自动化专业英语单词(王宏文)

1、Abound v.大量存在Accelerate v.力口速Access v.存取，接近Accommodatev.容纳,使适应Acoustic adj.听觉的Acousticsensor 声传感器，声敏原件Acronymn.首字母缩写词Active adj.主动的，有源的Active network 有源网络Actuator n.执行器Ad hoc 尤其，特定地Address n.寻址Addressgenerators地址发生器Adjoint n., adj.伴随（的）,共轲（的）Admissible adj.可采纳的，允许的Advent n.出现Aerodynamicadj.空气动力学的Aer

2、odynamicn.空气动力学，气体力学Aesthetically adv.美术 地，美学地Aforementioned adj.上述的，前面提到的Agility n.灵活，便捷Ai人工智能Air gap 气隙Aircraft n.飞行器Airgap=air gap 气隙Air-to-close （AC） adj.气关的Air-to-open （AO） adj.气开的Albeit conj.虽然Algebraic equation代数方程Alignment n.组合All-electricrange 全电动行驶里程Alleviate v.减轻,缓和Allowance for finish加工余

3、量Alloy n.合金Alnico n.铝馍钻合金，铝银钻永磁合金Aloft adv.高高地Alphanumeric adj.字母数字混合的Alternative n.可供选择的办法Altitude n.海拔Aluminum n.铝Amortisseur n.阻尼器Amplifier n.放大器Amplify v.放大Amplitude n.振幅Answeringmachine电话答录机Anthropomorphicallyadv.拟人的Anti-aliasfilter 抗混叠滤波器Antilockbrakingsyste m防抱死系统APICS=AmericanProductionandIn

4、ventoryControlSociety 美国生产与库存管理学会Apparatusn.一套仪器,装置Application n.应用（程序）Approach n.途径，方法；研究Aptness n.恰当Arbitrary adj.任意的Arbitrary adj.任意的Architecture n.架构Architecturen.体系结构Archive v.存档Argument n.辐角，相位Arithmetic-logic unit算术逻辑部件Armature n.电枢，衔铁，加固Arrival angle入射角Arrival point汇合点Artificial intelligence

5、人工智能Artillery shell 炮弹ASIC=ApplicationSp ecificIntegratedCircu it特定用途集成电路Assembly n.装置，构件Assemblyline 装配生产线Assumption n.假设Asymmetric adj.不对称的Asymptote n.渐近线Asymptoticallystable渐近稳定Asynchronous adj.异步的At rest 处于平衡状态At the most 至多Attached adj.附力口的Attain v.达到，实现Attenuatev.减弱Attenuation n.衰减Attitude n.姿

6、态Attribute n.品质，特征Audio adj.音频的Auto-isolation n.自动隔离Automatictellermachine自动柜员机Autonomousadj.自治的Autonomousadj.自治的，自激的Auto-restoration n.自动恢复供电Auto-sectionalizingn.自动分段Auxiliary material 辅助材料Axon n.轴突Backlash n.齿隙游移Bandwidth n.带宽Bar code scanner 条码扫描仪Baud n.波特Become adept in 熟练Bench mark 基准点Bias n.偏压

7、Bi-directional adj.双向的Binary adj.二进制的Binary-coded adj.二进制编码的Biomass n.生物质Biopsy n.活体检查Bipolar adj.双向的Bjt双极结型晶体管Blackout n.（大区域的）停电Bldm无刷直流电动机Blockdiagramalgebra 方块 图计算（代数）Boiler n.汽锅,锅炉Boolean algebra 布尔代数Boost chopper 升压式变压器Bound v.限制Bracket v.加括号Break frequency 转折频率Breakaway point 分离点Breakdown n.击

8、穿，雪崩Breakover n.导通Brush n.电刷Buck chopper 降压式 变压器Building blocks 积木Buildingautomation楼宇自动化Bulky adj.庞大的，笨重的Bus-compatible adj.总线兼容的Bypass n.旁路；v.设旁 路By-product n.副产品CAD=Computer-aide dDesign计算机辅助设 计CAE=Computer-aide dengineering 计算机 辅助工程Cage n.笼子，笼形Calibrate v.校准Calibration n.校准，标度Calibration n.校准，检

