2020年编辑高考英语7选5答题技巧及练习

1、欢送来主页高考七选五破解方案题型解读：在2022和2022年英语试卷中多个地区采用 七选五型阅读理解题,试题模 式为：给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章,对应有七个选项,要求同学们根据文章结构、内 容,选出正确的句子,填入相应的空白处.?测试说明?对该题型命题目的的表述为 主 要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握.一.7选5的考察要点这一考查题型对阅读理解提出了更高层次的要求,即不仅要有阅读速度,要对所读 文章的主旨要义、具体信息要有所了解,尤其重要的是要掌握作者的写作意图、观点, 区分出论点和论据,并且能够把握文章的写作结构和脉络层次,只有了解了这一切,才 能比拟准确地确定

2、应该选择哪个选项.不过,只要了解了这种新题型所考查的要点,出题位置,在阅读文章时有意识地加 强对文章写作思路和结构组织安排的理解,掌握英语文章常见的几种写作结构,对迅速 增强此类新题型的应对水平还是非常有帮助的.1出题位置往往,段首,段中,段尾,缺1旬或1个以上的句子.该节分为两个局部：主干局部和选项局部.主干局部的原文约300词,其中有5段空白处,空白处的位置可能在段首、段中、段未,选项局部为7段文字,每段可能是一个句子,可能是两三个短句.其中 5段文字分属于主干局部的空白处.要求考生 依据自己对文章的理解从选项中选择 5段文字放回到文章中相应的5段空白处.2出题数量非等额选项题目5道,7个

3、选项3文章结构a描述性结构主要介绍事物、问题或倾向的特点,对人物的描述如传记,包括人 身体特征、家庭背景、成长过程、个性爱好、成就奉献等内容进行描述,因此时间、地 点往往是出题重点b释义性结构解释某一理论、学科、事物,主要用例子比喻类比阐述 c比拟性结构把两个人或事物功能、特点、优缺点进行比照d原因性结构这种结构主要分析事物的成因、客观的、主观的、直接的、间接的 e驳斥性结构这种结构主要是先介绍一种观点,然后对其评论或驳斥,然后分析 其优点缺点、危害性、最后说明自己的观点二.7选5的解题步骤1快速阅读全文要点词句,包括首尾段、首尾句以及独立成段的句子和文章中带转 折词的句子等,目的是掌握文章的

4、主要内容.2然后再边读边做题,重点阅读各个问题附近的句子,圈定线索词,然后从选项中 寻找相关的特征词,以确定答案.做题时可以采用代入排除法.如果一题做不出或拿不 准,可先放过,继续往下读,先做容易的能做出的题,直到读完整篇文章.至此,文章 的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应根本清楚了.3重新阅读相关词句,重点做刚刚没做出的题或不确定的顾,此时可将已诜出的答 案代入原文,利用排除法.同时检查核对已选出的答案,看文章从内容上是否语义连贯 合理,语篇结构上是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、符合逻辑,写作思路是否清楚明了、格 式以及用语是否恰当贴切.如果所选的答案可以满足上述标准,那么说明各个问题的答案

5、根本正确.4.比拟两类关键词 ：将7个选项的关键词与 5个空的前后句中的关键词讲行比拟, 匹配的是正确答案.精品文档欢送来主页具体方法：1.阅读各个空的前后句,标记关键词 在阅读文章的开始局部、明确文章的根本话题以后,要阅读五个空自的前后句,并将前 后句中的解题线索,即关键词标记下来.关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组如带 有形容词的名词词组,专有名词、时间数字、代词、连词等.2 .阅读各个选项,尤其是选项的首句,标记关键词3 .比拟并匹配上述两类关键词,确定答案4 .将确定的答案代入原文,看读起来是否通顺.如：下面一篇文章51 You don t show your secret perso

6、nality when you are awake because you can control your behavior, but when you are asleep your sleeping position shows the real you. 52.The important position is the one that you go to sleep inIf you go to sleep on your bacK you re a very open perscYou normally trust people and you are easily influen

