北京2021年高考英语试卷北京卷含答案

1、2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京卷英语试卷本试卷共11页，共100分.考试时长90分钟.考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.Recently,Itookatriphomebytrain.Igotaseatoppositeamiddle-agedmanwithsharpeyeswhokept1ayoungwomaninawindowseatwithalitt

2、leboyonherlap.Thewomanseyefellonthemansface,andsheimmediatelylookeddownand2herscarf.Asthenightworeon,peoplebegantoclosetheireyesbuttheseatsweresouncomfortablethatonlyaveryheavysleepercouldmanagetogetany3.Thewomanlookedoverattheman.Hewasstillstaringather.Shelookedbackathimwithfireinhereyes.Iwasbeginn

3、ingtoget4,too.Thetrainmovedon.Thelittleboywas5awakeonhismotherslap,butthewomandroppedofftosleep.Amomentlater,hebeganto6thehalf-openwindowonelegwentoverit.Themanjumpedupand7thechildjustbeforehefellout.The8wokeupthewoman.Sheseemedtobein9andthenrealitydawned（显现）.“Yourchildhasbeenlookingforanopportunity

4、toclimboutofthewindow,themansaidashegavethechildbacktoher.”SoIhavebeenwatchingthewholetime.Thewomanwas10,andsowasI.1. A.guiding2. A.adjustedB.botheringB.changedC.watchingC.packedD.monitoringD.waved3.A.airB.joyC.spaceD.rest4.A.nervousB.embarrassedC.angryD.disappointed5.A.almostB.stillC.hardlyD.even6.

5、A.dragB.climbC.knockD.push7.A.grabbedB.rockedC.touchedD.picked8.A.alarmB.quarrelC.riskD.noise9.A.sorrowB.reliefC.panicD.pain10.A.astonishedB.confusedC.concernedD.inspired第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空.在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Whydowedream?Scientistsarentcompletelysure,a

6、ndtheyhavediverse11(idea).Dreamsmightbeasideeffectofmemorymaking.Whenyousleep,yourbrainsortsthrougheverything12happenedduringtheday,tryingtolinknewexperiencestooldmemories.Asit13(connect)things,yourbraintumsthemintoastory,andyougetadream.B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空.在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空

7、。Samisanin-real-lifestreamer(播主),andhelivestreamshimselfjustgoingabouthisday.Whileridinghisbikehome14acoldnight,hecameacrossasad-lookingelderlywomanwanderingthestreetsbyherself.Thepoorwomanwasntabletogivehimanyinformationabout15shelived.Samwalkedhertoanearbyconveniencestoresothatshecould16(safe)wait

8、forthepolicetotakeherhome.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空.在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。There17(be)adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast20years,18(cause)largelybyrisingglobaltemperatures,accordingtoanewreportfromtheUnitedNations.From2000to2019,therewere7,348majornaturaldisasters

9、aroundtheworld,19(result)inUSD2,970billionineconomicloss.Muchofthisincreasecanbeduetoclimatechange.Thefindingsshowacriticalneed20(invest)indisasterprevention.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.AIfyouareplanningtostartacareerinthefieldofeducation,scienc

10、e,orculture,thenaninternship（实习）atUNESCOwillbeidealforyou.Whocanapply?Youhavecompletedyourfull-timeuniversitystudies;orYouarestudyinginagraduateprogramforamastersdegree.Applicantsintechnicalassignmentsmusthavereachedthelastyearoftheirstudiesinatechnicalinstitution.Whataretherequirements?Youmustbeatl

11、east20yearsold.Youshouldhaveagoodcommand（掌握）ofeitherEnglishorFrench.Youmusthaveanexcellentknowledgeofoffice-relatedsoftware.Youshouldbeabletoworkwellinateamandadapttoaninternationalworkingenvironment.Youshouldpossessstronginterpersonalandcommunicationskills.Whatdoyouneedtoprepare?Visa:Youshouldobtai

12、nthenecessaryvisas.Travel:Youmustarrangeandfinanceyourtraveltoandfromthelocationwhereyouwilldoyourinternship.Medicalinsurance:Youmustshowproofofacomprehensivehealthinsurancevalid（有效的）inthetargetcountryfortheentireperiodoftheinternship.UNESCOwillprovidelimitedinsurancecoverageuptoUSD30,000fortheinter

13、nshipperiod.Medicalcertificate:Youmustprovideamedicalcertificateindicatingyouarefittowork.Motivationletter:Youshouldhaveyourmotivationletterreadybeforefillingouttheapplicationform.YourapplicationwillbeaccessedbyUNESCOmanagersandwillstayinourdatabaseforsixmonths.Wedonotrespondtoeverycandidate.Ifselec