9、查CAM=Computer-aid edManufacturing 计 算机辅助制造Can n.密封外壳Can控制器局域网，一 种现场总线Capacitor n.电容器Carbohydrate n.碳水化合物Carrier n.载波，载体Cascade n., v.串联； adj.串联的Cellulartelephones 蜂 窝电话Census n.人口统计Central processing unit ( cpu )中央处理 器CEO=ChiefExecutiveOfficer执行总裁，首席执行官Ceramic adj.陶瓷的Chain n.串Channel n.信道Characteris

10、tic adj.特性(的)；n.特性曲线Characteristicequation特征方程Characterrecognition文字识别Chlorophyll n.叶绿素Chopper n.斩波器Christen v.命名为Churnout 艰苦地做出CIM=ComputerIntegratedManufacturing计算机集成制造Circuit breaker 断路器Circuitry n.电路Circumstance n.状况， 环境Clamp v.箝位，定位Clock-driven adj.时钟 驱动的Closed-loop n.闭环Close-knit adj.紧密的 CNC=C

11、omputerNum ericalControl 计算机 数字控制Cockpit n.座舱Coefficientn.系数Coil n.绕组，线圈；v.盘绕Coincide v. 一致Combustible adj.易燃 的，可燃的Combustion n.燃烧Commercial off the shelf (cots )商业现货 Commercially adv.工 业地，商业地Commissioning n.试Conduction n.导电，Constraint n.约束条件Coordinate n.坐标，同车，试运转传导Consuming adj.控制等的人或物Commit v.保证Co

12、nfiguration n.构造，的Copper-clad n.镀铜Common logarithm结构Continuity n.连续性Core n.铁心常对数Configuration n.轮廓，Continuumn.连续Correspondingadj.Commutator n.换向格局Contour n.轮廓，外形相应的器，整流器Confine v.限制（在Controllabilityn.能控Cost-effective adj.性Complement v.补充，范围内）性能价格比（高）的求补Conjugate adj.共轲的Control-oriented adj.Coulomb f

13、riction 库Complex adj.复数的；Conjunction n.结合面向控制的仑摩擦n.复数Conjunction n.联合Controlpanel 控制盘Counterclockwise adj.Compound-woundConsecutive adj.连续Converge v.集中，汇聚，逆时针的dc motor 复励直流电的收敛Counterpartn.对应物,动机Console n.控制台Converge v.汇合配对物Comprehensiveadj.Constancy n.恒定Convertern.逆变器，Criteria n.标准综合（性）的Constant ma

14、trix 常数整流器Criteria n.判据Comprise v.包含矩阵Converter n.转换器,Critically damped 临Computer simulationConstant-speedadj.换流器，变流器界阻尼计算机仿真恒速的Conveyor n.传送带CRM=CustomerRelatConcentrated coil 集Constitutev.构造，组Conveyor n.传送带，传ionshipManagement中绕组织送机客户关系管理Concurrent adj.并发的Constraintn.强迫Convolution n.卷积Crossover fre

15、quency穿越频率CRT阴极射线管Crust n.外壳Crystal n.晶体CSMA/BA 载波侦听多路访问/位仲裁CSMA/CD载波侦听多路访问/冲突检测Culminationn.顶点，极点Cumbersome adj.麻烦的Cumulative adj.积累的Curbside n.路边Current-fed inverter电流源型逆变器Custom adj.定制的Cycloconverter n.交-交变频器Cycloconverter n.周波变换器Cylindrical adj.圆柱形的Cylindrical adj.圆柱（形）的Damper winding 阻尼绕组Dampin

16、g n.阻尼；adj.阻尼的Damp v.阻尼，减幅，衰减Data acquisition 数据采集Data filtering数字滤波Data logging数据记录Dataencryption 数字加密Datafusion数据融合Datatype n.数据类型Datawarehouse 数据仓库Dead substationtransfer 故障变电站转移Deadband n.死区Deadlock n.死锁,僵局Debugging n.调试Decay v.衰减Decibel n.分贝Decimal adj.十进制的Decode v.解码，译码Decompose v.分解Decouple v

17、.解耦，退耦Decrementn.减少量Deduce v.演绎De-facto adj.事实上的，实际的Defermentn.延期，暂缓Deflection n.偏（离，差）Defrost v.除霜Delta n.希腊字母8 （8）,三角形（物）Demagnetization n.去磁，退磁Dendrite n.树突Denominator n.分子Deodorize v.除臭Departure angle 出射角Dependent variable应变量Depict v.描述Deplete v.耗尽,使衰竭Derivation n.导数Derivation n.起源，得来Destabilize

