新8 L1语法 情态动词和祈使句

1、Can you sing?Can you sing? Donkey, Donkey I beg you, Donkey, Donkey I beg you, please dont sing heehaw please dont sing heehaw I shall feed you, I shall feed you I shall feed you, I shall feed you Please dont sing heehaw, Please dont sing heehaw, Heehaw, heehaw, heehaw, heehaw Heehaw, heehaw, heehaw

2、, heehaw Why you sing so loud? Why you sing so loud? I shall feed you, I shall feed you I shall feed you, I shall feed you Please dont sing heehaw. Please dont sing heehaw.今天学今天学什么？什么？复习 can情态动词情感态度can定义：表示说话人定义：表示说话人情感情感和和态度态度的动词。的动词。注意： 1. 无人称和数的变化； 2.不能单独使用，必须 后+动词原形2.2.表委婉的请求或许可，译为表委婉的请求或许可，译为能能

3、。eg: Can I sit here ?eg: Can I sit here ?Can you help me ?Can you help me ?情态动词情态动词Can的用法：的用法：1 1，表示能力，译为，表示能力，译为能能或或会会。eg : I can swim.eg : I can swim.He can run.He can run.3. 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度）,用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。 eg: Can this be right? This cant be done(做) by him. 1.He can see a car.否定句：否定句：一般疑问句：一般疑

4、问句：肯否答：肯否答：特殊疑问句特殊疑问句:He can not see a car.Can he see a car?Yes, he can. No, he cant .What can he see ?什么什么?动词动词2.We can play football.否定句：否定句：一般疑问句：一般疑问句：肯否答：肯否答：特殊疑问句特殊疑问句:We can not play football.Can you play football?Yes, we can. No, we cant .What can you do ?什么什么?动词动词总结：总结：cancan特殊疑问句特殊疑问句没划动词：

5、没划动词： What+一般疑问句语序一般疑问句语序+？划划 住动词：住动词： What+一般疑问句语序一般疑问句语序+do+？MayMay的用法：的用法：1 1，表示委婉的请求或许可，译，表示委婉的请求或许可，译为为可以可以, ,比比cancan更正式。更正式。eg: May I borrow your pen? 用用May I.May I.？征徇对方许可时？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用比较正式和客气，而用Can I.Can I.？在口语中更常见。在口语中更常见。 2,表示猜测，谈论可能性，表示猜测，谈论可能性，译为译为可能可能也许也许。eg: He may be Tom.eg: She

6、 may be Ann.句型转换练习句型转换练习He He maymay watch TV. watch TV.否定句：否定句：一般疑问句：一般疑问句：肯否答：肯否答：He He may notmay not watch TV. watch TV.May May he watch TV?he watch TV?Yes, he Yes, he maymay. No, he . No, he mustnt mustnt . .may not may not 不可以缩写不可以缩写要明确回答用要明确回答用mustntmustntI I maymay read books. read books.否定句

7、：否定句：一般疑问句：一般疑问句：肯否答：肯否答：I I may notmay not read books. read books.May IMay I read books? read books?Yes, you Yes, you maymay. No, you. No, you mustnt mustnt . .需要注意的几点也是重点：需要注意的几点也是重点：1 1，may not may not 无缩写形式。无缩写形式。2 2，maymay的否定回答用的否定回答用mustntmustnt. .3,3,做做maymay的疑问句的疑问句遇到遇到I ,we,I ,we,不用变不用变为为yo

8、u.you.情态动词情态动词must must 的用法：的用法：1,1,在肯定陈述句中在肯定陈述句中mustmust通常表示通常表示说话人说话人的主观意识的主观意识或或要求对方必须做某事要求对方必须做某事（表（表示命令，建议或请求。译为示命令，建议或请求。译为必必须须应该应该一定要一定要）。）。eg: I must go now, or Ill be late.2.must not 2.must not 是表示说话人是表示说话人不许或不许或 禁止禁止某人做某事。某人做某事。eg: Look at the sign, you mustnt park your car here.eg: You m

9、ustnt talk like that.3. 3. 表示推测可能性表示推测可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）（只用于肯定的陈述句） 1. Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes. 2. Your mother must be waiting for you now. 句型转换练习句型转换练习He He must must read a book. read a book.否定句：否定句：一般疑问句：一般疑问句：肯否答：肯否答：He He must notmust not read a book. read a book.Must

