英语语言学试题

1、英 语 语 言 学 试 题 B 卷 及 答 案 (III. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the corresponding letter A，B, C or D in the brackets.(1% 20=20%1) The study of language at one point of time is a study.A.synchronicB. historicC.di

2、achronicD. descriptive2) ) Synonyms are classified into several kinds. The kind to which“ fall ” and“autumn” belong is called synonyms.A. stylisticB. dialectalC. emotive D. collocational3) The sentence “John likes ice - cream” contains arguments.A.oneB. twoC. noneD. three4) Semantics can be defined

3、as the study of .A.naming8. meaningC.communicationD. context5) Once the notion of was taken into consideration ， semantics spilledinto pragmatics.A.meaningB. contextC.formD. content6) Of the three speech acts ， linguists are most interested in the .A.locutionaryactB. perlocutionary actC. illocutiona

4、ryactD. none of the above7) Most of the violations of the maxims of the Cooperative Principle give riseto .A. utterance meaningB.speech act theoryC. conversational implicaturesD. none of theabove8) The significance of Grice s CP lies in that it explains how it is possiblefor the speaker to convey is

5、 literally said.A. morethanB. less thanC.thesameasD. none of the above9) The goal of is to explore the nature of language variation and languageuse among a variety of speech communities and different social situations.A. psycholinguisticsB.sociolinguisticsC. historical linguisticsD. generallinguisti

6、cs 10) Black English has a number of distinctive features in its phonological，morphological and syntactic systems which are .A.rule-governedB. systematicC.arbitraryD. both A and B11) As modernlinguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use， and not to lay down rules for cor

7、rect linguistic behavior， it is saidto be .A. prescriptiveB.sociolinguisticC. descriptiveD.psycholinguistic 12) Language is a system of arbitrary symbols used for humancommunication.A.culturalB. conventionalC.decodedD. vocal 13) A word with several meanings is called .A. an abnormal wordB.apolysemou

8、s wordC. a synonymous wordD.noneof the above 14) There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix“ ed” in theword “ learned ” is known as a ( n) .A. derivational morphemeB.freemorphemeC. inflectional morphemeD. free form15) The syntactic rules of any language are in number.A.large8. smal

9、lC.finiteD. infinite16) “ I bought some roses ” “ I bought some flowers ” .A.entailsB. presupposesC. is inconsistent withD. issynonymous with17) The phrase “boys and girls ” belongs to the construction.A. predicateB. endocentricC.subordinateD. exocentric18) Can I borrow your bike ？ _ You have a bike

10、.A. is synonymous withB. isinconsistent withC.entailsD. presupposes 19) Of all the speech organs ， the _ is/are the most flexible.A. mouthB. lipsC. tongueD. vocal cords20) Chomskyuses the term to refer to the actual realization of a languageuser s knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic

11、 communication.A. langueB.competenceC. paroleD.performanceIV. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false： ( 1%X15=15%1) Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for humancommunication.2) The writing system of a language is always a later invention used to recordspee

12、ch； thus there are still many languages in today s world that can only bespoken， but not written.3) The open-class words include prepositions.4) In classifying the English consonants and vowels， the same criteria can beapplied.5) According to semantic triangle ， there is no direct link between a sym

13、bol and referent ， . between a word and a thing it refers to.6)Syntactic categories refer to sentences( S) and clauses( C) only.7)By synchrony we mean to study language change and development.8)The IC analysis is not able to analyze split verbs like“do sb. in ”.9)The relationship of “flower ” ，“viol

14、et ” ，“rose ” and “tulip ” is hyponymy.10)A syllable without a coda is a closed syllable.11) Parole refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.12) Phonology is a branch of linguistics which studied the sentences patterns of a language.13) Human capacity

15、for language has a genetic basis ， . we are all born with the ability to acquire language and the details of a language system are genetically transmitted.14) Only words of the same parts of speech can be combined to form compounds.15) Sentences are strings of words put together in a random order.V.

16、 Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word， thefirst letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill inONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1%X 10=10%1)The modern linguistics is d ， not prescriptive ， and itsinvestigations

17、 are based on authentic and mainly spoken language data.2)Mis the smallest meaningful unit of language.3)Langue refers to the language system shared by a community of speaker while p contrastd with langue is the concrete act of speaking in actualsituations by an individual speaker.4)The transformati

18、onal component has transformational rules， which changethe deep structures generated by the phrase structure component into sstructure.5)In semantic triangle ， the relation between a word and a thing it refers to is not direct ， and it is mediated by c.6)H. Sweet madea distinction between narrow and

19、 btranscription.7)In the cooperative principle ， Grice introduced four categories of are maxim of quality ， maxim of quatity ， maxim of rand maxim of manner.8)The strong version of Sapir-Whorf hopothesis is that language dsour thinking pattern.9)There are two major approaches to error analysis ： c a