18、 v.使打破平衡，使不稳定Detector n.探测器Deterioratev.恶化，变化Determinant n.行歹U式差分方程Displace v.转移极点Determinism n.确定Differential adj.差的，Display screen 显示Dope v.掺入性差别的屏Drastic adj.激烈的Determinism n.决定论Differential adj.微分Disrupt v.干扰，扰动Drastically adv.激烈地，Deterministic adj.确的n.微分Distortion n.失真彻底地定的Differential equation

19、Distributed adj.分散Dry friction干性摩擦Deterministic adj.确微分方程的，分布的Dual adj.双的，对偶的，定的Differentiatev.微分Distributed李生的Deterministic n.确定Digit n.位数parameter分散参数Dual slop 双积分性的Diminish v.（使）减少，Distribution n.分配，Duplex adj.双全工的Detractor n.批评者（使）变小分布，配电Duty ratio 占空比，功Detrimental adj.不 利Diode n.二极管，半导Disturban

20、cen.扰动率比的体二极管Disturbance n.扰动，DynamicresponseDevelop v.导出，引入Directmemory干扰动态响应Development systemaccess (dma )直接存Disturbance n.扰动Dynamics n.动态特性开发系统储器访问Diversification n.多样Eigenvalue n.特征根Deviation n.偏差Discontinuity n.不连化Eigenvalue n.特征值Diagnosis n.诊断续Domain n.域，领域（eigen-特征）Dial-out 拨叫Discrete adj.离散

21、的Domain n.范围，领域Elapse v.经过Dictate v.命令，要求Discrete adj.离散的Dominate v.支配，使Elastic adj.有弹性的Diesel n.柴油机Discrete adj.离散的；分服从Electric charge 电荷Difference equation离的Dominating pole 主Electrocardiogram n.adj. force )电动势adj. Emulationn.竞争心电图Electrochemical电化学的Electrochemical电化学的Electrochemical adj.电气化学的Elect

22、roencephalogramn.脑电图Electromechanical adj.机电的，电机的Electronic messages(mail )电子信息，邮件Electrooptical adj.电光的Eliminate v.¥ 肖除Eliminate v.消除,对消Elongate v.延长，拉长Embark v.从事，着手Embeddedsystem 嵌入式系统Emf ( electromotiveEmitter n.发射极Encircle v.环绕Enclose v.围绕Encoder n.编码器 Encompass v.包含Encounter v.遇至 ijEnd ef

23、fector 终端执 行机构End-effectors n.末端 执行器Ensuing adj.相继的Entail v., n.负担，需要Entry n.入口Equivalent adj.等价的; n.等价Equivalent adj.同等的, 等效的；n.同等，等效Equivalent adj.相等的， 相当的Erasable adj.可擦除的ERO=EnterpriseResourceoptimization 企业资源优化ERP=EnterpriseResourcesPlanning 企业资源计划Estimation n.预测,估计Ethanol n.乙醇Evaluation n.估计Ev

24、aporate v.(使)蒸发，(使)变为气体Even adj.偶数的Even multiple 偶数倍Event-driven adj.事件驱动的Evolve v.开展,进化，逐渐形成Excitation n.激励Expert system 专家系统Expertise n.专 门知识Exploit v.开发Exponential adj.指数的；n.指数Exponential adj.指数的Extreme adj.极端的；n.极端的事情/情况Fabrication n.构成，组成，制作Facilitate v.使容易,促进Factor n.因子；v.分解因式Factored adj.可分解的

25、Factory floor 工厂车间Fail-closed (FC) adj.无信号则关的Fail-open ( FO ) adj.无信号则开的Faraday n.法拉第FastFouriertransform转换器Fourier series 傅里叶计，安培计s快速傅里叶变换Fleet n.车队；adj.快速级数Gate n.H,门电路Fault-tolerant adj.容的Fractional adj.分数的General form .般形错的Flextime n.灵活定时上Fractional adj.小数的式Faulttolerant 容错班制Fraction n.分数，小数Gene

