日本邮船公司（NYK）作为世界上著名的班轮公司之一，是传统的海运服务公司，该公司自1896年起便开始经营欧洲和远东的“港至港”的服务。航运业的利润下降和动荡，使NYK开始重组和改变其经营战略

13、，由单一的“港至港”服务转向更加细致周到的“多式联运”服务。 NYK集团提出了一个面向21世纪的公司战略，内部称为“NYK21”。“NYK21”的目标是使公司发展成为一个可以提供更广泛的服务种类的超级承运人。NYK战略之一是计划首先通过其下属子公司在空运、货代、仓储和公路运输的运作上的协调一致，来实现其战略联盟。. 多式联运物流 公司的目标是加强NYK的货运服务、物流活动、空运和陆上运输。NYK努力建立一个围绕海、陆、空服务的多式联运体系，以实现其目标。该战略的核心部分在于NYK不断在世界主要地区发展其物流中心。1991年NYK从联合承运集团（United Carriers Group）收购了

14、三个欧洲运输和物流公司作为其在欧洲建立物流网络体系的一部分。 NYK的物流中心遍布全球，并且不断有新的中心建立。这些中心经营的远远不止仓储服务，NYK将它们看作是集中向客户提供一定程度的物流服务的中心，如存货管理和定单处理。 NYK物流中心的经营理念是积极向客户推销，提供客户集中存货控制的好处，以达到缓解存货紧缺和减少运输设备的目的。每个中心均有陆、海、空运输的专业人才和自己的货物集中与分送的网络。NYK认为信息技术是现代物流的重要基础，并且使每个中心互相联网以提供全球货物跟踪。多式联运物流 一些NYK的物流中心甚至向客户提供更为广泛的物流服务。以新加坡中心为例，物流中心为日本电子产品制造商提

15、供“物料需求计划服务”（MRP），NYK认为这是一个物流提供者尚未开发的巨大的领域。多式联运物流 NYK practice shows the following strategy is worthy of reference: (1)change the original single species transport range, develop multimodal transport and diversified services ,according to the customersneed and improve the quality of service. (2) to s

16、trengthen the companys coordination, to avoid losses due to slow lag or convey information. (3) set up logistics center in the important areas through the world . strengthen the contact of each logistics center, to ensure customers get timely ,accurate service and information, make full use of advan

17、ced information technology to develop the function of logistics center integrated information. 集装箱货物运输一、定义 集装箱，是指具有一定强度、刚度和规格专供周转使用的大型装货容器。使用集装箱转运货物，可直接在发货人的仓库装货，运到收货人的仓库卸货，中途更换车、船时，无须将货物从箱内取出换装。 Containers have certain strength, stiffness and specifications designed for working with large cargo con

18、tainers. container can beloaded goods directly in the shippers warehouse and unloaded in the consignees warehouse,there is no need to dress up the goods removed from the box when change the car or boat.集装箱货物运输(1)按规格尺寸分:目前，国际上通常使用的干货柜有外尺寸为20英尺X8英尺X8英尺6寸，简称20尺货柜；40英尺X8英尺X8英尺6寸，简称40尺货柜； 及近年较多使用的40英尺X8英

19、尺X9英尺6寸，简称40尺高柜。 As to size:Outer size of 20 feet X8 X8 feet feet 6 inches, referred to as 20-foot container; 40 feet X8 X8 feet feet 6 inches, called 40-foot containers. And the recent use of 40 feet X8 X9 feet feet 6 inches, called 40-foot high cabinet集装箱货物运输集装箱货物运输(2)按制箱材料分:有铝合金集装箱,钢板集装箱,纤维板集装箱,玻

20、璃钢集装箱. According to the box material : aluminum containers, steel containers, fibreboard container, glass and steel containers.(3)按用途分:有干集装箱;冷冻集装箱、挂衣集装箱、开顶集装箱、框架集装箱、罐式集装箱. As to use: There are dry container; refrigerated containers, hanging clothes containers, open top containers, frames containers,

21、 tank containers.集装箱货物运输 3.集装箱运输的关系方:主要有:无船承运人,集装箱实际承运人,集装箱租赁公司,集装箱堆场和集装箱货运站等. Container transport relations side: NVOCC, container actual carrier, container leasing companies, container yards and container freight station.集装箱货物运输集装箱运输特点分析: 高效益的运输方式高效益的运输方式(Cost-effective mode of (Cost-effective mod

22、e of transport)transport) Simplified packaging, save a lot of packaging costs. 简化包装，大量节约包装费用。 Use containers can be simplified packaging, some even without package, enabling cargo transported unpackaged, can greatly save packaging costs.集装箱货物运输2、To reduce goods damage, improve freight quality. 减少货损货

23、差，提高货运质量。 Container itself is a sturdy packaging. Even after long-distance transport or repeatedly changing.It is difficult to damage the cargo box. Container transport can reduce theft, wet, dirty and so on .集装箱货物运输 3、Reduce operating costs and transportation costs 减少营运费用和运输成本 As efficient loading

24、and unloading of containers, loading and unloading time is shortened, To the ship company, can improve navigation rate and reduce shipping costs, in terms of the port, berth capacity can be increased.集装箱货物运输高效率的运输方式高效率的运输方式(Efficient mode of transport)(Efficient mode of transport) As the container h

25、andling efficiency is very high, ship turnaround accelerated greatly increased., ship production efficiency will be improved, so as to improve the transport capacity of the ship, so that high efficiency resulting in high efficiency 集装箱货物运输 高投资的运输方式高投资的运输方式(High investment mode of (High investment mo

26、de of transportation)transportation) Although container transport is an efficient mode of transportation, but it is also a kind of capital-intensive industries height. Firstly, a large investment in the container. Secondly, container transport in the port of investment is quite large.such as front,

27、yard, freight station, repair shop, the control tower, concierge, as well as container handling machinery and costly. Also need the construction, 集装箱货物运输高协作的运输方式高协作的运输方式(High collaborative mode of (High collaborative mode of transport)transport) Container transport system including ocean,land, air,port,container freight stations as well as transport-related customs, shipping agents, freight forwarders and other units and departments. improve various aspects of the transporta