7、ced by fashion or new ideas You don t like to displease peoplSo you never express your real feelings 53If you sleep on your stomach, you are a rather secretive person. You worry a lot and you ralways easily upset. You always stick to your own opinions or judgment, but you aren t very ambitiouk4心、.54

8、.This means that you enjoy having a good timeIf you sleep curled up, you are probably a very nervous personYou have a low opinion of yourself and so you reften delusive. You reshy and you don n ormally like meeting people.You prefer to on your own, You re easily hurtIf you sleep on your side, yon ha

9、ve usually got a well-balanced personality 55.Yon re usually careful. You believe in yourself. Yon sometimes feel anxious but you don t often get sad. You always say what you think even if it makes people rather angry.A. You re quite shy and you aren t quite sure of yourselfB. You know your strength

10、s and weaknessC.Normally people seldom change their sleeping positionD .Everyone has got two personalities the one that is shown to the world and the other thatis secret and rea lE.Maybe you don t want to make friends with a person who sleeps curled up.F .You usually live for today not tomorrow.G. I

11、n a normal night, of course, people frequently change their positions1 .标记空前后句中的关键词本文主要讨论各种睡眠姿势反映出的各种性格.各个空前后句的关键词标记如下：51 . 空后：名词词组 secret personality , don t show52 .空前position空后important ,position, the one ,等.说明空中要填入的选项含 有此类词汇.精品文档 欢送来主页53 . 关键词：never express your real feelings54 . 关键词：aren t very

12、 ambitioui(心、).空后,you enjoy having a good time.55 .空前句中的关键词： well-balanced ,空后为careful56 标记选项中的关键词(A)关键词shy, aren t quite suTe明空的前一句可能提到过一种不敢干什么(B) know your strengths and weaknes脱明一个人性格是好的,优缺点都知道而且能 调控.(C) seldom change their sleeping position说明前后一句可能提到数字,而且是很少 的.(D) two personalities, shown secret

13、(E) don t want to make friends sleeps curled up.(说明前面或后面肯定提至U蜷着 身子睡觉的人的各种个性.(F) live for today not tomorrow (活在当下,没抱负)(G) frequently change their positions57 .比拟两类关键词将7个选项的关键词与5个空的前后句中的关键词进行比拟,发现匹配的是：51与 D、52与 G、53 与 A、54与 F、55 与 B.58 代入原文将确定的选项代入原文,发现意义上与逻辑上都通顺,因此为正确答案.七选五解题策略七选五解题的关键是能娴熟地利用各种衔接手段.

14、衔接手段分为三种：词汇衔接、 逻辑衔接、结构衔接(具体如下).一.词汇衔接又可以具体分为三种：代词、同义词/近义词、上下义词/同一范畴词对应关系.1 .代词英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高,代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念,巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题.例题： The new design was well received by the reception staff of the hotel chain. 精品文档欢送来主页正确选项句子为： They all believe that its introduction has led to a m

15、odern , more professional corporate image and greater confidence among them.例题分析：选项中的they是一个复数人数主格代词,对应空格前句中的staff.staff 是一个集合名词全体员工,是个复数概念.代词中有一类叫不定代词,常见的有： one, everyone, everybody, each, both, all, many, these, th除, 特另U要注意它们所指代的名 词概念的单复数性质,考生如果对此比拟敏感,对解题有很大的帮助.例题：It is important, therefore, that

16、we should know what people using our stores want of us.During the past two years, we have been working hard to improve the standard of our products in both these areas.正确选项句子为：The research made by the company shows that, above all else,customers expect fashion and value.例题分析：空格后的旬末in both these area

17、升both这个不定代词提示考生空格中 一定出现两个并列的名词概念,即 fashion and valua当然该题也可通过同义词对应解 题：选项中的expect对应空格前的want,表 需求.2 .同义词/近义词英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使 用,这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索.其实就其本质而言,上文讲的代词和下文将 涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义 /近义词.例题：Laura Ashley made a fortune by looking back to past centuries, searching for old designs to