26、ralize v.概括，一Feedback n.反馈Flip-flop n.触发器Frame n.机壳，机座般化，普及Ferromagnetic adj.铁Floating-point adj.浮Framework n.构架，结Generalize v.-M化，磁性的，铁磁体的点的构普及Fetch v., n.取来Flux n.磁通Freewheeling n.单向Generator n.发生器，Fictitious adj.假想的Force commutated传动发电机Field n.域，字段强制换向Fuelcell燃料电池Geologically adv.地质Field winding

27、n.励磁Force-commutationFull-scall adj.满量程学地，地质地绕组n.强制换向的Geometry n.几何学，Field n.字段Forcing frequency 强Functionality n.功能几何形状Field-weakening n.弱制频率性Geothermal adj.地热磁Foregoing adj.前卸 的，Fundamental n.基本的Filter v.滤波以上的原理Geothermal adj.地热FilteringtechniqueFormulation n.公式化Fusion n.融合的滤波技术（表达）Fuzzy adj.模糊的Ge

28、rmanium n.错Final value 终值Forward biased 正向Fuzzy adj.模糊的Get around 回避，躲Firing angle 触发角加Gain n.增益开Flash converter 闪速Fouling n.阻塞Galvanometer n.电流Globally stable 全局稳定导（导航）系统Harsh adj.苛刻的Horsepower n.功率Gouge v.挖Habitat n.栖息地，居留Hexadecimal adj. 1 八Hotexchanger 热交换Graphicaluserinterfa地进制的器ce （GUI）图形用户界Ha

29、irline n.游丝，细测量Hierarchical adj.分级Housekeeping n.常规面线的事物Graphicequalizer图Hamiltonian 哈密尔Hierarchical adj.分级Hub height塔杆高度像均衡器顿的的，分层的Humanoidrobot 类人Greenhouse n.温室HandheldterminalHierarchy v.层次，级别机器人Grid n.格子，网格手持终端High end 高端Hurwitz criterion 赫Gripper n.抓手，夹持器Handshaking n.握手High-end n.高端尔维茨判据Gross

30、nationalHardware n.硬件Hilberttransforms n.Hybrid adj.混合的product 国民生产总Hard-wired n.硬接线希尔伯特变换Hybrid n.混合值Hardwired adj.电路的，Holding current 保持Hybrid adj.混合的Groundsourceheatp硬件连线实现的电流Hydraulicadj.水力的,ump地源热泵Harmonics n.谐波Homogeneous液压的GroupcontrolHarmonics n.谐波solution 通解Hydraulic adj.水压的system群控系统Harmon

31、ics n.谐波HomomorphicproceHydrauliccylinder液Gto门极可关断晶闸Harmonize v.协调ssing同态处理压缸管Harness v利用Horizontally adv.水平Hydro adj.水电的Guarantee v.; n.保证，Harness v.利用（河流，地Hydro-electric adj.水担保瀑布等）广生动力（尤Horsepower n.马力，力发电的Guidance system弓 1指电力）功率Hydroelectric adj.水电的Implement v.实现Inductor n.电感器Instruction set 指令

32、Hydrogen n.氢Implementationn.实Inertial集Hysteresis n.滞回线现，履行guidancesystems惯Instrument n.仪器，工I/o-mapped adj.输入Imply v.包含性导航系统且/输出映射的（单独编址）Improper integral 奇Infeasible adj.不可 行InstrumentIdentification n.辨识，异（无理）积分的transformer 仪表（用）识别Impulse v冲激Infinitesimal adj.无限互感器Identify v.确认，识别，In series 串联小的Inte

33、ger n.整数辨别Inactiven.不活动，停Infrared adj.红外线的Integral n.积分Identifyoneselfwith止Inherent adj.固后的Integrated circuit 集（in）参与，和 打成Incidentally adv.偶然Inhibit v.抑制成电路一片地Initial condition初始Integrate v.积分Identity n.致性，等Inclineto 倾向于条件Integro-differential式Incorporation n.合并Initial value 初值equation微积分方程Igbt绝缘栅双极型

34、晶Increment n.增里Input device 输入设Interactive adj.交互式体管Incur v.招致备的Igct集成门极换向晶Indentation n.缺口Insensitive adj.不敏感Interactive adj.交互式闸管Independent的的Imaginary axis 虚轴variable 自变量Insofar as到这样的程Interchangeably adv.Immerse v.沉浸，浸入In-depth adv.深入地度，在 范围内可交换地Imperfection n.不完InductionmachineInstruction set 指

