基础英语学习资料

1、根底英语学习资料第一天1. Daily Expressions 日常用语：Asking about a person ' Sname：A: My name is Lily. What' s your name, pleasSPU莉莉.请问你叫什么名字？B: My name is Lucy.我叫露西.A: Can you spell it, please你能拼拼你的名字吗？B: Yes. L-u-c-y, Lucy.好的.L-u-c-y , Lucy.II. Words 单词：Names of fruits 水果名：apple: n.苹果,苹果树orange: n.橙子,桔子ba

2、nana:n.香蕉；芭蕉属植物pear: n.梨grape: n.葡萄；葡萄藤peach: n.桃子,桃树cherry: n.樱桃；樱桃树mango: n.芒果III. Sentence Pattern同型：Inviting a person to have something to eat/drink®请某人吃 /喝东西：A: Would you like an apple / some apples你想吃一个 /几个苹果吗？B: Yes, please. / No, thanks是的,谢谢./ 不,谢谢！IV. Grammar语法：Plural form of nouns名词的复

3、数形式：1 . 一般情况加-s,清辅音后读s,如grape grapes,浊辅音后读z,如apple apples；2 .以 s, x, ch, sh等结尾的词,力口 -es,读iz,如 peach peaches3 .以 ce, se, ze, de, ge 等结尾的词,力口 -s,读iz,如 orange oranges；4 .以“辅音字母加y结尾的词,改y为i加-es,读z,如cherry - cherries；5 .以“辅音字母力口 o 结尾的词,力口 -es,读z,如 mango - mangoes6 .特殊情况.第二天I. Daily Expressions 日常用语：Talkin

4、g about whether 谈论天气：A: Beautiful day, isn天气不皓,不是吗？B: We couldn ' t ask for a better day than和艮不错.II. Words 单词：Sports 运动：Basketball: n.篮球；篮球运动Football: n.足球比赛；足球Volleyball: n.排球；排球运动tennis: n.网球运动；网球ping-pong: n. 乒乓球；桌球swim: v.游泳skate:v.滑冰ski: v.滑雪jog: v.慢跑fish: v.钓鱼III. Sentence Pattern同型：What引

5、导的特殊疑问句：1. A: What ' s your favourite spttf最喜欢的运动是什么？8: My favourite sport is basketball/skating.我最喜欢的运动是篮球 /滑冰.2. A: What do you do in your spare time 你业余时间做什么？8: Playing basketball/Skating.打篮球/滑冰.IV. Grammar语法：-ing form of verbs 动词的-ing 形式：1 . 一般情况下直接加-ing,如 skiskiing, fish fishing；2 .以不发音的e结尾

6、的词,去掉e,再加-ing,如skate skating；3 .以重读闭音节结尾,最后又有一个辅音字母的词, 双写这一辅音字母,冉加-ing,如swimswimming, jogjogging.注意：1 音标中结尾的音节必须要重读,如listen就不属于这一类；2音标中结尾的音节必须是闭音节,如 try, play就不属于这一类；3单词最后只有一个辅音字母,且辅音字母前面只有一个元音字母,如 take, watch, work就不属于这一类.4 .特殊情况,如 lielying, diedying.练习：写出以下动词的-ing形式.lookseereadliste nhearsmelltast

7、esayspeaktalkaskanswe rsingeatdrinkthinkforge tfeeltouc hputwriteworkstudybeginstartgivehavecom egowalkrunjumpdancesitstandliesleep-flymakebringtakeget第三天I. Daily Expressions 日常用语：Telephone English 英语：你好！.8: Hello! This is George. Could I speak to Mr. Wang你好！我是乔治.我可以同王先生讲话吗？A: Speaking.我就是.II. Words