20、ndnon-contrastive analysis.10)Pis the study of language in use.VI. The following two are ambiguous in their meanings. Give your understanding of the different meanings of each expression.(%x 2=5%1)Smoking cigar is very harmful.2)The boy saw the man with the telescope.VII. Answer the following questi

21、ons in English.(4%x 5=20%1)What are the four maxims under the cooperative principle？2)What are the design features of language ？3)What are the differences between modern linguistics and traditional grammar？4)Why do we say that a meaning of a sentence is not the sumtotal of the meanings of all its co

22、mponents ？5)What do you know about linguistics.Decide which one of the， B， C or D in11-15 CDBCCIII. Read each of the following statements carefully. four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A the brackets. (1% 20=20%1-5 ABBBB6-10 CCABD 16-20 ABDCDIV. Decide whether each of the fo

23、llowing statements is true or false： ( 1%x15=15%1) -5 ) ： TTFFT6) -10) ： FFTTF11)-15 ) ： FFFFFV. Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word， thefirst letter of which is already given as a clue.(1%x 10=10%1 ) descriptive 2) Morpheme3) parole4) surface6) broad9) contrastive5)

24、concept7) relation10) Pragmatics) determinesVI. The following two sentences are ambiguous in their meanings. Give your understanding of the different meanings of each sentence.(%oX 2=5%1) The cigar that is smoking is very harmful.The act of smoking the cigar is very harmful.2) The boy saw the man wh

25、o had a telescope.Using the telescope ， the boy saw the man.VII. Answer the following questions in English.(4%x 5=20%1) A. The maxim of quantity1. Makeyour contribution as informative as required ( for the current purpose of the exchange ) .2. Do not make your contribution more informative than is r

26、equired.B. The maxim of quality1. Do not say what you believe to be false.2. Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.C. The maxim of relation Be relevant.D. The maxim of manner1. Avoid obscurity of expression.2. Avoidambiguity.3. Be brief ( avoid unnecessary prolixity ) .4. Be orderly.2

27、 ) Arbitrariness ； Productivity ； Duality ； Displacement ； Cultural transmission ；3) A. Linguistics is descriptive ， not prescriptiveB. Linguistics regards the spoken language as primary， not the written.C. Linguistics differs from traditional grammar in that it does not force languages into a Latin

28、-based framework.4) The meaning of a sentence is not the sum total of the meanings of all its components because it cannot be worked out by adding up all the meanings of its constituent words. For example ；( A) The dog bit the man.( B) The man bit the dog.If the meaning of a sentence were the sum to

29、tal of the meanings of all its components， then the above two sentences would have the same meaning. In fact they are different in meanings.As we know， there are two aspects to sentence meaning： grammatical mean-ing and semantic meaning. The grammatical meanings of “ the dog” and “ the man” in ( A)

30、are different from the grammatical meanings of“the dog ” and “the man ”in( B) . The meaning of a sentence is the product of both lexical and grammatical meaning. It is the product of the meaning of the constituent words and of the grammatical constructions that relate one word syntagmatically to ano

31、ther.英语语言学试题 A 卷及答案(1. Define the following linguistic terms: (2% 10=20%1 ) duality2 ) displacement3) phonology4) morphology 5) concord6) endocentricconstruction7 ) hyponymy8) pragmatics9)illocutionary force10) error analysis11) Translation(% 20=10%Translate the following terms into Chinese : (%x 10

32、=5%1 ) affricate2 ) distinctive feature3) parole4) generative grammar5) bilingualism6 ) felicity condition7 ) designfeature8) denotation 9 ) labiodental10) linguisticrelativityTranslate the following terms into English:(% 10=5%11）人际功能12)真值条件13）女性语域 14）音节划分15）结构主义16）社会语言学17)论元18）单元音19）衔接20）对比分析III. R

33、ead each ofthefollowing statementscarefully.Decide whichone of thefour choices best completes the statement and put the corresponding letter A B, C or D on the answer sheet.(1%X 20=20%1 ) . language is a system of arbitrary symbols used for humancommunication.A.C.cultural8. conventionaldecodedD. voc

34、al2) . A word with several meanings is called a polysemousA. an abnormal wordB.wordC. a synonymous wordD. none of theabove3) . There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The affix“ed” inthe word“ learned ” is known as a ( n) .A. derivational morphemeB. free morphemeC. inflectional morphemeD.