35、令Interconnect v.互相连全，不足，缺点感应电机集接Interdisciplinary adj.跨学科的Interface n.界面Interpret v.解释，解析Intersect v.相交Intersection n.相交，逻辑乘法Interval n.间隔Intrinsic adj.内在的Intrinsic adj.固有的，体内的，体征Intrusive adj.侵入的Intuition n.直觉Intuitively adv.直观地Inventoryn.仓库管理Inverse n.反，逆，倒数Inverse transform 反（逆）变换Inverter n.逆变器Ir

36、relevance n.不相干，不切题Irrespective adj.不考虑的ISDN=IntegrateServiceDigitalNetwork 综合业务数据网Isocline n.等倾线Isosceles adj.等腰的IT=InformationT echnology信息技术Iterative adj.重复的，反复的Jacobian matrix 雅戈比矩阵Jargon n.行话JIT=Just-in-time 即时（生产）Jitter n.抖（颤）动，颠簸Justify v.证明Kinematics n.动力学Kirchhoff ' s first law基尔霍夫第一定律K

37、nowledge base 知识库Knowledgeengineering 知识工程Knowledge-based adj.基础知识的Lag v., n.延迟Lagging n.滞后Lagging n.滞后，迟滞Lag n.滞后Lagrangian 拉格朗日的Laminated adj.分层的,叠片的Landslide n.泥石流Laplacetransformation 拉普拉斯变换Lapse n.（时间等）流逝Latch v.抓住，占有；n.寄存器Latching current 闭锁电流Latentheat 潜伏热Latticework n.格子Layout n.布置,规划，设计，敷设L

38、ead n.导线Lead n.引线Leading adj.超前的Lead n.超前Leakage current 漏电流Leakage n.漏Lease v.出租Least-significant bit（msb ）最低有效位Liapunov李亚普诺夫Limit cycle 极限环Line to line voltage线电压Linear vector space线性矢量空间Lumped adj.集中的Matrix n.矩阵；pl./纳米机器人Linearization n.线性Lumped parameterMatricesMicro-manipulation化集中参数Mct mos 控制晶

39、闸管n.微操作Linearization n.线性Lumped adj.集总的MechanicalpowerMillenniumn.F年化Machine tool 机床机械功率Mimic v.模仿，学样儿Linearization n.线性Magnetic tape driveMechanism n.机理Minimize v.（使）最小化磁带机（制）,作用，原理化Load flow 潮流Magnitude n.幅值Mechanize v.使机械Minimum phase 最Load tap changer负Mammography n.胸化小相位载抽头开关转换器部透视Mediumaccessco

40、ntrMirror v.镜像LocalMandatory adj.命令的,ol （ MAC ）媒质访问控Mmunication强制的，托管的制曲解，误译networks 局域网Manipulatev.处理Memory-mappedMisleadingLocalization n.定位Manipulatedvariableadj.存储器映射的（统indication 导 致错误Locally stable 局域稳操纵量一编址）的读数定Manipulator n.操纵型Menial adj.仆人的Missile n.导弹Location n.（存储）单机器

41、人，机器手Merit n.优点；指标，Model n.模型v.建模元Marshaled n.整顿，配准则Modeling n.建模Look-up table 查询置Mesh n.网孔Moderate adj.缓和的表Matrix algebra 矩阵Metadata n.元数据Modification n.修正，Loop current 回路电代数Methanol n.甲醇修改流Matrix n.矩阵Micro/nano robot微Modulating n.调制Momenta n.动量，冲Multipointindictor多Nitrogen n.氮的量点式仪表Nonlinear adj.非

42、线性Offset n.静差Monolithic adj.单片的Multirangeindictor的Ohm n.欧姆More or less 或多或多量程式仪表Nonsalient adj.非凸Omit v.省略少Multistage adj.多级的，起的，隐藏的On the order of 属丁Most-significantbit多步的Notch n.换向点，换极同类的，约为(msb )最同启效位Multivariable adj.多点Onboard adj.随车携带Moveable-pointerin变量的Nullify v.无效的dicator动M式仪表Multivariable n

