英语记叙文写作方法总结

1、英语记叙文写作方法总结英语记叙文写作方法总结英语的写作体裁有多种，不同体裁的写作是为了达到不同的目的。 传统上英语把写作归为四类：记叙文、描写文、说明文和议论文。一、什么是记叙文。记叙文是以记人、叙事为主要职能，对社会生活中的人或事物的情态变 化和发展进行叙述和描写的一种常见文章样式。它反映作者对某种生活的 理解和评价，并以此来启示、教育和感染读者。以记人为主的记叙文，人物作为主要记叙的对象。它一般是通过对人物在事件中的行为、活动的叙述和描写，来表现人物的精神、品质或个性特点。以叙事为主的记叙文，通常是以社会生活中所发生的典型事件为主要 叙述对象。虽然任何事情的发展都离不开人，但在叙事文中，应

2、着重突出事 件的社会意义，尽量详细地描绘事件经过，以达到用事件来教育或提醒人们 的目的。先请看下面一段文章：(1)Alfred Nobe,l the Swedish inven tor and in-dustrialist, wasama n ofma ny con trasts. He was the son of a ban krupt, but became amillionaire;a scientist with a love of literature,an industrialistwho man aged to rema in an idealist. He made a fo

3、rt une but lived a simple life,and although cheerful in company, he was often sad in private. A lover ofman-kind, he n ever had a wife or family to love him; a patriotic son of his nativeland, he died alone on foreignsoil. He inven ted a n ewexplosive, dyn amite, to improve the peacetimeindustries o

4、f mining and road building, but saw it used as weapon of war to killand injure his fellowme n. During his useful life he often felt he wasuseless:Alfred Nobel” he once wrote to himself,ought to have bee n put to death by a kind doctor as soon as, witha cry, he en tered life ”.World-famous for his wo

5、rks he was n ever pers on ally well-k nown, forthroughout his life he avoided publicity. I do not see, ” he once said, that I havede-served any fame and I have no taste for it.”But since his death, his name has brought fame and glory to others.这是一段记人的文章，作者通过对比诺贝尔事业、生活和性格中的各种 矛盾,刻画了他不同凡响的一生，渲染了他的高尚人格

6、，突出了他不求名利，但求贡献的美德。再请看下一篇文章：(2) It seems thatallwe hear about no wadays isthe computer revolution.There are computers in theelibraries, schools, offices, and eve n in homes.Frie nds of mine who once feared any thi ng remotely associated withelectronic snow loudly sing the praises of word - processing

7、, as if the typewriterwere a product of the Stone Age. Last week I grew so weary of listening to themthat I decided to see for myself exactly what these swon ders of tech no logycould do.As I cautiously approached my college s writing center, my ears wereassaulted by the click-click-click of key boa

8、rds, and an occasional screech froma printer.One of the tutors offered me herassistance in learning to operate the machine. Within a mere twenty-fiveminutes I wastyping happily, thinking all the while thatI should have tried this much earlier.Just as I began the conclusion of my English paper, the e

9、ntire building wasplunged into silent darkness.I was dismayed at the thought of hav ing to wait un til the follow ing day tosee the print out. Then the tutor told me the bad news: I had lost the entire essayjust because I failed to click the save butt on one min ute earlier whe n theelectricity went

10、 off. My draft no Ion ger existed. With poise and grace, I felt myway to the exit.这是一篇叙述作者首次操作电脑的叙事文。首段起笔于周边朋友对电脑的啧啧称赞，作者决心亲身体验的想法，行 文自然、新颖。第二段叙述了作者在学校写作中心学习打印文稿由喜到忧 的变化过程，勾勒出作者初识电脑的独特感受，叙述亲切、自然而又独特。二、如何写记叙文。（一）记叙文的开头。就一般情况而言，记叙文通常由三个部分组成：开头、展开和结尾。记 叙文的开头通常交代事件的背景，即交代事件发生的时间、地点、有关人物和人与人之间的相互关系等内容。这些

11、方面包含着导致未来变化和发展的 因素,可以帮助读者理解事件的本身。例如。介绍某次郊游的文章可以这样 开头：(3) 1 had an interesting outing during the springholidays. It was Sun day.The sun was shining brightly. The weather was fine and warm.I got up very early that day. After an early breakfast I went to Mount Mo with myclassmates by bike. We got there

12、 at about nine.在这几行文字中，作者写明了郊游的时间、地点和人物。在开头的段落 中，介绍了对郊游的准备和到达目的地的时间。由于这几点叙述得自然、紧 凑,所以这种方式的开头犹如电影的开头画面一样向我们慢慢展开，把我们带到了郊游的目的地。在记人的文章中，我们首先应该把人物介绍给读者，对人物的一些外貌 特征可以在开头部分中加以介绍。 例如,在介绍一位老师的文章中可以这样 开头：(4) It was in 1981 that I first met my En glish teacher Mr. WangXing. He was not tall but very strong at t

13、hat time. His eyes shone brightly withknowledge behind a pair of glasses. Ever since then we have bee n good friends.在此段文字中，作者虽然没有直接交代事情发生的地点，但从所述的人 物之间的关系，读者可以领会到此事的发生是在学校。另外，文中的 knowledge一词和句子 Eversinee thenwe have beengood friends又为下文的展开作了很好的铺垫，容易吸引读者的注意力，激发读者欲读下文的兴 趣。(二)记叙文的展开。记叙文的展开通常可以从四个方面入手：