8、 单词：Things in a classroom 教室里的东西：Roof: n.屋顶;顶,顶部floor: n.地板；楼层blackboard: n.黑板wall: n.墙,壁,围墙,城墙door: n.门window: n.窗子,窗户,窗口desk: n.书桌,办公桌chair: n.椅子computer: n.计算机,电脑light: n.光；灯adj.明亮的；轻的；浅的v.点燃III. Sentence Pattern同型：There be句型表示某处存在某人/某物：肯定句：There is a computer in the classroom.这间教室里有一台计算机.There a

9、re two doors in the classroom.这间教室里有两道门.否认旬：There is not any sofa in the classroom.这间教室里没有沙发.一般疑问句：Is there a teacher in the classr00ms问教室里有教师吗？ Yes, there is.有.No, there isn 没自.Are there any books in the classroom这间教室里有书吗？ Yes, there are.有.No, there aren 没有.特殊疑问句： What are there in the classroom 这间

10、教室里有什么？ There are 22 desks, 21 chairs, and a blackboard.有 22 张桌子、21 把椅子和1块黑板.IV. Grammar语法：Plural form of nouns名词的复数形式：1 . 一般情况加 s,清辅音后读s,如 roofroofs, desk desks, light： lights,浊辅音后读z,如 blackboard blackboards, wall-walls 元音后读z, 如 floorfloors, doordoors, windowwindows, chairchairs, computecomputers；2

11、 .以 s, x, ch, sh等结尾的词,力口 es, 读iz, 如 busbuses, boboxes, peach-peaches, dish-dishes；3 .以ce, se, ze, ge等结尾的词, 力口 s, 读iz, 如 choice choices, license licenses, size sizes, orange-oranges；4 .以f或fe结尾的词,多数改f或fe为v加es,读z,如wolfwolves.但有些只加s,读s,如chiefchiefs；5 .以“辅音字母加y结尾的词,改y为i加es,读z,如cherry- cherries；6 .以“辅音字母加

12、o结尾的词,加es,读z,如mango- mangoes但外来词加es,读z,如photo- photos；7 . 特殊情况,如 man men, woman women, childchildren, footfeet, mouse mice, sheep-sheep练习：写出以下名词的复数形式.tigerfoxgoosefamilythiefwifecityzoostudentleaftomatotoothshelfknifeglasstoolchoicelicensebrushsizematch第四天I. Daily Expressions 日常用语：Asking the date 问日

13、期：A: What's the date today/tomorrow 今天/明天是几月几日？B: It is Apr. 18 today.今天是四月十八日./It is Apr. 19 tomorrow.明天是四月十九日.II. Words 单词：Months of a year 一年的月份:January:n. 一月缩：Jan.February: n.二月缩：Feb.March: n.三月缩：Mar.April: n.四月缩：Apr.May: n.五月缩：May.June: n.六月缩：Jun.July: n.七月缩：Jul.August: n.八月缩：Aug.September:

14、n.九月缩：Sep.October: n.十月缩：Oct.November: n. H缩：Nov.December:n.十二月缩：Dec.III. Sentence Patternsd型：When引导的特殊疑问句：1. A: When is your birthday 你的生日是哪一天？8: My birthday is Apr. 24.我的生日是四月二十四日.2. A: When can you come to China你什么时候能来中国？8: On May 10.五月十日.3. A: When do you celebrate your National Day 你们什么时候庆祝国庆节？

15、8: We celebrate our National Day on Oct. 1.我们在十月一日庆祝国庆节.4. A: When did you come to China你是什么时候来中国的？8: On Nov. 15, 2022.二零零四年H一月十五日.5. A: When will you buy that computer你打算什么时候买那台电脑？8: On May 1,2022.二零一三年五月一日.IV. Grammar语法：Tense时态：一M时进行时完成时完成进行时现在时一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成进行时过去时一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成进行时将来时一般将

16、来时将来进行时将来完成时将来完成进行时1过去将来时一般过去将来时过去将来进行时过去将来完成时过去将来完成进行时第五天I. Daily Expressions 日常用语：Asking the day of the week 问星期：A: What day is it today/tomorrow 今天/明天是星期几？B: It is Tuesday today.今天是星期二./ It is Wednesday tomorrow.明天是星期三.II. Words 单词：Days of a week周的日子：Sunday:n.星期日,礼拜日缩：Sun.Monday: n.星期一缩：Mon.Tuesd

