现在分词与过去分词的区别

1、I want to read a book written by the woman living there.to readwrittenliving时态：时态：_强调动作正在进行，强调动作正在进行， _ _强调动作已经完成。强调动作已经完成。语态：语态：现在分词侧重于现在分词侧重于_， 过去分词侧重于过去分词侧重于_。 现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词主动主动被动被动根本区别根本区别这种根本的区别具体体现在两种分词这种根本的区别具体体现在两种分词分别充当的各种分别充当的各种句子成分句子成分中。中。1.作定语作定语2.作表语作表语4.作状语作状语3.作宾补作宾补现在分词现在分词过去过去分词分

2、词 分词作定语时分词作定语时，单个分词作，单个分词作定语，放在所修饰的词定语，放在所修饰的词前面前面，分词短语则，分词短语则放所修饰词的放所修饰词的后面后面，它，它的作用相当于一个的作用相当于一个定语从句定语从句。 English is a widely used language. The sleeping boy must be tired. This is the path leading to the school. This is one of the schools built in 1980s.分词作定语时，被分词所修饰的名词就是该分分词作定语时，被分词所修饰的名词就是该分词的逻

3、辑主语。但现在分词与逻辑主语之间是词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与逻辑主语之间是主动主动关系，关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示而过去分词则表示被动被动关系，所示动作已经完成。关系，所示动作已经完成。There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followedThe Olympic Games, _ in 776 B. C., didnt i

4、nclude women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playingMost of the people _ to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 简析：该题应选简析：该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句被动，等于定语从句 who were invitedThe first textbo

5、oks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 简析：该题应选简析：该题应选D。测试过去分词作后置定语表达测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句被动，等于定语从句which were written分词作表语时，它起着分词作表语时，它起着形容词形容词的作用的作用。分词作表语时，句子的主语就是该分分词作表语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作表语

6、时，与其逻词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是辑主语之间是主动主动关系，所表示的动作的一般关系，所表示的动作的一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示去分词则表示被动被动关系，所示关系，所示动作已经完成。动作已经完成。（“令人令人”“”“感到感到”） This news sounds _. A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage 简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分在句中应作表语，因简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分在句中应作表语，因为为 s

7、ounds 在此句中用作连系动词；再根据在此句中用作连系动词；再根据 The news 对于动词对于动词 encourage 来说应是主动关系，即这个消息本身就鼓舞人心。因此，来说应是主动关系，即这个消息本身就鼓舞人心。因此，该题应选该题应选A。 -How did the audience receive the new play? -They got very _. A . excite B . excited C . excitedly D . exciting 简析：该题应选简析：该题应选B。测试他们被那出新戏所打动。测试他们被那出新戏所打动。 -How did Bob do in th

8、e exams this time? -Well, his father seems _ with his results. A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to please 简析：首先简析：首先, 根据语法分析可知根据语法分析可知, 待选部分在句中应作表语。待选部分在句中应作表语。因为因为 seems 在此句中用作连系动词在此句中用作连系动词; 再根据再根据 his father 对于动对于动词词 please 来说应是被动关系来说应是被动关系, 即这个结果使他的父亲高兴即这个结果使他的父亲高兴; 换换言之言之, 他的父亲因为受到这个结果的刺激而感到

9、高兴。因此他的父亲因为受到这个结果的刺激而感到高兴。因此, 该题应选该题应选C。 分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语，对分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语，对句子的宾语起句子的宾语起补充或说明补充或说明作用。作用。分词作宾语补足语时，句子的宾语就是分词作宾语补足语时，句子的宾语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与其逻辑主语之间该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是是主动主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动被动关系，关系，所示所示动作已经完成。动作已经完成。The next mo

10、rning she found the man _ in bed, dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying 简析简析: 首先首先, 根据语法分析可知根据语法分析可知, 待选部分在句中应作宾补待选部分在句中应作宾补, 补补充说明宾语充说明宾语 the man; 再根据宾语再根据宾语 the man 对于动词对于动词 lie 来说应来说应是主动关系是主动关系, 而且而且, lie 这个动作与谓语动词这个动作与谓语动词 found 同时进行。同时进行。因此因此, 该题应选该题应选A。 -Good morning. Can I help you? -Id like

11、 to have the package _, madam.A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed 简析简析: 首先首先, 根据语法分析可知根据语法分析可知, 待选部分在句中应作宾补待选部分在句中应作宾补, 补充说明宾语补充说明宾语 the package; 再根据再根据 the package 对于动词对于动词 weigh 来说来说, 只能是被动关系。因此，该题应选只能是被动关系。因此，该题应选D。I can hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five d

12、ays.A. sail B. sailing C. to sail D. to have sailed 简析简析: 该题应选该题应选B。测试动词测试动词 imagine 后要求跟动名词后要求跟动名词, Peter 是动名词的逻辑主语。是动名词的逻辑主语。If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air _ against your face. A. moved B. moving C. moves D. to move 简析简析: 该题应选该题应选B。测试使役动词后用现在分词作宾补表示测试使役动词后用现在分词作宾

13、补表示宾语正发出的动作。宾语正发出的动作。 分词作状语时，一般在句子中作分词作状语时，一般在句子中作时间、原因、方式或伴随等状语。时间、原因、方式或伴随等状语。分词作状语时，句子的主语就是分词作状语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作状语时，与该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是其逻辑主语之间是主动主动关系，所表示的动作一关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示过去分词则表示被动被动关系，所示关系，所示动作已经完成。动作已经完成。 1.European football is played

14、 in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make 简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分在整个句中应作状语；简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分在整个句中应作状语；再根据再根据 European football 对于对于 make 来说应是主动关系，即欧洲足来说应是主动关系，即欧洲足球使之本身成为一项最受世人欢迎的运动。因此，该题应选球使之本身成为一项最受世人欢迎的运动。因此，该题应选A。2._ a reply, he decided to wr

15、ite again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 简析：该题应选简析：该题应选C。 测试非谓语动词的否定式是在其前直接加测试非谓语动词的否定式是在其前直接加 not 。若动作发生在主句动作之前时用非谓语的完成式若动作发生在主句动作之前时用非谓语的完成式。3.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A.