18、decorate a variety of clothes and household furnishings.正确的选项是： These traditional products created a huge wave of demand from the States and elsewhere.例题分析：空格前句中的01d和选项中的traditional是近义词,是很明显的同义对 应关系.有的时候,如果选项中出现空格前后句里相同的词汇,尤其是实词特别是名词, 这往往是很好的提示.这就是所谓的同词重复现象.例题：51 You don t show your secret personali

19、ty when you are awake because you can control your behavior, but when you are asleep your sleeping position shows the real you正确选项为 Everyone has got two personalities-the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and rea l例题分析：空格后句和空格里都出现了personality, secret,在读选项的时候很容易注意到这个同词重复的解题线

20、索.3 .上下义词/同一范畴词精品文档欢送来主页什么是上下义词和同一范畴词？举个例子你们就明白了.Fruit和apple之间就是上下义词,由于前者包含了后者,或可以说后者是前者的一个子集.Apple和orange之间那么是同一范畴的关系,都属于fruit o利用前后句中这样的特殊的同义关系常常可以 很轻松地解题.例题：A recently study by American management institute shows that the processing of documents takes up 60% of office works ime, 40% of labor cost

21、s and up to 10% of business income.正确的选项是： These figures are hardly surprising since documents convey nine-tenths of all information.例题分析：选项中的these figures提示我们前旬一定出现了大于等于三个数字, figure/number/ data等都是表示 数字、数据的意思,空格前面出现了三个百分数,属于 数字的一种,是上下义词的关系.例题： Certain key products have been subject to a thorough re

22、view, most notably menswear, where significant advances have been made in product design and manufacture.All of these have reported an increase in market share.正确的选项是： Other areas where product innovation has been particularly effective are in lingerie,女士 内衣 gifts and home ware.例题分析：空格后旬开头的all of th

23、ese提示我们空格里面肯定出现大于等于三个 并列的名词概念,正是选项中的lingerie 女士内衣,gifts 礼品and home ware家 居用品,这三个名词与前句中的 menswear短士服装属于同一范畴类的事物,都是百 货商店中的常见商品类别.从这道例题我们还能得出这样一个有用的结论：很多题目的 衔接可能不止一个,我们可以从不同的角度来解题或对答案进行验证.4数字线索包括具体数字以及和数字相关的词汇诸如numbers, rate等等.作者列出数字,除了和其他数字进行比照和比拟之外,还可以用数据来说明一个观点.Researchers analyzed the contents of 2

24、8 strawberry-flavored products sold in stores.72 Of the 11 products that did contain strawberries, five of them contained lessthan one percent real fruit In addition, each juice box contained nearly eight teaspoons of sugar 正确答案为 They found that about 60 percent of them didnt contain any fruit at al

25、l 从数字 60 percent空后11和空前的28可以推出此空与数字有关.再从空中的them和空后的the 11 products可以推测前面提到了 products.二.逻辑衔接根据前后句之间的逻辑关系又细分为：解释关系、例证关系、因果关 系、顺逆关系.1 .解释关系精品文档欢送来主页前后旬之间含有解释的逻辑关系,这样的逻辑关系是很隐蔽的.例题 that s why I don t wear a wMt前施选项： He has tried to create anenvironment where people are not afraid例题分析：后面说不穿白大褂,前面那么为解释的原因.

