基础阶段复习

1、基础阶段复习(5) 1994年Text 5【重点词汇】antibacterial（抗菌的；抗菌药）即anti+bacteria+(a)l，anti-前缀“抗”，bacteria细菌，-al后缀。innovator（创新者）即in+nov+at(e)+or，in-加强前缀，nov词根=new（元音字母替换，形近字母替换），-ate动词后缀，-or后缀表“人”，故“使事物更新的人”创新者。同根词：novel（小说；熟词僻义：新奇的）nov+el后缀。diligent（勤奋的）即di+lig+ent，di-前缀“分离”，lig词根“选择”，-ent形容词后缀。同根词：intelligent

2、intel之间+lig+ent “聪明的”。reluctant（不愿的，勉强的）即re+luct+ant，re-看作“反复”，luct可看作词根lect“选择”，-ant形容词后缀，人们反反复复地作选择，所以“勉强”。<美句诵读>Suggestion systems can work  don't be reluctant to use them.建议制度是有效的不要不愿使用它们。devote（v.奉献，致力于）即de+vote，de加强语气，vote单词“选票”，“致力于”获得选票。<美句诵读>Only to devote oneself

3、to the society can find the significance of the actually short and risky life.人生实际上是短暂而有风险的，只有献身于社会，才能找到其意义。【难句解析】Discoveries in science and technology are thought by "untaught minds" to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents.本句的主干是Discoveries are thought by. to do

4、 sth. or as sth.。在句中by "untaught minds"后面有两个并列的用or连接起来的结构作为被认为的对象。blinding flashes指“眩目的一瞬”，其实意思相当于汉语中的“灵光一闪”。<翻译>科学技术上的发现被“不知内情者”看做灵感的眩目闪现或戏剧性事件的结果。 Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.本

5、句的主干是由分号隔开的两个分句，后半句比较复杂，主语是the best players有两个并列的谓语miss和have their shot blocked，后面有一个比较结构。<翻译>创新就像踢足球，即使是最出色的球员也会痛失进球机会，其射门被挡出的机会大大多于进球的机会。 The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take the most shots at the goal  and so it goes with innovation in any field

6、of activity.本句由两个并列句构成，前面的一个的表语比较复杂，里面还有两个定语从句，分别修饰表语从句的主语和表语。破折号后面的结构较简单。理解so it goes的意思是理解本句的重点，它表示“同样的道理，同理，也一样”。<翻译>问题在于得分最多者正是那些射门次数最多的球员，而任何领域的创新活动都是如此。1995年Text 1【重点词汇】know of 知道。I don't know him, but I know of him.我不认识他，但听说过他。distribution (分配)enormously （巨大地）live up

7、to 做到；不辜负。subtly（精细地；微妙地），形容词形式为subtle。<美句诵读>Men always want to be a women's first love; women have a more subtle instinct; what they like is to be a man's last romance.男人总想成为女人的第一个恋人，女人则具有更微妙的本能，她希望成为男人追求的最后一个对象。 <写作句型> an effective way to fight . 遏制.的一个有效方法<写作

8、句型>has the good sense  to . 有良好的意识.<写作句型>It is the surest proof I know that . 我认为这是最可靠的证明，即.<写作句型>There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. 我觉得有一点还得谈一谈。 【难句解析】It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereb

9、y establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.本句的主干是It serves. to assist. distribution.，而thereby后面是两个由and连接起来的分词短语作补语，里面又有一个make+it+adj.+to do sth.的结构。<翻译>它直接有助于商品以合理的价格销售，由此建立稳固的国内市场，并使商品能以富有竞争力的价格出口。 If its message were confined

10、merely to information  and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention.本句的主句是一个if引导的虚拟语气If its message were confined

11、 merely to information, advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention。两个破折号中间的部分是一个补充说明成分。<翻译>如果广告的内容仅仅限于提供信息（虽说这不是不可能做到的，但它本身也是很难做的，因为哪怕是挑衬衫颜色这样的细节也带有几分劝诱性），那广告会令人生厌，以致没人再去理会。基础阅读复习(7) Some minds seem almost to create themselves, springing up under every disadvantage