17、ay:n.星期二缩：Tue.Wednesdays.星期三缩：Wed.Thursday: n.星期四缩：Thu.Friday: n.星期五缩：Fri.Saturday:n.星期六缩：Sat.week: n.星期,周weekend:n.周末,周末假期weekday: n.工作日III. Grammar语法：Simple present tens屋般现在时：1. 一般现在时的功能：1表示事物或人物的特征、状态,如 The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的.2表示经常性或习惯性的动作,如 I get up at six thirty every day.我每天六点半起床.3表示客观现实,如 The

18、 earth goes around the sun地球绕着太阳转.2. 一般现在时的构成：（1） be动词：肯定何：主语加is/am/are加其它,如I am a secretary.我是一名秘书.否认何：主语加 be力口 not加其它,如 He is not a worker.他不是工人.一般疑问旬：be加主语加其它,如 Are you a teacher你是教师吗？ Yes. I am.是的./ No, I'm not.不是.特殊疑问旬：疑问词加一般疑问旬,如 Where is my bike我的自行车在哪里？ It is under the tree.在树下.(2)行为动词：肯

19、定何：主语加行为动词加其它,如 We study English.我们学习英语.当主语为第三人称单数he/she/it时,要在动词后加s或es,如Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语.否认句：主语加don't/doesn't加动词原形(加其它),如I don't like bread.我不喜欢面包.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't 构成否认句,如 He doesn't often play.他不常玩.一般疑问句：Do/Does加主语加动词原形加其它,如 Do you like swimming你喜欢游泳吗？ Yes, I do.是

20、的./ No, I don't. 不.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doe幽成一般疑问句,如Does she go to work by bike她骑自行车上班吗？ Yes, she does. 是的./No, she doesn't.不.特殊疑问旬：疑问词加一般疑问旬,如 How does your father go to work你父亲怎么去上班？ He goes to work by bike.他骑 自行车去上班.3. 一般现在时的时间状语：Always:总是,一直；永远usually:通常often:经常,常常sometimes:不时,有时regularly:定期,有规

21、律地occasionally:偶尔；非经常地seldom:很少；不常never:从不,从来没有；决不every day/week/month/ year:每天 /周 /月 /年第六天I. Daily Expressions 日常用语：Asking the time 问时间：A: Excuse me, but could you tell me the time对不起,能告诉我现在是什么时间吗?B: It s a quarter past three.十五分.II. Words and phrase弹词和词组：Get: v.获得；变成up: ad.向上；起床,起来get up起床start: v

22、.开始；出发work: v. 工作n.工作start working开始工作English: n.英语a.英语的；英国人的class:n.班级,阶级,社会等级,种类,一节课begin: v.开始English class begins 英语课开始go: v.去for: prep.为；给；由于breakfast:n.早餐lunch: n.午餐,美便餐supper:n.晚餐go for breakfast/ lunch/ supper去吃早餐 / 午餐/ 晚餐have: v.有,持有,拿,从事某事have breakfast/lunch/suppe吃早餐/午餐/ 晚餐to: prep.至1J.be

23、d: n.床；河床go to bed上床睡觉III. Sentence Pattern同型：What time引导的特殊疑问句：A: What time do you get up these days 你最近几点起床？B: At 6:30 a.m.早上六点半.A: What time do you study English these days 你最近几点学英语？B: From 14:30 to 16:45.从 14:30 至U 16:45.IV. Grammar语法：Adverbials of Time 时间状语：1 .at表示在某具体时刻,如 at 4:20 p.m.； on表示在某天

