大学生英语四级阅读技巧

1、大学英语仔细阅读理解第一单元根据大学英语阅读理解测试能力的要求，阅读理解的试题类型可以分为以下五大类：主旨题、细节题、语义题、推理题和观点态度题。通过对历年大学英语四级试题的分析，阅读理解部分五类题型所占比重分别为：细节题占60%左右，主旨题和推理题各占15%左右，语义题和观点态度题各占5%左右。 在近年的四级考试中，阅读理解题型不断变化，较难的主旨类和推理类比重加大。尽管所选材料题材广泛，包罗万象，但其体裁选用和题型设置相对稳定，提问方式大同小异，因而考生可通过熟悉各种题型及其应试策略，提高阅读理解部分的做题正确率。 (一)细节题细节题即客观事实题，在大学英语四级考试中所占比例最大，目的是考

2、查学生对重要事实和细节的辨认与记忆能力。事实或细节是文章中用来论证或说明主题的依据。这类试题主要考查考生是否掌握了作者用来阐述主题的有关事实和细节，对文章的理解是否全面，是否透彻。这类问题不掺杂主观内容而是针对文章的某个具体细节如：时间、地点、人物、原因、结果、条件、现象等的提问。细节题主要对文中具体事实和细节(facts and details)进行提问。有时候，这类题目会进一步演化为是非判断题(true or false)，考查我们的辨别和排除能力。细节题的特征如下： 1、题干出现文中具体的人、概念、时间等，2、题干重现文中某句的信息，3、直接问某句某词或短语的意思。提问方式一般为：Whe

3、n (Where, Who, Why, What, How)?All of the following are mentioned in the passage exceptAccording to the passage, the best answer toisThe author saysbecauseWhich of the following may be the best reason for【解题技巧】在做细节题时，首先应当仔细阅读题目，弄清题目的具体要求，以及所给4个选项，然后在题目或选项中确定关键词，再利用关键词回文章中定位，找出文章中相对应的细节性句子，与4个选项进行对照，

4、以确定正确答案。通常细节题的答案在文章中都会找到，但是答案的表述和原文会有所差别，常常不是文章中的原话，而是词语或句子的同义表达。关键词的确定也有技巧。如果题目或选项中有专有名词(人名、地名等)、数字(年代、时间等)要将此定位为关键词。因为这些词有特点，在文章中很容易找到，所以很快就可以定位相应的细节，从而找到正确答案。如果题目或选项中没有明显的词，可以定位主要的名词或动词为关键词。在所给的选项中有3个属于干扰项，有的是片面性的，有的是部分正确，有的虽属文章相关内容，但不切合问题，有的用同义词、近义词或形似词进行干扰。因此，核对4个选项时，务必慎重，千万不要粗心大意，千万不要想当然。无论从数量

5、还是分值上看，细节类问题都是至关重要的。因此，平时要多读多练，熟悉并掌握细节类问题的解题步骤和技巧。其题解题技巧总结如下：如果在定位句中找不出答案，在定位句前后找找，一般答案不会出这三句。识别正确选项特征。好多学生看到这种说法可能会比较迷茫，下面我们一起来看一下英语四级仔细阅读正确选项及错误局限定位在做题时一定要找准题干定位词，定位至句找出答案。四级阅读细节题正确选项的特征：对应选项对应自文中某句的信息，不含推理、无凭空臆想、忌照搬常识。改写选项进行同义改写，没有大量照抄原文或者选项进行了同义词替换、句式变换、合理概括归纳。四级阅读细节题错误选项的特征：对应错误选项文章未提及或文章提及，但答非

6、所问。改写错误选项与原文相反、偷换原文概念、拼凑无关信息或与原文有偏差、过于绝对。2 . 主旨题对文章中心思想的提问，主要考查对文章进行概括或总结的能力，要求在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心思想，体会作者的主要写作意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、论点及作者的情感倾向。提问方式 ：Whats the main idea of?Whats the topic of?Whats the purpose of?Whats the point of?Whats the best title of?解题步骤首先要确定文章有无主题句，以及主题句在文章中的位置。文章的主题句通