10、 Must he read a book ?he read a book ?Yes, he Yes, he mustmust. No, he . No, he needntneednt . .= mustnt注：对注：对mustmust的否定回答用的否定回答用needntneednt。I must go to bed.I must go to bed.否定句：否定句：一般疑问句：一般疑问句：肯否答：肯否答：I I must notmust not go to bed. go to bed.Must Must I go to bed ?I go to bed ?Yes, you Yes, you

11、 mustmust. No, you . No, you needntneednt . .需要注意的几点也是重点：需要注意的几点也是重点：1 1，must not = mustntmust not = mustnt。2 2，mustmust的否定回答用的否定回答用neednt.neednt.3,3,做做mustmust的疑问句遇到的疑问句遇到I ,we,I ,we,不用不用变为变为you.you.二者是近义词，但二者是近义词，但mustmust强调强调主观主观看看法，而法，而have to have to 强调强调客观客观需要。需要。eg: You must go to bed now . （

12、主观看法）（主观看法）eg: Its cold. We have to close the window . （客观需要）（客观需要）mustmust与与 have to have to 的用法的用法mustnt mustnt 表示表示“禁止禁止”dont have todont have to表示表示“不必不必”can can maymaymustmust1 1表能力，表能力，译为译为“能能或会或会”猜测可能猜测可能性，译为性，译为“可能也可能也许许”表要求对方表要求对方做某事，译做某事，译为为“必须必须”2 2表请求、表请求、许可，译许可，译为为“能能”表请求、表请求、许可，译许可，译为为

13、“可以可以”must notmust not表不表不许或禁止许或禁止3 3表猜测表猜测表猜测表猜测(一) 用适当的情态动词填空。用适当的情态动词填空。1. Must I borrow the book with my ID card? No, you _.2. _ I use your car? Yes, you _.3. _ I go home now? No, you _ stay here.4.My mother is ill. I _ stay at home and look after her.5._ you like some tea?6. You _ take more exe

14、rcise.7. _ you tell me how to get to the Qingyun Park?8. The clock _ tell us the time.9. _ you like to go fishing with me?needntCan/Maycan/mayCan/MaymustmustWouldmust(should/have to)CancanWould(二) 按要求改写句子。按要求改写句子。1.I can run fast. I _ _ fast. (否定句)2.You must return the book now.（一般疑问句）（一般疑问句） _ I th

15、e book now? No, you _.3.He can play basketball well. （一般疑问句）（一般疑问句） _ he _ basketball well?4.They must take the books out of the room. （否定句）（否定句） They _ _ the books out of the room. 5.He should get up early.(否定句否定句) He _ get up late.cantrunMustneedntCanplaymustnt takeshouldnt( (三三) ) 单项选择单项选择。（）1. y

16、ou like some milk ? A .Would B.Could C .Can（）2.We pick the flower in the park. A.cant B.dont C.mustnt ( ) 3.We should more trees, and we shouldnt cut any trees. A.plant B.planting C.plants ( ) 4.May I have some coffee? A.Yes,you have. B.Yes,you can. C.Yes,certainly.ACAC( ) 5.Shall we visit the facto

17、ry? A.Yes,we do. B.Yes, we shall. C.All right. ( ) 6.Would you like something to eat? A.Yes,we would. B.Yes, Id like some cakes. C.Yes, of course. ( ) 7.What can I do for you? A.Yes,you can. B.No,I can do it. C. Yes.Id like some oranges.cBB祈使句祈使句一、祈使句：一、祈使句： 表示要求、请求或命令、劝表示要求、请求或命令、劝告、叮嘱、建议等。告、叮嘱、建议等

18、。 祈使句中的主语常常被省去。祈使句中的主语常常被省去。 用于祈使句句首的用于祈使句句首的动词动词总是用总是用原形原形，不能用其他形式。，不能用其他形式。 二、句式：二、句式： 三肯一否三肯一否1. 1.肯定式：肯定式：A A DoDo句型句型：（以动词原形开头）：（以动词原形开头）eg: Close the door.eg: Close the door.B B LetLet句型：（以句型：（以LetLet开头）开头）eg eg：Lets play football .Lets play football . Let me help you . Let me help you .C C Be