24、,如on May. 4th, 2022, on Wednesday, on May Day in表示在某段时间,如 in a second, in two minutes, in three hours, in four days, in five weeks, in six months, in seven years, in eight centuries, in the first week, in May, in 2022, in the 21st century； from - to 表示在两个时间点之间的时间段, 如 from 14:30 to 16:45, from Monday

25、 to Friday; from May 1st to May 7th, from 1999 to 2022;2 .表达时要先说具体时刻,再说某天,如 at 4:30 p.m. on May 4th, 2022;3 .today, yesterday, tomorrow以及 this/last/next/every week/month/year/century的前面不需要力口介词；4 .in the morning/afternoon/evening, 但是 on the morning of this Wed.I. Daily Expressions 日常用语：Wishes for a t

26、rip 旅行祝福：A: Have a good trip!旅行愉快！B: Thank you!谢谢！II. Words 单词：Stationery 文具：Pen:n.钢笔pencil: n.铅笔chalk: n.粉笔erasenn.橡皮,黑板擦,消字灵,挖字刀ruler: n.尺knife: n.小刀stapler: n.订书机clip: n.回形针；夹子；钳子v.夹住notebook: n.笔记本calculator: n.计算器,计算者III. Sentence Pattern?型：Where引导的特殊疑问句:1. A: Where is my pen我的钢笔在哪里？B: It s on

27、the书桌上.2. A: Where is Mr. Wang 王先生在哪里？8: He ' s at thecdo 他在门 口.3. A: Where is Brazil 巴西在哪里？8: It s in South Ameri您南美洲.IV. Grammar 语法：第七天Adverbials of Place 地点状语：1. at 表示在某点,如 There is a man at the door. 门 口有位男士； in 表示在中,在里,如 There are some books in thedesk.书桌里有一些书；on表示在的外表上,如 There are some Eng

28、lish words on the blackboard.黑板上有一些英文单词；under表示在的正下方,如 There is a pen under the chair.椅子下有支钢笔； over表示在的正上方,如 Thereis a light over the desk. 这张书桌上方有一盏灯； below 表示在的下方,如 There is a ladder below the window. 窗子下有一架梯子；above表示在的上方,如The plane is flying above the clouds. 飞机正在云层上面飞行；behind表示在 后面,如 There is a

29、ball behind the door.门后有一个球.2. There are some apples on the tree.由于苹果是长在树上的；但是 There is a cat in the tree.由于猫不是长在树上的练习：介词填空.1. There are three windows the wall and a clock the wall.2. The dog is the door. I cannot see it.3. What are these boxes4. There is a computer the desk.5. Lucy is standing the

30、window.6. There is a bike the tree.7. There is a bridge the river.8. The lights are the blackboard.第八天I.Daily Expressions 日常用语:Ask about one's May Day holiday人的五一假期情况:A: How is your May Day holiday 你五一假期过得怎么样？B: Very good. I went to the Summer Palace with my friends.非常好.我同朋友去了颐和园.II.Words单词：Depa

31、rtment部门:总经办General Manager副总办Deputy General Manager人力资源部Human Resources采购部Procurement销售部Sales and Marketing生产设备部Manufacture and Equipment产品工程部Product Engineering质量保证部Quality Assurance财务部Finance and AccountingIII. Sentence Pattern同型：Which引导的特殊疑问句:A: Which department do you work in 你在哪个部门工作？B: I work

32、 in M & E Dept.我在生产设备部工作.IV. Grammar 语法：Genitive of noun 名词的所有格：1、直接用物主代词,如 my computer我的计算机、your manager你们的经理、our chief我们的科长；工人的2、用's表示,如Betty 's father贝蒂的父亲、this boy s pen这个男孩的钢笔、Children s Day儿童节、workers ' tools工具、today s newspaper今天的报纸；3、用of表示,如assembly workshop of M & E Dept

