2017届高考英语语法复习专题06动词和动词短语(考点聚焦)牛津译林版

1、1专题06动词和动词短语考点聚焦是一个句子中不可缺少的成分。 在考试说明中， 动词占词汇表总词汇以测试考生对基础知识的掌握程度。高考对动词的考查主要集中在两 个方面： 动词（短语）的意义和动词的搭配等。考点1形似动词的考查1A completely new situation will _ when the examination system comes into existence.A. riseB. ariseC. arouse D. raise【答案与解析】B。rise上升，增强（不及物动词），起来；arise出现，上升，起立（不及物动词）；raise表示提高（及物动词）；arouse

2、引起，激起（及物动词）、觉醒，醒来，唤醒（不及物动词）。 根据句意：当考试系统形成的时候，一个完全的新局面就会出现。根据句意故选B。2After class, Mr. Zhangs extra instructions to the class helped _ the assignment to hisstudents.A. classifyB. clarifyC. cater D. compensate【答案与解析】B。classify分类；clarify阐明，明确；cater迎合；compensate补偿。句意：下课后， 张老师给全班做了额外的指导以帮助明确给学生的任务。选B。3How

3、can I _ money from my bank account to his?A. transferB. transformC. transmit D. transplant【答案与解析】A。transfer移交，转让；transform使改变；transmit传染；transplant移植。句意： 我如何把我账户内的钱转让到他的账户上呢？所以选A。4Because of the financial crisis this year, the company decided not to _ dividends(息)to its shareholders.A. vary B. distr

4、ibute C. disturb D. contribute答案与解析】B。vary变化，改变；distribute分配，分开；disturb打扰，妨碍；contribute贡献，出力。句意：因为今年的经济危机，公司决定不给股东们分配股息。故选B。5While intelligent people can often _ the complex, a fool is more likely to complicatethe simple.D. survive【答案与解析】C。sacrifice牺牲；substitute代替；simplify简化；survive幸存。句意：聪明的人 能够将复杂问

5、题简单化，而傻瓜往往将简单的问题复杂化。动词是英语中是构成句子的核心，量的1/3以上， 起着举足轻重的作用。动词和动词短语在历年高考题中所占比例最大，命题者着重考查在不同的语境中对动词及动词短语的应用，A. sacrificeB. substituteC. simplify26Thousands of foreigners were _ to the Shanghai World Expo the day it opened.3答案与解析】C。attend出席，参加；attain获得，达到，实现；attract吸引；attach附上，贴上。attract sb.吸引某人。句意：成千上万的外宾被

6、吸引来参加上海世博会。7The good thing about children is that they【答案与解析】A。句意：对于孩子们来说比较好的是他们能够非常容易地适应新的环境。appeal to呼吁，使感兴趣；attach to粘贴，附属于，隶属于；apply to申请。所以答案为A项。考点2动词意义的考查easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advicefor a worthy cause.答案与解析】C。approach靠近，接近；wrestle摔跤，斗争，努力解决；compromise妥协，和解，让步；commu

7、nicate交流。句意：他是不轻易做出妥协的，但是他愿意接受为值得一做的事2（2016高考英语浙江卷）We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite, ratherthan【答案与解析】A。divide将.分开；reject拒绝，拒收；control控制；abandon放弃。句意:们学会搁置分歧团结起来而不是让分歧分裂我们的时候，我们就会收获很多。3（2016高考英语浙江卷）When the time came to make the final decision for a course , I decided

8、toA. attendedB. attainedC. attractedD. attachedvery easily to new environments.A. adaptB. appealC. attachD. applyadapt to适应；（2016高考英语江苏卷）He did notA. approachB. wrestleC. compromiseD. communicate业所提出的任何建设性的建议。根据句意可知C项正确。us.A. divideB. rejectC. controlD. abandon当我apply for the one thatmy interest.A.

9、limitedB. reservedC. reflectedD. spoiled【答案与解析】G句意：当最后决定课程的时候到了,我决定申请一门能反映我兴趣的课程。limit限制；reserve保留；reflect反映，反射；spoil宠坏。故选C。4If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able toon the sea?A. floatB. drownC. shrinkD. split【答案与解析】A。句意：如果钢的质量重于水，那为什么船可以浮在水面上?float漂浮；drown淹死；shrink收缩；split洒出。5Studies h

10、ave shown that the right and left earsound differently.A. produceB. pronounce C. processD. download【答案与解析】C。句意：研究已经表明，左右耳处理声音的方式是不同的。produce生产或制造；意为4pronounce发音；process处理；download下载。耳朵不能够生产或制造，也不能发音，更不可能下载。所以答案只能是处理，也就是C。56Schools should be lively places where in dividuals are en couraged to_to thei

11、r greatestpote ntial.A. accelerate B. improveC. perform D. develop【答案与解析】D。句意：学校应该是鼓励个体最大限度地发展潜能的地方。accelerate加速，加快；improve改善，提高；perform表现，表演；develop发展。故选D项。7Top graduates from uni versities are_ by major compa ni es.A. chasedB. registeredC. offeredD. compe nsated【答案与解析】A。chase追求，追寻；register登记，注册；of