26、2 .例证关系前后旬的某句是为了证实另一句而举的例子.例证的形式多样,但就其本质而 言无非是思维上的形象例子、类比等和抽象观点的辩证关系,用到的思维过程 无非就是根本的归纳从例子到观点和推理从观点到例子.例题： Manager should provide regular feedback to their staff.正确选项： For example, when good work has been done it must be praised.例题分析：选项是对前旬举了一个十清楚显的例子.3 .因果关系前后旬的逻辑是因果关系,常见的逻辑表达有：because, for, since,

27、as, the reason is that, result in/ from, be due to, be attributed to等等.还有一些表示因果逻辑关系的表 达是比拟隐蔽的,如：underlie 前者构成后者的根底,实际是前者是因,后者是果, 再如：in response to前者作为后者的回应,即后者是因,前者是果.希望考生在平日英 语学习中多作总结,这对高考的各个局部的解题都有好处.例题：There is no doubt that, in an increasingly competitive trading environment, we are better equip

28、ped than ever to compete and to win and we feel increasingly optimistic.正确选项：This is due to our now having a clear strategy 战略 with a focus on the customer, product improvement例题分析：选项句中有个非常重要的形容词clear,这个词足以说明该公司的strategy战略是正确的,一家公司有着清楚而正确的战略思想当 然会使其蒸蒸日上.空格前面一句正是讲的该公司踌躇满志,十分乐观.空格旬开头的 this is due to反映

29、出这样的因果逻辑关系.4 .顺逆关系英语行文中后句对前旬不是顺承逻辑关系就是逆转逻辑关系,这是显然的常 识.如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转,那么空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子.例题： know as Glasgow s most fashionable denti确选项 Jerome is keen to point out that he takes his work very seriously. 例题分析：空格前旬作者用了一个 as引起的 倒装表示尽管他是城里最时尚的牙医,但人家对工作可是take seriously,不是绣花 枕头.所以考生可以在备选项中搜寻转折逻辑的各种表达法

30、,很快就能找出正确的选项.精品文档欢送来主页三：结构衔接(主要看文章结构和出题位置)文章结构：a)描述性结构(主要介绍事物、问题或倾向的特点,对人物的描述如传记,包括人身 体特征、家庭背景、成长过程、个性爱好、成就奉献等内容进行描述,因此时间、地点 往往是出题重点)(b)释义性结构(解释某一理论、学科、事物,主要用例子比喻类比阐述 )(c)比拟性结构(把两个人或事物功能、特点、优缺点进行比照)(d)原因性结构(这种结构主要分析事物的成因,客观的、主观的、直接的、问 接的)(e)驳斥性结构(这种结构主要是先介绍一种观点,然后对其评论或驳斥,然后 分析其优点缺点、危害性、最后说明自己的观点)四：出

31、题位置1)如果问题在段首(a)通常是段落主题句.认真阅读后文内容,根据段落一致性原那么,查找同义词 或其他相关的词,推断出主题句.(b)与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等.着重阅读后文第一两句,锁定线索信号 词,然后在选项中查找相关特征词.通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思 上是紧密衔接的,因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段,尤其中选项是几句话时.比如,如果选项中出现时间年代时,往往要注意与原文中年代的前后对应关系.段落间的过渡句.这时要前瞻后望找启示,即阅读上一段结尾局部,通常正 确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来,并结合下一段内容,看所选的答案是否将两段内 容连贯起来.2)如果问题在段尾(

32、a)空白前的一句或两句是重点语句,重点阅读以锁定关键词.(b)通常是结论、概括性语句.注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信 号词,如 therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a w(O司语, 选项中也可发现前文的同义词句.与前文是转折或比照关系.此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、比照的关联 词,同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、比照关系.(d)与前文是并列或排比关系.在这种情况下,通常是该段落要求补全说明本段 主题的其他细节,因此根据段落一致性原那么,在原文和选项

33、中找到相关的特征词,通常精品文档欢送来主页在选项中会出现表示并列/递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构,或出现同义词等其他信号线索.前面的一句与正确答案的第一句是紧密相连的.要特别注意阅读这样相 连的两句,通常会找到关键的线索词句.e所选答案是引出下一段的内容.如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联,此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接.认真阅读下一段开头几句,看是否与选项的 最后一句紧密连接起来.f如果第一段的段尾是空白,要认真阅读,看此处是细节还是主题.通常文章 第一段要提出文章的主题,如果在段尾提出主题,会用一些信号词如转折词引出来,正 确答案中应有这样的特征词.英语文章绝大多数都是总分