33、.生产设备部的组装车问.练习：汉译英.你的计算器 他们的笔记本 露西的书桌 那个女孩白橡皮 教师节 这些学生们的书 今天的英语课 这台压缩机的上盖 生产设备部的机加工车间 第九天I. Daily Expressions 日常用语:Ask about the colour of something 问某物的颜色：A: What colour are your shoes你的鞋子是什么颜色的？B: They are black.它们是黑色的.II. Words 单词：Colour 颜色：black: n.黑色adj.黑色的white: n.白色adj.白色的red: n.红色adj.红色的yell

34、ow: n.黄色 adj. 黄色的blue: n.蓝色 adj. 蓝色的green:n.绿色 adj. 绿色的pink: n.粉红色adj.粉红色的purple: n.紫色 adj. 紫色的brown: n.棕色adj.棕色的grey: n.灰色 adj. 灰色的III. Sentence Pattern同型：祈使句：表示请求、命令的句子是祈使句,它的主语是you,通常不说出.1 .祈使句的肯定结构：1 Stop!停！2 Be careful!小心！3 Give it to me.把它给我.4 Colour the trees green.把这些树涂 成绿色.2 .祈使句的否认结构：1 Don

35、't move!别动！2Don'tbe late别迟到.3Don't smoke here不要在这里吸烟.3 .谓语动词是Let的结构：1 Let' s start work now自们现在开始工作吧.2 Let him do it.让他做吧.IV. Grammar 语法：Articles 冠词：英语中,冠词有三个,a,an和the.其中,a和an是不定冠词,the是定冠词.不定冠词a和an表示泛指,所指的是一个什么人 或什么物,具有“一个的意思,但不强调数量,用于第一次提到一个人或东西时.定冠词 the表示特指,所指的人或事物是说话 人和听话人都知道的.例如：

36、I have a book. The book is new. 我有一本书,这本书是新的.I can see a kite. The kite is inthe sky.我能看到一只风筝,这只风筝在天上.有些情况下可以不用冠词：1泛指的复数名词前不用冠词,如Those are lights.那些是灯.2不可数名词用于泛指时不用冠词,如This is Brazilian coffee.这是巴西咖啡.3专有名词前一般不用冠词,如 China中国,但是由普通名词构成的专有名词前一般要加定冠词the,如the Great Wall长城.4在某些固定短语中不加冠词,如 go to work去上班,aft

37、er class 课后,by bus乘巴士.练习：用a、an、the或x填空.1. There is computer on desk.2. She has lunch at 12:00 every day.3. These are desks and chairs.4. That is pure water.5. There are three windows in wall.6. There is man at door.7. I like playing basketball.8. There are many lights in classroom.9. We are going to

38、 Summer Palace this weekend.10. When do you go to bed every day11. This is pen.pen is mine.12. He lives in Beijing.第十天I. Daily Expressions 日常用语：Ask about people 问人：A: Who' s the girl in a white blouse and a blue ski那个穿白衬衫、蓝裙子的女孩是谁？B: She is my cousin.她是我的表妹.II. Words 单词：Clothes服装:coatsweatershir

39、tT-shirttrousers外套；上衣厚运动衫；毛线衫男衬衫圆领汗衫长裤blouseskirtdresshatscarf女衬衫；童衫女裙女装；童装小计围巾；头巾；领带tieglovessocksstockingsshoes领带手套短袜长袜鞋III. Sentence Pattern同型：WhoselH导的特殊疑问句:A: Whose coat is this?这是谁白上衣？ /Whose is this coat这件上衣是谁的?B: It ' s my c/ttat： s mine.我的.IV. Grammar语法：Pronoun玳词：人称代词物主代词主格宾格形容词性名词性Imem

40、ymineyouyouyouryourshehimhishissheherherhersitititsitsweusouroursyouyouyouryourstheythemtheirtheirs例句:1、主格人称代词：(1) I have a blue dress.我有一条蓝色的裙子.(2) He has a white shirt.他有一件白色的衬衫.(3) Weare Chinese.我们是中国人.2、宾格人称代词：(1) I love you!我爱你！(2) Give it to me 把它给我.(3) Let us go.让我们走吧.3、形容词性物主代词：(1) I love my