12、fer主动提供；compensate补偿，赔偿，报酬。句意：顶尖的高校毕业生受到了许多大公司的追捧（青睐）。8一Are you still mad at her?Not really, but I cant _that her remarks hurt me.定；refuse,reject,decline者E是拒绝的意思。9Some people eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what_ n ice.A. looksB. smellsC. feelsD. tastes【答案与解析】A。考查系动词辨析与上句中的eat with their e

13、yes相对，后句应该为看起来很好吃的东西。故正确答案为A。句意：一些人用眼睛来选择吃什么。他们喜欢点那些看上去好看的食物。考点3动词搭配的考查1（2016高考英语天津卷）1m going to _ advantage of this tour to explore the history of thec astle.A. putB. makeC. takeD. give【答案与解析】Co句意：我要利用这次旅行来探索这个城堡的历史。使用短语take advantage of,意为“利用”，其它选项不能和advantage of搭配。故选C。2See, your computer has brok

14、e n dow n aga in! It does nt _sense to buy the cheapest brandof computer just to save a few dollars.A. haveB. makeC. displayD. bring【答案与解析】B。句意：看看，你的电脑又坏了！只为省几美元买最便宜牌子的电脑是没有意义的。考 查动词短语的固定搭配：make sense有意义。根据句意可知选B。3My pare nts always_ great importa nee to my gett ing a good educati on.A. haveB. attac

15、hC. acceptD. payA.denyB. refuseC. rejectD. decli ne【答案与解析】A。句意：“你还生她的气吗?“不见得，但是我不否认她的话伤害了我。deny否认，否not deny无法否认。故选A。6【答案与解析】B。本题是动词固定搭配。have拥有；attach使.附着；accept接受；pay付钱；B项构成固定搭配attach sth. to sth.把.依附到.之上；attach importa nee to重视。句意：我的父母亲很重视让我得到良好的教育。根据句意说明4The watch was very good, and he_ 20 perce n

16、t dow n for it.A. paidB. costC. boughtD. spe nt【答案与解析】A。pay的主语是人，构成sb pays some money for sth某人花钱买某物；cost主语是物，构成it costs sb some money to do sth做某事花费某人多少钱；buy的主语是人，构成sb buys sth for sb或sb buys sb sth某人给另一人买某物；spend主语是人，构成sb spends time/money on sth/ (in) doi ng sth某人花时间或金钱在某事上/做某事。句意：这块表非常不错，而且他以(比原

17、价)少20%勺价钱买的它。5You are old eno ugh to_ your own living.A. winB. gainC. takeD. earn【答案与解析】D。句意：你已经到了可以自己谋生的年龄了。earn ones living讯ig意为挣钱；维持生计”，为固定搭配，还可以说make one s living。6What are you doing out of bed, Tom? Youre _ to be asleep.A. supposed B. known C. thoughtD. con sidered【答案与解析】Aoout of bed未上床，起床的意思，b

18、e supposed to do应当，应该。句意：Tom,你不上床睡觉在做什么？你现在应该睡觉啦。考点4熟词生义的考查1Shakespeares writ ing is still popular today. It has really_the test of time.A. failedB. stoodC. take nD. con ducted【答案与解析】Bo fail失败，未能做某事；stand站立，承受，经历，忍耐；D执行。句意：莎士比亚的作品现在仍然很流行，它真正地承受了时间的考验了。根据句意可知本句中的stand表示承受。故B正确。2The new movie_ to be o

19、ne of the biggest mon ey-makers of all time.A. promisesB. agreesC. prete ndsD. decli nes【答案与解析】Aopromise除了表示允诺，答应”外，还有有.的希望”的意思；agree同意，赞同；pretend假装；decline衰老，衰退。只有promises符合题意。句意：这部新电影有 望成为电影票房史上票房最高的影片之一。3Once you submit the on li ne form, your applicati on shall be_ with in a week and you willB正确

20、。7get a reply afterwards.A. preservedB. processedC. preparedD. predicted【答案与解析】Bo preserve保存，保护；process处理，加工，审阅，审核；prepare准备了；predict预测。句意：一旦你提交了表格，你的申请会在一个星期内得到审核，你很快会得到一个 答复的。根据句意说明B正确。考点5动词短语的考查8同一动词与介词或副词构成的短语1How could you_ such a fan tastic job whe n you have bee n out of work for mon ths.你已经失

21、业好几个月了，怎么还要拒绝这么好的工作呢？根据句意可知 义。2Ralph W. Emers on would always_ new ideas that occurred to him.A. set off B. set about C. set upD. set dow n【答案与解析】Do set off出发，开始；点燃；set about着手，开始（后面接动名词doing）；set up建立，成立，设立；set down写下，记下。句意：拉尔夫沃尔多爱默生过去总会记下他 突然想起的新主意。根据句意说明本句中使用set down表示写下，记下。故D正确。3一Dad , I dont th