35、 free form4) . The syntactic rules of any language are in number.A.largeB. smallC. finiteD. infinite5) .“ I picked some tulips. ” “ I picked some flowers. ” .A. entailsB.presupposesD. is synonymous withC. is inconsistent with6) . Ys utterance in the following conversation exchange violates the maxim

36、 of .X： Who was that you were with last night ？Y： Did you know that you were wearing odd socks ？A. quality B. quantityC. relationD. manner7) “ Can I borrow your bike ？” “ You have a bike. ”A. is synonymous withB. isinconsistent withC.entailsD. presupposes8) The study of language at one point of time

37、 is a study.A.synchronicB. historicC.diachronicD. descriptive9) Which of the following is a typical tone language？A.English8. ChineseC.FrenchD. All of the above10) Two allophones of the same phoneme are said to be in .A. phonemic contrastB.complementary distributionC. minimal pairD.none ofthe above1

38、1) In terms of the place of articulation ， the following sounds tdszn share the feature of .A. palatal B. alveolarC. bilabialD. dental12) Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by in 1957.A. L. BloomfieldB. N.ChomskyC. F. SaussureD. M. A. K.Halliday13) Which of the following is a correct

39、 description of reference？A. a relationship between an expression and other expressions which have the same meaningB. the set of all objects which can potentiallybe referred to by an expressionC. a relationshipbetween a particular object in the world and an expressionused in an utterance to pick out

40、 that objectD. an intra-linguistic relationship between lexical items14) What is function of the sentence“How do you do ？A. DirectiveB.Phatic C.InformativeD. Evocative15) In the following sounds ， is a central vowel.A. /?/B. /u/C. /?/D. / 3 /father ” is， +adult ，semanticsmeaningform16) Which of the

41、following languages has the syllabic writing systemA. ChineseB. JapaneseC.EnglishD. French17) Which description of the meaning components of the word right ？A. +human ， +adult ， -maleB. +human-adult ， +maleC. - human +adult , -maleD. +human+male18) Once the notion of was taken into considerationspil

42、led into pragmatics.A.B. contextC.D. content19) Black English has a number of distinctive features in its phonological，morphological and syntactic systems which are .A. rule-governedB.systematicC.arbitraryD. both A and B20) “ Hot dog ” with the first syllable stressed means .A. an overheated animalB

43、.a kind of foodC. a barking dogD. a deaddogIV. Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false ： ( 15 pts ， 1 point for each )Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false : (1%X 15=15% 1) Animal call systems are not genetically transmitted.2) According to N. Chom

44、sky ，“ competence” is the actual realization of hisknowledge in utterance.3) A syllable without a coda is a closed syllable.4) Parole refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.5) Phonology is a branch of linguistics which studies the sentences patterns

45、of a language.6) Languages differ in their selection of contrastive sounds.7) The English spelling exactly represents its pronunciation.8) Constituents that can be substituted for one another with loss of grammaticality belong to the same syntactic category.9) According to semantic triangle ， there

46、is no direct link between a symbol and referent ， . between a word and a thing it refers to.10) A referring expression can be used to refer to nonexistent things.11) All the grammatically well-formed sentences are semantically well-formed.12) Pragmatics studies the aspect of meaning that is not acco

47、unted for by semantics.13) An illocutionary act is the consequence of or the change brought about by the utterance.14) Social dialects ， or sociolects ， are varieties of language used by people belonging to particular social classes.15) The structural tests focus on the communicative and linguistic

48、competence.V. Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word， thefirst letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill inONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.(1%X 10=10%1) The three branches of phonetics are labeled as aphonetic

49、s，auditory phonetics and acoustic phonetics respectively.2) One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of speech over w.3) Sstudies the sentence structure of language.4) C analyis is based upon the belief that the mesning of a word canbe divided into meaning components.5) The noun“

50、tear ” and the verb “ tear ” are h.6) H. Sweet made a distinction between narrow and btranscription.7) Lingistics found that it would be impossible to give an adequate description of meaning if the cof langauge use was left unconsidered.8) Interchangeability means that any human being can be both a

51、producer and a of messages.9) Language may determine our thinking pattern and similarity between languagesis relative ， the greater their structureal differentiation is ， the more diverse their conceptualization of the world will be. This has often been called the Sapir-Whorf h.10) Sact theory is an

52、 important theory in the pragmatic study of language.VI. The following two sentences are ambiguous in their meanings. Give your understanding of the different meanings of each sentence.(%x 2=5%1) Flying airplanes can be very dangerous.2) The boy saw the man with the telescope.VII. Answer the followi

53、ng questions in English.(4%x 5=20%1) What functions does language have ？ Give some examples.( 5 points )2) State the differences between the sentence meaning and utterance meaning. ( 5 points )3) Why is Saussure hailed as the father of modern linguistics？( points )4) What are the seven types of mean

54、ing proposed by G. Leech in his Semantics？( points )5) In what way can linguistics contribute to the research in language learning ？ ( 4 points )1) Define the following linguistic terms(2% 10=20%2) duality ： The property of having two levels of structures ， such that the units of the primary levelar

55、e composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.3) displacement ： It meansthat humanlanguages enable their users to symbolize objects ， events and concepts which are not present at the present of communication.4) phonology ： A subbranch

56、 of linguistics that studies the system and patterns of the speech sounds and how they work and convey meaning in the system of language.5) morphology ： A subbranch of linguistics that is concerned with the internal organization of words.6) concord ： The requirement that the forms of two or more words in a syntactic relationship should agree with each other in terms of some categories.6) ) endocentri