12、 and working their solitary but irresistible way through a thousand obstacles.有些人仿佛自己创造自己在每次逆境中崛起，穿过重重阻碍，孤独但义无反顾地开辟自己的道路。1995年 Text 2【重点词汇】external（外部的），反义词为internal（内部的）。<美文朗读> Everybody acts not only under external compulsion but also in accordance with inner necessity.每个人的行动都不仅处于外部的推动，也同样依据

13、内在的需要。signpost（路标）sign+post。landmark（界标）land+mark。obstacle（障碍）即ob+st+acle，ob-前缀“阻碍”，st词根=stand，-acle后缀表物，“站在那里阻碍的东西”障碍。<美文朗读> Victory is not the end but a phase to the end. It is no more than the removal of obstacles.胜利不是目的而是达到目的的一个阶段。它不过是对障碍的消除。<美文朗读> obstacles  things a perso

14、n sees when they take their mind off their goal 障碍当一个人的大脑脱离自己的目标时所看到的东西。Curiosity （好奇心；熟词僻义：古玩）即curios+ity，curios(=curious)好奇的，-ity名词后缀。<美文朗读> There are two sorts of curiosity  the momentary and the permanent. The momentary is concerned with the odd appearance on the surfac

15、e of things. The permanent is attracted by the amazing and consecutive life that flows on beneath the surface of things.有两种好奇心一种是短暂的，一种是永久的。短暂的好奇心关注事物表面的奇异外观；永久的好奇心被事物表面之下流动着的令人惊讶并连续的生命所吸引。<美文朗读> curiosity  the key to creativity a willing, a proud, an eager confession of ignoran

16、ce the first step to betrayal 好奇心打开创造力的钥匙 心甘情愿地、自豪地、急切地承认自己的无知 背叛的第一步。 难句解析：The workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts

17、.本句破折号前面是三个并列的名词词组，其核心词是the workers，the student和the foreigner，它们后面都有一个定语从句，而破折号后面的部分是一个简单的主系表结构。注意破折号前面的只是一些例子，在看不懂的情况下可以跳过，当然如果能够精确理解它们的意思对理解作者把成长视为一种过程也有帮助。<翻译>工人得到升迁，学生成绩得到提高，外国人学会一门新的语言这些都可表明人们付出努力之后，取得了可衡量的成绩。 The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings

18、people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles.本句主干结构就是not. but，注意but后面的成分较复杂，有四个并列的成分attitudes，feelings，caution，courage，在它们的后面有一个时间状语从句。<翻译>成长过程不是道路本身，而是当遭遇新的情况或未曾预料的坎坷时所持的态度和情感，是慎重行事还是勇往直前。基础阶段复习(8) 1995年Text 3【重点词汇】subconsciously（下意识地）

19、sub下+conscious有意识的+ly。stockpile（v.n.积蓄，贮存）stock存储+pile堆积。expertise（专门知识）expert专家+ise后缀，“专家所掌握的东西”。participant（参与者）即parti+cip+ant，parti(=part)，cip(=cap)抓，-ant后缀表人，“抓取部分东西的人”参与分享的人参与者。facilitate（使便利）即fac+il(e)+it+ate，fac=fic词根“做”，-ile后缀“易于的”，-it-去做, -ate动词后缀，“易于去做”使便利。名词形式为facility（熟练）；facilities（设施；便

20、利条件）。<美句诵读>It would facilitate matters if you were more co-operative.如果你再合作一点的话，事情就变得更容易了。breakdown（n.崩溃；故障）break+down。a nervous breakdown 神经衰弱。dominant（支配的，占优势的）domin+ant，domin可以看成是domain的变形，意为“领域”，-ant后缀。predominance（优势）。 【难句解析】As families move away from their stable community, the

21、ir friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.本句较难，首先应该看到主句就是the informal flow of information is cut off，前面的部分是一个as引导的伴随/原因从句，而

22、在主句后面的只是一个名词性的词组，其核心词是the confidence，前面的with it是个介词结构修饰the confidence，后面的that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable只不过是the confidence的同位语。因为and并列，在句末的地方 “is cut off”被省略。另外注意and with it the confidence中的it指代的是整个主句the informal flow of information is cut off

