史话文化规范

1、571Translation Week 1. Introduction 授课教师：穆凤良，翻译学博士，中国翻译协会专家会员 请用书桌上的黄卡做一份： Student Information Card392Teaching PlannWeek 1.翻译史话、文化、nWeek 2.错位翻译目的nWeek 3.翻译规范n理解与表达nWeek 4.词法与翻译nWeek 5.英汉句法比较1nWeek 6.英汉句法比较nWeek 7.文学翻译nWeek 8.文学翻译nWeek 9.科技翻译与文学翻译的异同nWeek 10.科技与社会责任专题翻译 nWeek 11.广告翻译nWeek 12.汉译英nWeek

2、 13.汉译英nWeek 14.口译笔译比较n Week 15.电影案例+理论研讨nWeek 16 Written Translation, Dictionary is welcome to aid in the exam.393OutlinenCourse DescriptionnWhat is TranslationnWhy Translation is Difficult? 翻译与文化翻译与文化nReflections on What Translators Actually Do(许建平2007: 12)nSummary394aim:nThis translation class is

3、n一个令人愉快的场所:nan amusing place n用智慧丈量世界的地方nwhere the world is to be measured with intelligence. n翻译共享，知而获智，智达高远。nTranslation is to share knowledge and intelligence, which helps us go far. nHere two cultures and more classmates meet with a mission for epiphany真情, intuitive knowledge良知，aesthetics美感, or

4、poetic beauty诗情画意, as well as science, to develop oral and written as well as social skills to a stage where they will be able to serve as effective and responsible intermediaries between texts (and speakers) in English and Chinese, based on fact that Languages, like cultures, are rarely sufficient

5、unto themselves. The necessities of intercourse bring the speakers of one language into direct or indirect contact with those of neighboring or culturally dominant languages (Sapir 1921) and bring us together.nMy Qualification:395nMy Qualification: PhD in TranslationnComment from previous classes:nF

6、or many years, I got a lot of criticism from students in my translation class. Id like to share with you some criticism from some previous classes. nWhich kind of criticism would you like to see? Positive or negative one?396n Comment from previous translation classes:nIts a class unique & unconventi

7、onal, which inspires us to find that translation class can be fun and fascinating, so we do not feel boring, and consequently we quit the habit of skipping classes.nAll the influence comes from his intelligence and humor as a professor in Tsinghua University, which may be a general feature to all st

8、aff, only the rest of the teachers are either too rigid or too serious. nI dont think there is any necessity to change his teaching style, in which we can feel his passion and “heart”. As a result, we really enjoy his class and feel that time flies fast. nFinally, were so glad to be his student as w

9、e have gained so much knowledge and understanding.n相信会有收获，请举手。 What is Translation? 397Course Evaluation-See “Learn Tsinghua”n平时成绩：4个作业+ 1 presentation +1 default，每个10分，共60分n期末半开卷考试40，只考笔译（英译汉25，汉译英15）。n笔译H1C1Tr; H1C2Tr; H1C3Tr，每位都主译，自愿找“译审”搭挡H1C1Re; H1C2Re; H1C3Re 。 n自愿搭挡4人一组，组合名单和电邮报给：nf-n (Show t

10、his page in W1-W3) What is Translation? 3981）翻译自选课题報告形式: 四人一組，建议格式：样本见课程文件栏目。2）平时笔译作业同样四人一組，每次每组两人主译，两人主评，下一轮作业再颠倒，提交笔译时各自提交。作业中鼓励运用以下翻译规律：the principle of causality,因果律、 the principle of sequence,先后律、the principle of size大小律、the principle of importance轻重律、the principle of phrase coagulation 凝固律、the

11、 principle of rhythm and rhyme,音韵律、(赵元任译诗)the principle of parallel coupling骈偶律、the principle of abstract and concrete虚实律the principle of logical connotation in tense时态逻辑意义、Contrast of English and Chinese from the syntax to the discourse in news report and letter correspondence, 从句法到篇章的英汉新闻体或书信体的语篇差

12、异对比。本课作业前4个为笔译，第5个作业是翻译自选课题研究PPT课堂展示。1.问题缘起 2.理论假设3 双语对比 4.作业结语5.参考书目399Restate (words) from one language into another languageChange from one form or medium into anotherMake sense of a languageBring to a certain spiritual stateChange the position of (figures or bodies) in space without rotationBe e