14、ted,youwillbecontactedbyamanager.Ifyoudonotreceiveanyupdatewithinsixmonths,itmeansthatyourapplicationhasnotbeensuccessful.21. Accordingtothispassage,applicantsarerequiredto.A. holdamastersdegreeinscienceB. haveinternationalworkexperienceC. befluentineitherEnglishorFrenchD. presentaletterfromatechnic

15、alinstitution22. WhatwillUNESCOprovidefortheinternshipperiod?A. Limitedmedicalinsurancecoverage.B. Trainingincommunicationskills.C. Amedicalcertificateforwork.D. Financialsupportfortravel.23. Whatshouldapplicantsdobeforefillingouttheapplicationform?A.ContactUNESCOmanagers.B.GetaccesstothedatabaseC.K

16、eepamotivationletterathand.D.Workinateamforsixmonths.BIrememberthedayduringourfirstweekofclasswhenwewereinformedaboutoursemester（学期）projectofvolunteeringatanon-profitorganization.Whentheteacherintroducedustothedifferentorganizationsthatneededourhelp,mylastchoicewasOperationIraqiChildren（OIC）.Myfirst

17、impressionoftheorganizationwasthatitwasnotgoingtomakeenoughofadifferencewiththeplansIhadinmind.Then,anOICrepresentativegaveussomedetailswhichsomewhatinterestedme.Afterdoingsomeresearch,Ibelievedthatwecouldreallydosomethingforthosekids.WhenIwentonlinetotheOICwebsite,IsawpicturesoftheIraqichildren.The

18、irfacesweresopowerfulinsendingamessageoftheirdespair（绝望）andneedthatIjoinedthisprojectwithouthesitation.Wedecidedtocollectasmanyschoolsuppliesaspossible,andmakethemintokitsonekit,onechild.Themostrewardingdayforourgroupwasprojectday,whenalltheeffortsweputintocollectingtheitemsfinallycametogether.WhenI

19、sawthevarioussupplieswehadcollected,ithitmethateverykitweweretobuildthatdaywouldeventuallybeinthehandsofanIraqichild.Overthepastfourmonths,IhadneverimaginedhowIwouldfeelonceourprojectwascompleted.Whilemakingthekits,IrealizedthatIhadlostsightofthetruemeaningbehindit.Ihadonlyfocusedonthefactthatitwasa

20、notherschoolprojectandoneIwantedtogetagoodgradeon.Whenthekitswerecompleted,andreadytobesentoverseas,thewarmfeelingIhadwasoneIwouldneverforget.Inthebeginning,Idaredmyselftomakeadifferenceinthelifeofanotherperson.Nowthatourprojectisover,IrealizethatIhaveaffectednotonlyonelife,butten.Withourefforts,ten

21、youngboysandgirlswillnowbeabletofurthertheireducation.24. HowdidtheauthorfeelaboutjoiningtheOICprojectinthebeginning?A. Itwouldaffecthis/herinitialplans.B. Itwouldinvolvetravelingoverseas.CItwouldnotbringhim/heragoodgrade.D.Itwouldnotliveuptohis/herexpectations.25. Whatmainlyhelpedtheauthorchangehis

22、/herattitudetowardtheproject?A.ImagesofIraqichildren.B.Researchbyhis/herclassmates.C.Ateachersintroduction.D.Arepresentativescomments.26. TheauthorsOICprojectgroupwouldhelptenIraqichildrento.A.becomeOICvolunteersB.furthertheireducationC.studyinforeigncountriesD.influenceotherchildren27. Whatcanwecon

23、cludefromthispassage?A. Onespotentialcannotalwaysbeunderrated.B. Firstimpressioncannotalwaysbetrusted.C. Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.D. Hewhohesitatesislost.CHundredsofscientists,writersandacademicssoundedawarningtohumanityinanopenletterpublishedlastDecember:Policymakersandtherestofusmustengageopenl

24、ywiththeriskofglobalcollapse.Researchersinmanyareashaveprojectedthewidespreadcollapseas“acrediblescenario（情景）thiscentury.Asurveyofscientistsfoundthatextremeweatherevents,foodinsecurity,andfreshwatershortagesmightcreateglobalcollapse.Ofcourse,ifyouareanon-humanspecies,collapseiswellunderway.Thecallfo

25、rpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworldsmosttechnologicallyadvancednations.Notverylongago,itwasalsounthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility.Theinternatio

26、nalscholarswarningletterdoesntsayexactlywhatcollapsewilllooklikeorwhenitmighthappen.Collapseology,thestudyofcollapse,ismoreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeverydaycivilization.Amongthesignatories（签署者）ofthewarningwasBobJohnson,theoriginatorofthe“ecologicalfootprintconcept,whichme