23、。<翻译>随着家庭远离稳定的社区、多年的朋友以及他们大家庭的关系，非正式的信息交流被切断了。同时在需要时就能得到可靠可信的信息的信心也随之丧失了。 The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time-consuming, and sometimes even

24、 overwhelming.本句由两个并列的子句构成，之间以and连接。前面的有一个more. than.的结构，而后面的主干是the task is complicated, time-consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming。主语task后面的介词of的宾语比较长finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem，其中that用来强调one piece of information，relevant to his or her specific

25、 problem又是形容词结构修饰information。<翻译>今天，个人可获得的信息比任何时代的人都多，而要找到一条与自己问题相关的信息既复杂又耗时，有时甚至相当困难。基础阶段复习(9) 1995年 text 4【重点词汇】inherent（固有的；天生的）即in+her(e)+ent，in-在里面，here词根“黏着”=stick，-ent形容词后缀，“黏着在里面的”固有的。同根词：adhere（v.黏附；坚持）ad(=to)+here；coherent（黏着的）co(=together)+her(e)+ent。profound（深刻的；渊博的）即pro+

26、found，pro-向前，found词根“基底”（如foundationfound+ation基础），“向前直探到底的”渊博的。The opposite of a correct statement is a false statement. But the opposite of a profound truth may well be another profound truth.一种正确说法的对立物是一种错误的说法。一种深刻的真理的对立物则很可能是另一种深刻的真理。soak up 吸收。marathon（马拉松）用谐音记。这种全长421954米的长跑比赛，是对运动员体力与意志力

27、的考验。rejoice（使欣喜）即re+joice，re-反复，joice=joy，“使反复高兴”使欣喜。Why is it that we rejoice at a birth and grieve at a funeral? Is it because we are not the person concerned?为什么我们在有人出生时高兴，在有人入葬时悲伤？是否由于自己不是当事者？disproportionate（不成比例的）即dis+proportion+ate，dis-否定前缀，proportion比例，-ate此处为形容词后缀。Literature happens to be t

28、he only occupation in which wages are not given in proportion to the goodness of the work done.文学碰巧是唯一的这么一种职业，其报酬与所做工作的优异不成比例。preoccupation（全神贯注）即pre+occup(y)+ation，pre-在前，occupy占据，-ation名词后缀，“在别的事物前占据注意力”全神贯注。consideration（考虑；体谅；需考虑的事）consider考虑+ation；considerate（考虑周到的；体谅的）consider+ate。Labor is the

29、 superior of capital, and deserves much the higher consideration.劳动高于资本，理应得到多得多的报酬。A child that lives with sharing learns to be considerate.同意分享的孩子知道为人着想。【难句解析】But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major facto

30、r in the lives of their children.本句的主干是. the environment must also have a profound effect。后面的since引导一个原因状语从句，而这个从句又是一个if引导的条件主从复合句。注意profound的词义为“意义深远的”。另外要看到最后一个逗号后面的it所指代的是competition。<翻译>但环境也一定对其有深刻的影响，因为如果竞争对父母来说很重要的话，那它也可能成为孩子生活中的一个重要因素。The merits of competition by examination are somewha

31、t questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.本句由两个子句构成，中间有一个but表示意思的转折。要正确理解本句，重点在于抓住单词的正确意思。questionable可疑的，值得疑问的；而后面的knowledge如果理解成“知识”那么这句话就怎么也看不懂了，在这里它的意思应该是“知道，知晓”，因此in the knowledge of应被理解为“在了解的情况下”。<翻译>以考试竞争这种做法的好处本身有点值得怀疑，而明知有人考试会通不过的情况下还要进行

32、竞争，则肯定是有害的。基础阶段复习(10) 1995年Text 5【重点词汇】subsequent（随后的）sub+sequ+ent，sub-在下，sequ(=follow)词根“跟随”，-ent形容词后缀。Be sure not to tell a first falsehood, and you needn't fear being detected in any subsequent ones.千万别说第一个谎话，这样就不用害怕在随后的谎话中被人发现。duration（持久；持续时间）即dur+ation，dur词根“持续”，-ation名词后缀。同根词：durable