16、having added B. to add C. adding D. added 简析：该题应选简析：该题应选C。测试现在分词可以作补充说明的状语。测试现在分词可以作补充说明的状语。4. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing 简析：该题应选简析：该题应选A。测试现在分词作伴随状语，通过副词测试现在分词作伴随状语，通过副词 angrily 进行干扰。若进行干扰。若B 答案为答案为

17、 and pointed angrily 时也对。时也对。另外，分词作状语时，如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的另外，分词作状语时，如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语主语不一致不一致时，需要时，需要独立主格结构独立主格结构或或 with with 复合结构复合结构来替代。来替代。( (此时，也可把该分词看成介词的宾语补足此时，也可把该分词看成介词的宾语补足语。语。) ) 例例: The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 简

18、析：很显然，待选部分的逻辑主语是简析：很显然，待选部分的逻辑主语是 his hands，而不是句而不是句子的主语子的主语 The murderer , 而而 his hands 对于动词对于动词 tie 来说，只来说，只能是被动承受。因此，该题应选能是被动承受。因此，该题应选D。 时态：时态：_强调动作正在进行，强调动作正在进行， _ _强调动作已经完成。强调动作已经完成。语态：语态：现在分词侧重于现在分词侧重于_， 过去分词侧重于过去分词侧重于_。 现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词主动主动被动被动根本区别根本区别第四步：分析时态第四步：分析时态第一步：辨别第一步：辨别“谓与非谓谓与非谓”第二

19、步：找非谓语的逻辑主语第二步：找非谓语的逻辑主语第三步：判断语态第三步：判断语态非谓语的非谓语的“有法可依有法可依”1.I cannot understand _ such a well-paid job. A. him to give up B. him to have given up C. his giving up D. his being given up2.Janes summer vacation in England led to _ an Englishman. A. her marry B. her to marry C. her being married D. her

20、marrying 3.She was sad because of _ any chance left. A. there being not B. there not being C. not there being D. there was not4.If you think a letter is too slow, why not _ a telegram? A. try to have sent B. trying to send C. to try to send D. try sending 5.There is no chance _ him today. A. in seei

21、ng B. to seeing C. of seeing D. about seeing 6.I know you like _ . Would you like _ with me now? A. to swim, to swim B. swimming, swimmingC. swimming, to swim D. to swim, swimming7.Before _, the machine must be checked. A. being used B. using it C. being used to D. using 8.To give up _ means _ . A.

22、smoking, stopping smoking B. smoking, to stop smoking C. to smoke, to stop to smoke D. to smoke, stopping to smoke9. What do you think of the book? Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time.A. to read B. reading C. to be read D. being read 10. “What has made you so upset?” “_ my new bike.”A. Lost B.

23、Because of losing C. Since I lost D. Losing 11. I still remember _ to Beijing when I was six.A. to take B. taking C. having taking D. having been taken 12. Some foreigner used to _ on the left in their own countries, but now they have got used to _ on the right in our country.A. driving, drive B. dr

24、ive, drive C. drive, driving D. driving, driving13. He remained _ there, for he grew _ in many things there.A. staying, interesting B. staying, interested C. to stay, interest D. stayed, interested14. It is important for parents and young people to learn how to get through to each other and develop

25、skill in understanding and _.A. being understood B. to be understood C. understand D. understood15. _ more trees is good for health and it is also important to stop waste from factories _ our surroundings. A. To plant, pollute B. Planting, to pollute C. Plant, polluting D. Planting, polluting 16. I

26、would appreciate _ back this afternoon.A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. youre calling 17. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden?A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking18. “The light in the office is still on.” “Oh, I forgot _ .”A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn

27、 it off D. having turned it off19. “I must apologize for _ ahead of time.” “Thats all right.”A. letting you not know B. not letting you knowC. letting you know not D. letting not you know20. It happened _ when I left the station, so I had to wait until the rain stopped.A. to be raining B. to have ra

28、ined C. to rain D. raining 21. _ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A . Given B . To give C . Giving D . Having given22. Climbing mountains was _, so we all felt _. A. tiring ; tired B. tired ; tiring C. tiring ; tiring D. tired ; tired23. The _ morning, the father came into the lone

29、ly house , _ by his naughty boy . A. following ; following B. followed ; followed C. following ; followed D. followed ; following24. _ these pictures, I couldnt help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing and _ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent. A. Seei

30、ng ; seen B. Seen ; seeing C. Seeing ; seeing D. Seen ; seen25. Mrs White was glad to see the nurse _ after her son and her daughter and was also pleased to see children well _ care of in the nursery. A. looked ; taken B. looking ; taken C. looked ; took D. looking ; taking 26. I was fortunate to pi

31、ck up a wallet _ on the ground on the way home, but unfortunately for me, I found my colour TV set _ when I got home. A. lying; stolen B. laying; stealing C. lay; stolen D. lying; stealing27. _ better attention , the vegetables could have grown better with the sun shining brightly in the sky and _ them light. A. Giving; given B. Given; given C.