41、 work.我热爱我的工作.(2) What' Sier name她叫什么名字？(3) Your room is very clean.你们的房间彳艮干净.4、名词性物主代词：(1) This is your coat. That ismine.这是你的外套,那是我的.(2) Our room is on the third floor, and theirs is on the second.我们的房间在三楼,他们的在二楼.(3) Their office is on the first floor, and ours is on the second.他们的办公室在一楼,我们的在二

42、楼.第十一天I. Daily Expressions 日常用语：A: Good luck!祝你好运！B: Good luck!祝你好运！II. Words 单词：Adjectives 形容词：good好的bad坏的young年轻的old年老的new新的old旧的big大的small小的many多的(修饰可数名词)few少的(修饰可数名词)much多的(修饰/、可数名词)little少的(修饰/、口数名词)long长的short短的straight直的curvy弯的tall高的short矮的fat胖的thin瘦的clever聪明的foolish愚蠢的busy忙的free闲的III. Senten

43、ce Pattern同型：How加形容词引导的特殊疑问句：1. A: How old are you 你多大了 ？B: 24.二十四岁.2. A: How many compressors do you produce every day你们每天生产多少台压缩机？B: Sorry, I don ' t确徽,我不知道.3. A: How much is it ?多少钱B: $ 50.五十美元.4. A: How long have you been studying English 你学习英语多久了 ？8: For 12 years.十二年.IV. Grammar语法：形容词的比拟级和最

44、高级：形容词有原级、比拟级、最高级之分.其中比拟级用于二者之间进行比拟 ,指一个比另一个“更 或“较,最高级用于表示三者或三个以上的人或事物中的哪个“最.形容词的比拟级和最高级的变化方法如下：(1) 般情况：直接力口 -er/-est,如 young-younger-youngest old-older-oldest, new-newer-newest small-smaller-smallest,few-fewer-fewest, long-longer-longest, short-shorter-shortest straight-straighter-straightest tall-

45、taller-tallest(2) 以e结尾的词：直接加-r/-st,如free-freer-freest(3) 以 “辅音字母 +y结尾的词： 变 y为i冉力口-6/-6$、如curvy-curvier-curviest, busy-busier-busiest(4) 重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的词：双写末尾辅音字母,冉加-er;/-est,如big-bigger-biggest, fat-fatter-fattest,thin-thinner-thinnest(5) 双音节(以“辅音字母+y结尾的除外)及多音节的词：在词前加 more/most,如foolish-more foo

46、lish-most foolish(6) 特殊情况：如 good -better-best bad-worse-worst, many/much-more-most, little-less-least, clever-cleverer-cleverest译练习：a good day two old menthe biggest classroom 台新计算机 件更/、的男式衬衫许多计算机第十二天I. Daily Expressions 日常用语：Get information 获取信息：A: Will you go to Shanghai by train or by plane你要乘火车还

47、是乘飞机去上海？B: By plane.乘飞机.II. Words 单词：Vehicle汶通工具：bike 自行车motorbike 摩托车car小汽车taxi出租汽车jeepn日bus公共汽车trucktrainplaneboatshipforklift卡车火车飞机小船轮船铲车III. Sentence Pattern同型：How引导的特殊疑问句：1. A: How are you 你(身体)好吗？8: Fine. Thank you.好.谢谢！2. A: How do you come to work every day 你每天怎么上班？8: By bus.乘大巴.IV. Grammar语法：特殊疑问句：就句中某一局部提问的疑问句叫做特殊疑问句.其构成是疑问词+助动词+句子的其它局部.Who： (1) Who is it 谁？ (2) Who lives in the room 谁住这个房间？Whom： (1) Whom is this letter from 这封信是谁寄来的？ ( 2) Whom do you love best 你最爱谁？Whose： (1) Whose ruler is it 它是谁的尺？ ( 2) Whose parents live in Beijing 谁的父