33、（持久的）dur+able可的；endurance（持久力；忍耐力）en使+dur+ance。It is not the strength but the duration of great sentiment that makes great men.造就伟人的不是力量，而是伟大情操的持久。contemporary（当代的；同时代的；同时代的人）con+tempor+ary，con-一起，tempor看作temper（性情），-ary后缀，“性情相同的（人）就是同时代的（人）”。Most contemporary books give the impression of having bee

34、n manufactured in a day, out of books read the day before.大部分当代书籍给人的印象，是花一天工夫用前一天读过的书加工而成的。I don't go along with all this talk of a generation gap. We're all contemporaries. There's only a difference in memories, that's all.我对代沟这种说法完全不能苟同。我们都是同时代的人，只是记忆有所不同，仅此而已。【难句解析】Constant practi

35、ce has such as effect on memory as to lead to skilful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words.本句的主干很简单，就是Constant practice has. effect on memory，主要的结构是such as. as.，在后一个as的后面有一个不定式，而这个不定式有三个并列的宾语to skilful performance on the piano, to recit

36、ation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words，注意这里的三个to都是介词，和动词lead构成词组。注意先抓主干结构，另外要注意such as. as.是一种举例子的形式。<翻译>反复练习对记忆有很大影响，可以使人们熟练地演奏钢琴、背诵诗歌、乃至总结和理解这些词句。基础阶段复习(10) 1995年Text 5【重点词汇】subsequent（随后的）sub+sequ+ent，sub-在下，sequ(=follow)词根“跟随”，-ent形容词后缀。Be sure not to tell

37、a first falsehood, and you needn't fear being detected in any subsequent ones.千万别说第一个谎话，这样就不用害怕在随后的谎话中被人发现。duration（持久；持续时间）即dur+ation，dur词根“持续”，-ation名词后缀。同根词：durable（持久的）dur+able可的；endurance（持久力；忍耐力）en使+dur+ance。It is not the strength but the duration of great sentiment that makes great men.造就

38、伟人的不是力量，而是伟大情操的持久。contemporary（当代的；同时代的；同时代的人）con+tempor+ary，con-一起，tempor看作temper（性情），-ary后缀，“性情相同的（人）就是同时代的（人）”。Most contemporary books give the impression of having been manufactured in a day, out of books read the day before.大部分当代书籍给人的印象，是花一天工夫用前一天读过的书加工而成的。I don't go along with all this tal

39、k of a generation gap. We're all contemporaries. There's only a difference in memories, that's all.我对代沟这种说法完全不能苟同。我们都是同时代的人，只是记忆有所不同，仅此而已。【难句解析】Constant practice has such as effect on memory as to lead to skilful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and

40、understanding these words.本句的主干很简单，就是Constant practice has. effect on memory，主要的结构是such as. as.，在后一个as的后面有一个不定式，而这个不定式有三个并列的宾语to skilful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words，注意这里的三个to都是介词，和动词lead构成词组。注意先抓主干结构，另外要注意such as. as.是一种举例子的形式。

41、<翻译>反复练习对记忆有很大影响，可以使人们熟练地演奏钢琴、背诵诗歌、乃至总结和理解这些词句。基础阶段复习(11) 1996年Text 1【重点词汇】tight-lipped（沉默寡言的）。blueprint（蓝图）blue+print。intelligently（聪明地，明智地）即intel+lig+ent+ly，intel-“在之间”（=inter-，因后接l，故r变形为l），lig词根“选择”=lect，-ent形容词后缀，-ly副词后缀，故“具有从中挑选出所需之物的能力”聪明地。Philosophy is a study that lets us be unhap

42、py more intelligently.哲学是让我们更聪明地不快乐的一门学问。The computer is not intelligent at all, but very stupid indeed, and that, in fact, is one of its great values its blind stupidity.计算机一点都不聪明，反而实在非常愚蠢，实际上，这才是它的非凡价值之一它的盲目的愚蠢。tangible（确实的；有形的）即tang+ible，tang拼音“糖”方糖方糖是方的方糖是“有形的”。tangible assets 有形资产；tangible results 确实的成就。secure（安全的v.获得；防卫）Freedom of opinion can only exist when the government thinks itself secure.言论自由只有在政府认为自己安全时才能存在。He that publishes a book runs a very great hazard, since nothing can be more impossible than to compose one that may secure the approbation of every reader.出版一本书的人冒