34、结构,无论是全篇的逻辑,还是每一个独立的意群一 般以自然段的形式出现的逻辑都是总分结构.利用总句和分句中可能存在的上述的各 种衔接关系可以迅速地解题.由于篇幅有限,这里就不举例说明了.下面让我们来用上述总结的方法巧解咱们做过的几篇文章.第二节共5小题；每题2分,共10分根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最正确选项.选项中有两项为 多余选项.Most drinks stating that they are fruit-flavored 水果味道的 contain no fruit at all, while most of the rest contain only a smal

35、l quantity of fruit, according to a study carried by the British Food Commission.Shoppers need to check the label,标签before buying drinks, though sometimes the actual content can be non-existent, said Food Commission spokesperson Lan Tokelove. Food production is highly competitive. 71 _ It will incre

36、ase profits, and consumers wont always realize they are being tricked.Flavorings are focused on the flavors of natural food products such as fruits, meats and vegetables, or creating flavor for food products that do not have the desired flavors. Researchers analyzed the contents of 28 strawberry-fla

37、vored products sold in stores.72 Of the 11 products that did contain strawberries, five of them contained lessthan one percent real fruit In addition, each juice box contained nearly eight teaspoons of sugar73 Lets take jam as an example. Some strawberry-flavored jam was labeled as containing no art

38、ificial colors, flavors, or sweeteners, but it contained absolutely no strawberries at all.74 Consumers have the rights to know clearly about what they have bought Under current UK law. Food packages do no not have to distinguish between natural and artificial flavoring. Describing a product as stra

39、wberry flavor and covering the surface of the packed with pictures of stawberries is misleading. 75 Unfortunatcly, it is also legal and widespread, Tokelove said.A. The products which contain real fruit are popular with peopleB. Even products advertised as more natural often contained no fruitC. The

40、y found that about 60 percent of them didnt contain any fruit at allD. If companies can cut their costs by using flavoring, they are likely to do so精品文档欢送来主页E. It is important and necessary to demand a small amount of flavoring in the productsF. Actually the product contains just a tiny percentage o

41、f strawberry or even no fruit at allG. The Food Commission suggested all flavors used in a product should be listed on the packaging.71题解析原题空格前后两句：Food production is highly competitive .71 _ It will increase profits, and consumers wont always realize they are being tricked正确选项：D. Ifcompanies can cut

42、 their costs by using flavoring, they are likely to do so 分析：这是五题中最简单的一道.选项中的costs和pro巾ts都与金钱,属于同一范畴概念.另一层对应是逻辑上的,空格前面讲到竞争力大,空后讲到能增加利润,又不让 顾客发现.所以他们会通过添加其他香料来节约本钱.属于我们前面总结的解释型逻辑 关系.72题解析原题空格前后两句：.Researchers analyzed the contents of 28 strawberry-flavoredproducts sold in stores 72 Of the 11 products

43、 that did contain strawberries, five of them contained less than one percent real fruit 正确选项： C. They found that about 60 percent of them didnt contain any fruit at all.分析：从数字60 percent空后11和空前的28可以推出此空与数字有关.再从空中的 them和空后的the 11 products可以推测前面提到了 products这属于数字线索.73题解析原题空格前后两句：73 Lets take jam as an e

44、xample. Some strawberry-flavoredjam was labeled as containing no artificial colors, flavors, or sweeteners, but it contained absolutely no strawberries at all.正确选项： B. Even products advertised as more natural often contained no fruit分析： 这道题是很明显的例证关系,由观点到例子的做题模式.从后句中的 was labeled as containing no art