19、Be句型：句型：（以（以BeBe原形开头）原形开头）eg: Be careful .eg: Be careful .2. 2.否定式：否定式：以以 “ “Dont + Dont + 动词原形动词原形”开头：开头：eg: Dont open the window .eg: Dont open the window . Dont be sad. Dont be sad.注：注：PleasePlease在祈使句中可表示比较委在祈使句中可表示比较委婉的语气，可加上也可省略。婉的语气，可加上也可省略。eg: Pass me the book eg: Pass me the book , please,

20、please . . Please Please pass me the book . pass me the book .1. 1.祈使句的祈使句的主语主语通常为通常为第二人称第二人称( (youyou) )，但一般都被省略，只有在特殊的情况但一般都被省略，只有在特殊的情况下才把主语下才把主语(you)(you)补充出来。如：补充出来。如：You be quiet! You be quiet! 你安静你安静! ! You go and tell him, Chris. You go and tell him, Chris. 克立斯，你去告诉他。克立斯，你去告诉他。You wait here

21、for a moment. You wait here for a moment. 你在这儿等一会儿。你在这儿等一会儿。2.祈使句表示强调祈使句表示强调为了加强祈使句的语气，我们通常是在祈使句的为了加强祈使句的语气，我们通常是在祈使句的动词原形前加上动词原形前加上助动词助动词do，此时通常译为，此时通常译为“一一定定”“”“务必务必”等。如：等。如：Do be careful. 务必要小心。务必要小心。Do have some more tea. 一定再喝点茶。一定再喝点茶。Do let me go. 一定让我去。一定让我去。副词副词never和和always有时可用于祈使句句首，表示有时可用

22、于祈使句句首，表示强调。强调。如：如：Never do that again. 再不要这样做了。再不要这样做了。Always study hard. 一定要努力学习。一定要努力学习。3. “let” 3. “let” 的否定句：的否定句： 如果宾语是如果宾语是第三人称第三人称用用“Dont let.Dont let.”eg: Dont let him sing in the classroom . eg: Dont let him sing in the classroom . 如果宾语是如果宾语是第一人称第一人称，则用，则用 Let.notLet.not eg: Its raining no

23、w. Lets not go out .eg: Its raining now. Lets not go out .4. 4. 祈使句的省略祈使句的省略 一般说来，祈使句总是要以动词原形开头，一般说来，祈使句总是要以动词原形开头，但是，在某些特殊情况下，我们可以只用一但是，在某些特殊情况下，我们可以只用一个个词词或或短语短语来表示祈使句的意义。如：来表示祈使句的意义。如：Just a little, please. Just a little, please. 请给一点就行了。请给一点就行了。A little more slowly please. A little more slowly p

24、lease. 再慢一点。再慢一点。A pound of butter. A pound of butter. 给我一磅黄油。给我一磅黄油。Two teas and four coffees, please. Two teas and four coffees, please. 请来两杯茶和四请来两杯茶和四杯咖啡。杯咖啡。I. I. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Its an important meeting. _ (not, be )late.1. Its an important meeting. _ (not, be )late.2. _ (not

25、,make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping.2. _ (not,make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping.3. _ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food . 3. _ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food . 4. _ ( not, talk) and _ (read) aloud.4. _ ( not, talk) and _ (read) aloud.5. _ (not,leave) your homework for

26、tomorrow, Larry.5. _ (not,leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry.6. _ (look) out! A car is coming.6. _ (look) out! A car is coming.7. _ (give) me fifty yuan , I will buy some meat .7. _ (give) me fifty yuan , I will buy some meat .8. _ (not, let) the baby cry.8. _ (not, let) the baby cry.9. Wear m

27、ore clothes or you _ (have) a cold.9. Wear more clothes or you _ (have) a cold.10. Lets _ (not, say) anything about it.10. Lets _ (not, say) anything about it.Dont Dont be beDont Dont makemakeDont speakDont speakDont talkDont talkreadreadDont leaveDont leaveLookLookGiveGiveDont Dont letletwill havewill havenot saynot say( )1 .Her doctor said: “_ work so hard” A Stop B Dont C Cant D No( )2._ when you cross the road.A Do care B Care C Do be careful D To be careful( )3. _him the secret. A Dont tell B Not to tell C Not telling ( )4. _ in bed. Its bad for your eyes.A Not to rea