27、asuretotalamountofenvironmentalinputneededtomaintainagivenlifestyle.Withthecurrentfootprintofhumanity,“itseemsthatglobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform,possiblywithinadecade,certainlywithinthiscentury,Johnsonsaidinanemail.“Onlyifwediscusstheconsequencesofourbiophysicallimits,elteDecemberwarningl

28、says,“canwehavethehopetoreducetheirspeed,severityandharm”.Andyetmessengersofcomingdisturbancearelikelytobeignored.Weallwanttohopethingswillturnoutfine.Asapoetwrote,Manisavictimofdope（麻醉品）Intheincurableformofhope.Thehundredsofscholarswhosignedtheletterareintent（执着）onquietinghopethatignorespreparednes

29、s.Letslookdirectlyintotheissueofcollapse,“theysay,“anddealwiththpossibilitiesofwhatweseetheretomakethebestofatroublingfuture.”28. Whatdoestheunderlinedword“germaneinParagraph3probablymean?A.Scientific.B.Credible.C.Original.D.Relevant.29. Asforthepublicawarenessofglobalcollapse,theauthoris.A.worriedB

30、.puzzledC.surprisedD.scared30. Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Thesignatoriesmaychangethebiophysicallimits.B. Theauthoragreeswiththemessageofthepoem.C. Theissueofcollapseisbeingprioritized.D. Theglobalcollapseiswellunderway.DEarlyfifth-centuryphilosopherSt.Augustinefamouslywrotethatheknewwhattimewas

31、unlesssomeoneaskedhim.AlbertEinsteinaddedanotherwrinklewhenhetheorizedthattimevariesdependingonwhereyoumeasureit.Todaysstate-of-the-artatomic（原子的）clockshaveprovenEinsteinright.Evenadvancedphysicscantdecisivelytelluswhattimeis,becausetheanswerdependsonthequestionyoureasking.Forgetabouttimeasanabsolut

32、e.Whatif,insteadofconsideringtimeintermsofastronomy,werelatedtimetoecology?Whatifweallowedenvironmentalconditionstosetthetempo（节奏）ofhumanlife?WereincreasinglyawareofthefactthatwecantcontrolEarthsystemswithengineeringalone,andrealizingthatweneedtomoderate（调节）ouractionsifwehopetoliveinbalance.Whatifou

33、rdefinitionoftimereflectedthat?Recently,Iconceptualizedanewapproachtotimekeepingthatsconnectedtocircumstancesonourplanet,conditionsthatmightchangeasaresultofglobalwarming.WerenowbuildingaclockattheAnchorageMuseumthatreflectsthetotalflowofseveralmajorAlaskanrivers,whicharesensitivetolocalandglobalenv

34、ironmentalchanges.Weveprogrammedittomatchanatomicclockifthewaterwayscontinuetoflowattheirpresentrate.Iftheriversrunfasterinthefutureonaverage,theclockwillgetaheadofstandardtime.Iftheyrunslower,youllseetheoppositeeffect.Theclockregistersbothshort-termirregularitiesandlong-termtrendsinriverdynamics.It

35、sasortofobservatorythatrevealshowtheriversarebehavingfromtheirowntemporalframe（时间框架）,andallowsustowitnessthosechangesonoursmartwatchesorphones.AnyonewhooptstogoonAlaskaMeanRiverTimewillliveinharmonywiththeplanet.Anyonewhoconsidersrivertimeinrelationtoatomictimewillencounteramajorimbalanceandmaybemot

36、ivatedtocounteractitbyconsuminglessfuelorsupportinggreenerpolicies.Evenifthismethodoftimekeepingisnovelinitsparticulars,earlyagriculturalsocietiesalsoconnectedtimetonaturalphenomena.Inpre-ClassicalGreece,forinstance,people“correctedofficialcalendarsbyshiftingdatesforwardorbackwardtoreflectthechangeo

37、fseason.Temporalconnectiontotheenvironmentwasvitaltotheirsurvival.Likewise,rivertimeandothertimekeepingsystemsweredevelopingmayencourageenvironmentalawareness.WhenSt.Augustineadmittedhisinabilitytodefinetime,hehighlightedoneoftimesmostnoticeablequalities:Timebecomesmeaningfulonlyinadefinedcontext.An

38、ytimekeepingsystemisvalid,andeachisaspraiseworthyasitspurpose.31WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?A. Timekeepingisincreasinglyrelatedtonature.B. Everyonecandefinetimeontheirownterms.C. Thequalitiesoftimevarywithhowyoumeasureit.D. Timeisamajorconcernofphilosophersandscientists.32. Theauthorraisesthreeque