13、quivalent in effect3910nAscertain:nJohn saw a girl with a binocular.n歧义：n约翰看见了一个带着望远镜的女孩。n约翰用望远镜看见了一个女孩。n温宾利当代句法学导论北京：外语教学与研究出版社2002:33911Rephrase RewordParaphrase,Paraphrasis释义释义,意译意译变换措辞变换措辞express the same message in different wordsRewording for the purpose of classification3912Interpret3913What

14、is Translation? Cf. 许建平2003: 6nWhat is Translation? Translation is not an aimless coincidence. nTo the students of Fine Arts, translation is like a painting. nTo the students of Chinese Literature, translation is like a comparison, for Literature is always comparative and intertextual. nTo the stude

15、nts of science, translation is like a specification.nTo all students, you also have to proceed a reasoning process in translation. 3914What is Translation? Cf. 许建平2003: 6nWhat is Translation? It isnThe process of transforming text from one language into a text in another language that is, nin some s

16、ense, equivalent to that in a first languagenin some sense, a good text in its own right.nIt is what translators do.3915First Wave in China： Buddhist Script Translation天竺舍卫国耶婆缇国瓜达卢佩岛 4 minn“五失本” ：1“胡语尽倒，而使从秦”；2“胡经尚质，秦人好文，传可众心，非文不合”；3,4,5削繁从简，删冗求显。 n“三不易” ：1删雅古以适今时；2“愚智天隔”，要照顾信徒的接受能力；3阿罗汉结集佛经尚且不易，凡人译

17、经更难传神 n译场“八备”：1(ethic)：诚心爱法，志愿益人，不惮久时。2(ethic)：将践觉场，先牢戒足，不染讥恶。3(精通佛学)：筌晓三藏，义贯两乘，不苦闇滞。4L：旁涉坟史，工缀典词，不过鲁直。5(ethic)：襟抱平恕，器量虚融，不好专执。6(ethic)：沈于道术，澹于名利，不欲高衒。7L：要识梵言，乃闲正译，不坠彼学。8L：薄阅苍雅，粗安篆隶，不昧此文。彦琮彦琮3916玄奘 “五不翻” 6 minn“五不翻”：“秘密故”、“含多义故”、“无此故”、“顺古故”、“生善故”n胡僧 猢狲孙猴子 孙悟空 陈寅恪：“西游记玄奘弟子故事之演变” nSecond Wave: around

18、the Opium WarsnThird Wave: Since 1979 up to now3917Second Wave: around the Opium WarsnThree forces newly-born in China since the Opium Wars:n“求强”、“求富”：洋务派：nThe Westernization Group n维新派：nreformists n辛亥革命志士：nrevolutionistsn总理衙门北京同文馆Beijing Interpreters College attached to the Ministry of Foreign Affa

19、irsn(直隶总督)李鸿章nGovernor General of The Capital Province3918Translations History 翻译史话翻译史话n“中学为体，西学为用中学为体，西学为用”?nChinese learning for fundamental principles; Western learning for practical application. nChinese learning for essence; Western learning for use. n“师夷长技” 以制夷n“make use of Western learning ag

20、ainst barbarians“nThe Westernization Group was successful for 30 years, it failed when the Northern Navy surrendered to Japan in 1895 Sino- Japanese War.n1902年起废八股、停武科考试。 1905年清廷废除科举，中国实行近代教育。n“学无中西学无中西”?nAcademic study is universal with no necessity to label Chinese or West. 3919nWII-Translation Ro

21、om At FBIs Bureau in Portland, Oregon (CIA Photo)3920nHerbert Yardley(1889-1958) a code clerk in the code room of the Signal Corps, the “Cipher Bureau“, a cryptological密码 section, was specialized in decoding Japanese, whose belligerence toward China jeopardized Americas Open Door policy. Its emigran

22、ts exacerbated恶化American racism. Its naval growth menaced American power in the western Pacific. Its commercial expansion threatened American dominance of Far Eastern markets. Henry L. Stimson was Secretary of State under President Hoover. When he found out about Yardley and the Cipher Bureau, he wa

23、s furious and withdrew funding, summing up his argument with “Gentlemen do not read each others mail.“ MI-8 closed its doors for good on 31 October 1929 just two days after the stock market crashed and the Great Depression began. He published The American Black Chamber (1931), thus he was never again given a position of trust in the U.S. government. His another cryptographic memoir, The Chinese Black Chamber (about his work in Chongqing 15min), was finally published in