22、ink Oliver the right sort of person for the job.I see. I will go right away and_.A. pay him backB. pay him offC. put him awayD. put him off【答案与解析】Bo pay back偿还，回报；pay off付清，（付清工资后）解雇；put away收拾，储存；putoff推迟。句意：“爸爸，我认为奧利弗是不适合这份工作的那种人。”“我知道，我马上付清工资后解雇他（付清工资后让他走人）”故B正确。Ive been trying to phone Charles a

23、ll evening, but there must be something w rong with then etwork; I cantseem to_ .A. get throughB. get offC. get inD. get along【答案与解析】A。get through完成，接通电话；度过；get off出发，离开；get in收割，插话；get along相处，进展。句意：整个晚上我都在试图给查尔斯打电话，但是网络肯定是出了故障：我似乎不能接通他的电话。根据there must be somethi ng wrong with the network可知电话网络出了问题

24、，我无法接通他的电话。故A正确。4He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the air-conditioning system.A. broke inB. broke upC. broke outD. broke dow n【答案与解析】Do break in强行闯入，进入；break up结束，分解，解散，断绝关系，（婚姻关系）破裂；break out （战争，火灾等）突然发生，爆发；break down （机械等）故障，毁坏。故选D项。句意：他不得不时不时的停下来擦拭额头

25、上的汗，因为空调出了故障。不同动词跟同一介词或副词构成的短语A. turn offB. turn inC. turn downD. turn to【答案与解析】Co turn off关闭；turn in上交；turn down拒绝，调低；turn to求助，转向。句意:C项符合上下文含9comfortable climate for bus in ess creati on.止，中断。句意：由于良好的创业环境，很多大学生创办的生意都很成功。根据句意可知B正确。his post as the head of the travel age ncy at the end of n ext month

26、.【答案与解析】A。句意：“对不起我的挂电话了，上课的时间到了。挂断电话；break up结束，分解，解散；give up持住，阻挡。根据句意应选A项。一Im surprised to hear that Sue and Paul haveSo am I. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.A. broke n upB. fini shedupC. dividedupD closed up【答案与解析】Aobreak up结束，分解，解散，断绝关系，（婚姻关系）破裂；finish up结果成为，最终到来；divide up

27、分隔，分割；close up（伤口）愈合。句意：“听说苏和 保罗分手了我很 惊讶地。” “我也是。上一次我看见他们的时候，他们似乎在一起很开心的。”不同动词跟其它词构成的动词短语1_（2016高考英语江苏卷）Parents should actively urge their children to _ the opportunitytojoin sports teams.A. gain admissi on toB. keep track ofC. take adva ntage of D. give rise to【答案与解析】Co gain admission to获准进入；keep t

28、rack of记录；take advantage of禾U用；give（2016高考英语江苏卷）Ma ny bus in esses startedup by college studentshavethanks to theA. fallen offB. taken offC. turned offD. left off【答案与解析】B。fall off跌落，下降；take off起飞，成功，受欢迎;turn off关闭；leave off停Peter willA. take upB. put upC.add upD. break up【答案与解析】A。句意：彼得在下个月底将担任这家旅行的社

29、负责人。take up拿起，开始从事；put up竖立；搭建；add up加起来；break up结束，分解，解散，断绝关系,（婚姻关系）破裂。所以选A。The whole teamCristia no Ron aldo, and he seldom lets them dow n.A. wait onB. focus onC. count on D. call on【答案与解析】G句意：全队都指望克里斯蒂亚诺罗纳尔多，他很少让他们失望过。wait on服侍，等待；focus on集中（注意力）于；count on指望，依靠；call on呼吁,拜访。故选C项。Sorry, I have to

30、now. Its time for class.OK, Ill call back later.A.hang upB. break upC. give upD. hold up” “好的，我会再打电话来。”hang up放弃；hold up举起，提出，抓举，支10rise to引起。句意：父母亲应该积极鼓励孩子抓住机会参加体育活动。根据句意可知C项正确。112（2016高考英语浙江卷）When their children lived far away from them , these old people felt _from the world.A. carried away B. br

31、oken down C. cut off D. brought up【答案与解析】C。句意：当孩子远离他们生活的时候，这些老人感觉和世界隔绝了。carry away带走，夺走；break down崩溃，破坏，抛锚，分解；cut off切断；bring up养育，培养。故选C。3（2016高考英语天津卷）Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally sheher opinion onthe subject.A. gave voice toB. kept an eye onC. turned a deaf ear of D. set foot on【答案与解析】A.。句意：玛丽在讨论的起初默不作声，但是最后她说出了自己对这个话题的观点。givevoice to将.说出，透露，表明；keep an eye on注意，照看；turn a deaf ear of对.充耳不闻；set foot on踏上。根据语境，故选A。4（2016高考英语天津卷）I ha