39、stionsinParagraph2mainlyto.A.presentanassumptionB.evaluateanargumentC.highlightanexperimentD.introduceanapproach33. Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A. Thosewhodonotgoonrivertimewillliveanimbalancedlife.B. NewwaysofmeasuringtimecanhelptocontrolEarthsystems.C. Atomictimewillgetaheadofrivertimeiftheriver

40、srunslower.D. Moderntechnologymayhelptoshapetheriverstemporalframe34. Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?A. Itiscrucialtoimprovethedefinitionoftime.B. Afixedframewillmaketimemeaningless.C. Weshouldliveinharmonywithnature.D. Historyisamirrorreflectingreality.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最

41、佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.选项中有两项为多余选项.Musichaslongbeenconsideredtobeanenjoyablepastimeformanypeople.35Thementalhealthbenefitsfrommusiccantbeargued.Musiccouldalsobehelpingyouwithmanyotherhealthproblemsbehindthescenes.36However,forthesamereason,musiccanbeverybeneficialifoneisinpain.Bydistracting（分心）themindfromt

42、hepain,music,peoplesay,canlowerstressandanxietylevels.This,ofcourse,canleadtolesspain.Manypeopleenjoyrelaxingmusicintheeveningpriortogoingtobed.37Whilethevalidityoftheideaisstillbeingassessedtheloweredstresscanevenbetiedbacktobloodpressure.Similarly,accordingtoresearchers,listeningtojust30minutesofs

43、oftmusiceverydaymayhelpwithhealthybloodsugarlevels,throughtheloweringofstressandanxiety.Whenitcomestohearthealth,thereisspeculation（推测）thatitsnotthestyleofmusic,butratherthetempothatmakesitsogoodforyourhearthealth.InoneEuropeanstudy,participantslistenedtomusicastheresearchersmonitoredtheirheartrates

44、andbloodpressure38Ontheotherhand,whenthemusicslowed,theparticipantsstressandanxietylevelsbecamelowerandtheeffectsonheartratesappearedtofollowsuit.39Butthereisawholerangeofotherhealthissuesthatturninguptheradiocouldbebeneficialfor,whichiswhatmakesmusicsovaluable.A. Thisfeelingcanalsoresultinmanyother

45、healthproblems.B. Someexpertssaythatmusiccanbeharmfulifitistooloud.C. Thisideaisalittleoff-the-wallbutstillhasscientificbacking.D. Theysayitcanplayabigroleincalmingthebrainenoughtosleep.E. Theimplicationsofmusiconoverallwell-beingarereallyimpressive.F. Itisalsohighlypopularduetotheindividualizedeffe

46、ctsonstressandanxiety.G. Interestingly,themorecheerfulthemusicwas,thefastertheirheartrateswere.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Recentresearchsuggeststhatifanargumentgetsresolvedtheemotionalresponsetiedtoitissignificantlyreducedoralmostcompletelyerased.Thu

47、s,itmaybeworthbringingupissueswithyourfriends,familymembers,orclassmatesratherthanholdingthemback.Thereisadifferencebetweenarguingandfighting.ArguingisthatyouandyouropponentpresentyourconcernsanddiscussthefeelingsandissuesrelatedtothoseconcernsYoucanengageinanargumentrespectfullywithoutstirringup（激起

48、）anger.Fighting,however,usuallyinvolvespersonalattacks,raisingofvoices,andstormingout.Discussingyourissuesandresolvingtheminsteadofstuffingthemdowncanimproveyouremotionalhealth.Inastudy,2.000peoplewereaskedtorecordtheirfeelingsandexperiencesforeightdaysinarow.Whenpeoplehadanargumentthattheyconsidere

49、dresolved,theyhadhalfthereactivity（情绪反应）ofthosewhoavoidedanargument.Reactivityisanincreaseinnegativeemotionsoradecreaseinpositiveemotions.Inotherwords,resolvinganargumentcutsyournegativefeelingsbyhalf.Onedaylater,peoplewhohadaresolvedargumentreportednoincreaseofnegativeemotionscomparedwiththosewhoav

50、oidedanargument.Thismeansthatresolvinganargumentcanfeellikeyouhavereachedastateofresolutionandyouarelesslikelytobeannoyed.Moreover,theolderyouare,themorelikelyyouwillcometoaresolutionafteranargument.Thismaybebecausemorelifeexperienceusuallyleadstomoredefinedpriorities.Youaremorelikelytodistinguishbetweenwhatmattersandwhatdoesnot.Itiseasiertoavoidadiscussion,butriskingtalkingaboutitmayeventuallyleadtoabetteroutcome.40. Accordingtothispassage,whatisarguing?41. Whyisitthat“thelderyouare,themorelikelyyouwillcometoaresolutionafteranargument?42. Pl