45、ificial colors, but it contained absolutely no strawberries at alfM 得出后面是 具体以草莓产品为例子,fruit对应strawberries, natural对应artificial,也属于同一范畴类, 再从出题位置上,为段首,一般为总结性语言.所以,答案很好锁定.74题解析原题空格前后两句： 74 Consumers have the rights to know clearly about what they have bought正确选项： G. The Food Commission suggested all fla

46、vors used in a productshould be listed on the packaging.析：此题空后讲到顾客有权利,上面应该是权力机构 的要求.也就是 Consumers have the right#口 The Food Commission是同一范畴词汇对应； 第二层对应为：选项中的空后的clearly和空中的should be listed on the packaging./对应 关系.75题解析精品文档 欢送来主页原题空格前后两句：Describing a product as strawberry flavor and covering thesurface

47、 of the packed with pictures of strawberries is misleading. 75 Unfortunately, it is also legal and widespread, 正确选项 F.Actually the product contains just a tiny percentage of strawberry or even no fruit at all.分析：此题有两层对应.第一层对应是：空格后面的,strawberries是和空中的strawberries第二层对应是：misleading 和空中的 Actually tiny p

48、ercentage of strawberryM于例证关系.利用代词线索范文阅读以下短文,根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项.选项 中有两项为多余选项.On a typical hot August day in Xianyou County, Fujian Province, Zeng Demei, a retired worker in his seventies, hurries down a busy street In his hand is a black leather bag Zeng opens his bag, taking out two form

49、s71.Each of the forms contains detailed information of a student . On his arrival two hours later a woman greets him and leads him to her office where another man is waiting They are the two village officials . They inspect the forms handed to them by Zeng and immediately recognize the girls.72? It

50、s a pity but it doesnt matter says Zeng, whowastes no time in deciding to look for the remaining child, Su Qiuju.After half an hour, they stop outside a small house made of mud brick . A middle-aged man and a girl in a faded pink dress greet themSu Qiuju is eight years old. She was forced to drop ou

51、t of school after both her parents died. She is now living with her uncle who cannot afford his own childrens education . However, the year of education Su Qiuju did complete was a successful one 73When they are about to leave, Zeng says, I must find a supporter for this girl to sponsor her educatio

52、n. Zeng has made it his retirement task to help children complete their schooling. Back in 1999, Zeng took part in a campaign started by the local womens organization to help students from poor families 74 His task had begun and since then he has spent his time persuading his friends and neighbors a

53、nd others to donate money. To me, childrens education is the most important. 75 I have to find sufficient funding before the school opens in SeptemberWhen asked how long he will keep up his vital work as the communitys guardian angel, he has a simple reply Not until my eyes cant see, and my feet can

54、t move A. They were having problems with their schoolworkB. These are for the two girls hes going to visit this morningC. They live in a small village not very far, though only one of the girls is still living at home D. She displayed a talent for handwriting, writing her three-character name neatly

55、 and beautifullyE. The thought of students dropping out of school bothers me so much that I cant get to sleep at nightF. Of course, some people question why I would want to give up my retirement to go to so much troubleG. He was so overcome by the tough situation of many poor children ?that he donat

56、ed all his money to help out a girl精品文档欢送来主页解析：71 题空前为 Zeng opens his bag, taking out two forms 关键词 two forms 正确选项 B. These are for the two girls hes going to visit this morning 中的 these, he 与上面名词 forms, Zeng 对应.72. They inspect the forms handed to them by Zeng and immediately recognize the girls.72

57、 ? It s a pity but it doesnt m a tie前的 girls,空后 it s a py 项 C.Theylive in a small village not very far, though only one of the girls is still living at home 中得 they, only one of the girls 对应.73. However, the year of education Su Qiuju did complete was a successful one 73. 空前 的 Su Qiuju 和选项 D. She displayed a talent for handwriting, writing her three-character name neatly and beautifully中的 She对应,而且 successful和 talent对应.74. Back in 1999, Zeng took part in a campaign started by the local womens organization to help students from poor families. 74 空前的 Zeng, poor families 和 G 选项 He was