14、以人物活动的时间顺序为线 索；按空间位置变换组织材料；以事件发生的顺序记叙;以人物的主次性格 特征为序。前两种方法主要用于叙事的文章中，第四种方法用于记人的文章 中,第三种方法即可用于记人又可用于叙事。1、以人物活动的时间顺序为线索。前面我们介绍了一次郊游的开头，接下来我们可以按人物活动的时间 顺序作如下展开：(5)We first stayed for an hour on the grass land at the foot of the hill. Therewere many people there.Some of us were singing and dancing while

15、others were play ing games.Then we began to climb the hill, talking and laughing.On the top of the hill we overlooked the beautiful East Lake and all cried,Wow” We were also shocked at the beauty of other hillsand the fields around. Besides playing chess and badminton, we took manyphotographs.At noo

16、n we had a pic ni c. I n the after noon we met some foreig n guests.We talked and played games together.在这篇文章中，作者和同学活动的时间顺序为：first)then)atnoon )i n the after noon.2、按空间位置变换组织材料。按照事物空间位置转换的顺序安排材料，也就是按照地点变换，方位变 换写文章。例如：(6) We enjoyed our visit to Dr. Hassa ns house, perched high upon a hill. Walking u

17、p the long driveway, weapproached the huge bronze door. Abutler was sta nding in the ope n doorway, usheri ng guests in to the house.Going in, we passed the oak-pa neled library, and the formal dining room beforewe arrived at the ballroom, where the recepti on was being held. Un der threesparki ng c

18、ha ndeliers, more than a hundred people were enjoying champagne,hors do euvres, and good conv ersati on.空间位置变换的描述若运用表示方位的短语，就比一般的陈述显得更 为有趣,具有立体感，可给读者留下深刻的印象。从上一段作者拜访那座位 于小丘上的寓所，可体会到空间位置的变化。沿着长长的车道，来到巨大的青铜门前，侍者将客人引入屋内，穿过橡 木镶嵌的图书室和正规的餐厅，便到了举行招待会的舞厅。在三盏枝形吊灯 的照耀下，客人们享受着香槟、餐前小吃、愉快地交谈。”3、以事件发生的顺序记叙。(7) Th

19、is story happe ned in a garde n long ago.There were many water vats in the garde n. A group of boys wereplaying there. Oneof them said it was a good place for playing games. They began at on ce.They played happily for a long time. Sudde nly some-one shoutedCome! Come! A boy has falle n into avat. ”A

20、ll the boys ran away except a small one. His namewas Sima Guang. Hewas the n only eight years old. He thought he should save the boy s lie.But he was too small, the vat was too large, he could not see the in side ofthe vat. At that time, n obody would help him. He hurried towards the large vat,and b

21、roke it with a big stone. The water came out of the vat at once. Whentherewas no water in it, he pulled the boy out through the hole. The small boys fatherand mother and other people came and saw the small boy talking to Sima Guang.They were all pleased very much. They came forward to Sima Guang, pr

22、aisinghim for his quick-witted ness and said he was a clever boy.此文是记人的文章，以事件的发生为序。首段交代事件的发生（一个男 孩掉进了大水缸）,然后在第二段记叙了司马光救小男孩的经过（用砖头砸缸,把小男孩从洞口拖出）,最后是小男孩的的父母和其他人对司马光的赞 扬。文章第二段还夹有对司马光外貌、年龄、心理的描写，进一步衬托出司马光的机智、聪明，从小就能乐意助人的优秀品质。4、按人物特征的主次顺序例如前面那段记叙 Mr. WangXing 的文章的开头对该位老师进行了外表描写(次要特征)之后,下面可以这样展开：(8)Mr. Wan

23、g was kno wledgeable. He spoke En glish flue ntly andgave us lectures in English, which was not commonn middle schools.He expla ined the grammar and Ian guage points carefully in class.After class, whenever I asked him questions, he was pleased to answer themand always en couraged me to raise more q

24、uesti ons.He was also very caring. I was the top student but I was poor.He often offered his table lamp for me to use, saying it was goodfor my eyesight at ni ght. He sometimes in vited me to have dinnersin his family, too.此文中，作者在开头段描述了述王老师外貌特征，并通过knowledgeable, also 两词平稳地实现了上下文的过渡与衔接。在展开段中 作者不仅叙述了王

25、老师学术水平高、教学工作耐心细致，而且叙述了王老师 在学习和生活上无微不至地关爱自己，热情帮助自己的优秀品德。此文就是 按照人物的特征由次到主的顺序展开的。三、记叙文的结尾。记叙文的结尾不像说明文和论说文的结尾那样复杂。叙事的文章通常是依照事件的发生、发展和结局这样一个自然的顺序来结尾。无须在结构 上及方法上有特殊的要求。在记人的文章中，作者通常是有感而发。所以在 此类文章结尾时，作者时常发表感慨，陈述自己对某人的观点或态度。在有些 难忘的某事”之类的文章中，作者可用一些议论来结尾。例如，前面所讲 到的郊游”和 难忘的老师”两篇文章,其结尾可分别是：(9)We spe nt a happy day on mount Mo. Whe n we arrived home at 7p.m., we felt exhausted but extremely excited.2(P. 85)这段文字是按照人物活动的先后自然顺序结尾的，即从早晨出发到晚上回家。(1 ”)In 1982 I entered university,far away from Mr. Wangs home,but I would n ever forget him. It was he who made it pos