43、.多变Numerical adj.数值Ongoing v.使机械化Moveable-scaleindic量(字)的Onlinetransactionprator动圈式仪表Mundane adj.平凡的Numerical adj.数字的ocessing ( OLTP )联MRAC模型N自适N-dimensionaladj.NObservability n.能观机事务处理应控制维的性Opcode n.操作吗MRPNet n.净值；adj.净值Observable adj.可观Opening n.开度=MaterialRequireme的测的Open-loopn.开环ntsplanning制造资源N

44、etwork n.网络，电路Obsolete adj.废弃的，Operand n.操作数计划Network n.网络，电路淘汰的，过时的OperationalMultiplexer n.多路器Neural network 神经Ochronous n.同步的，mathematics 工程数(f网络等时的学Multiplication n.复合Neuron n.神经元Octal adj.八进制的Optimal control最优性Neutral adj.中性的；Odd multiple 奇数倍控制Multiply v.力口倍，倍增n.中性线Off-peak adj.非高峰Optimal contr

45、ol最优控制Overshoot n.超调里式识别Phase-lead n.相位超Order n.阶Overwhelming adj.压Peak time 峰值时间刖Ordinary differential倒一切的Pedal n.踏板Phase-lockedloopsequation常微分方程Package n.包Performance criteria锁相环Organism n.生物体，有Parallel n.类似性能指标Phase-plane机体Parameter n.参数Performanceindexequation 相平的方程Orifice n.孔，口Partialdifferent

46、ial性能指标Philosophy n.原理，原Origin n.原点equation偏微分方程Periodic adj.周期性的则Originate v.发生PartialfractionPeripheraln.外围设备，Photosynthesisn.光合Oscillation n.振荡expansion 部 分分式外设作用Oscillatory adj.振荡的展开式Periphery n.外围Photovoltaic adj.光电Outage n.暂时停电ParticularsolutionPermanent-magnet的Outline n.轮廓；v.提特解dc motor 永磁直流电

47、Piecewise adj.分段的出的要点Passionate adj.激烈的动机PiecewisecontinuousOutput device 输出Passive adj.被动的，无Personnel n.人员,职分段连续设备源的员Piggy-back adj.背负Overdamped adj.过Passive network 无源Phase controlled 相式的阻尼的网络控的Pilot n.飞行员Overlap v., n.重叠Patch v.修补Phase n.状态，相位PlanningapplicationOverride v., n.超过，Patternrecognitio

48、n 模Phase sequence 相规划申请压倒式识别序Plant n.机器，设备被控Overshoot n.超调Patternrecognition 模Phase-lag n.相位滞后对象Plot v.绘图；n.曲线图Pneumatic adj.气动的Pneumatic adj.气动的Polar plot极坐标图Polarity n.极性Polarity n.极性Pole-top n.杆顶Poll v.登记，通信，定时询问Polling n.轮询Pollutantn.污染物质Polymer n.聚合物Polynomial n.多项式Porcelain adj.陶制的Portability

49、n.轻便Portraitn.描述Portrait n.肖像,描写，型式Positive definite 正定Postindustrial adj.后工业的Potassium n.钾Potential n.（电）势Power boost功率推助装置Power factor 功率因数Power mosfet 电力 mosfet场效应晶体管Powerplant 发电厂Preact v.; n.超前;提前修正量Precursor n.先马区Predictable adj.可断定的Prediction n.矛盾Predominance n.优势Predominantly adv.卓 越地，突出地Pre

50、ferences n.参数选择Preloadable adj.预载的Preset adj.事先调整的Prevalent adj.流行的Prevent From doing使不Primarystorage（memory ）主存储器Prime mover原动机Principal adj.主要的Private lan 专用局域网Probability theory 概率论Procedure n.程序，过程Processor n.处理器Product n.乘积Proliferatev.激增Prominent adj.卓越的,突出的Property n.性质Proponent n.提倡者Proporti

51、onalto与成正比Propulsion n.推进，推进力Protocoln.协议Protocoln.协议Prototype n.原型（机）Prototype n.原型Proximitysensor 接近传感器Psdn公共交换数据网Pulsate v.脉动,跳动，振动Pulse-widthmodulation脉宽调制Punctuation n.标点符号Pyrometric adj.高温测量的Quadrant n.象限Quadratic adj.二次的;n.二次方程Quadratic adj.二次方的Quadrature encoder正交编码器Qualitatively adv.定性地Quas