7、常位于首段或尾段，有时也出现在文章的中间段落。段落的主题句通常位于段首或段尾，有时也在段落的中间。如有主题句，就能很容易确定文章或段落的主题。如果没有明显的主题句，就带着问题细读文章的首段和尾段找出其中心，抓住每个段落的主题句，明确文章的中心思想。 注意：如果文章主旨题出现在第一题，先不要做这道题，把后面的题做完后再回头做第一题，这样可以节省很多时间。解题技巧如下：开篇方式定中心根据文章的开篇方式确定文章中心。直叙型/转折型/问答型/举例型串联各段整中心整合各段首句、话题，根据这些内容总结出文章中心。巧用别题猜中心利用前面题目的信息推测中心。正确答案靠中心议论文主要考文章的话题、态度，说明文主

8、要靠文章的对象、特征。全文题大家比较容易过度推断或者遗漏条件，同学们在做这类提目时千万不要凭空猜测，一定要根据原文，做到有理可依。3 . 推理题与细节性问题相似，推理题也是对文章具体内容的判断。但推理不但要求掌握文章所表达的字面含义，还要从表面推出更深层含义，这部分往往出题分量大，难度大，出错也最多。包括(1)针对文章中的某个细节进行推断;(2)根据文章推测作者的观点、目的、态度和思路。(3)推断文章中没出现的前一段或下一段的内容。这类题常见的提问方式有：By saying, the author suggests that Whats the authors attitude towards

9、?It can be inferred that the preceding/following paragraph of the passage most probably discussedFrom the passage, it can be inferred thatIt is implied, but not stated, that解题步骤：推理题在大学英语四级考试阅读理解中是比较难的一类试题，切忌主观臆断，推理必须基于文章中的具体事实细节。做题时虽不能直接找到答案，但一定要在文中找到推测的依据，进行合理严密的推断。1 . 对某个细节进行推断-先在文中找到该细节所在的句子，在正确理

10、解该句的基础上推断出未知的事实。2 . 根据文章推测作者的观点、目的、态度和思路-先确定文章的中心思想，再根据中心和作者所陈述的事实及细节进行推断。3 . 推断文章中没出现的前一段或下一段的内容-仔细阅读并理解了文章内容的基础上，重点分析文章的首、尾两段尤其是文章的开始句和结束句。4 . 语义题所谓语义题就是从文章的某句话中选出一个单词、短语或词组进行提问，要求考生对其进行一定的分析，推测出其在文章中的特定含义。语义题考到的词汇通常有两种情况：一种是超过大纲的生词;一种是简单词汇，但意义不常见。考查我们通过上下文猜测词义的能力 。常见的提问方式有：The word “” in lineprob

11、ably meansWhich of the following has the closest meaning to “”?The author uses the expression“”to refer toThe word “” can best be replaced by解题步骤：1 . 找到该词或短语所在的句子。2 . 确定词性以及单词、短语等在句子中所起的语法作用，明确整个句子的含义。3 . 对上下文进行分析，确定上下文中是否有该词的定义、同义词、近义词或反义词，从而可以判断出正确答案。4 . 根据上下文逻辑关系，联系日常生活中的有关常识，分析出合理的场景因素推断单词或短语的含义

12、。(还可以利用构词法的知识，尤其是词缀法来猜测词义。)5 . 观点态度题态度题要求我们对作者的态度(attitude)、全文的基调(tone)、文章的出处(source)作出判断。这类问题的提问方式有：Whats the tone of the passage?The authors view isThe writers attitude of this passage is apparentlyWhats the writers attitude to?解题步骤在回答态度类问题时，对文章体裁的考查是一个非常重要的方面。一般来说，在说明文中作者的态度是客观的(objective)或中立的(ne

13、utral);而在议论文中，作者的观点才会显得多种多样。态度题中常用的选项有：positive(积极的)、negative(消极的)、neutral(中立的)、approval(赞成的)、 disapproval(不赞成的)、indifferent(漠不关心的)、sarcastic(讽刺的)、critical(批评的)、 optimistic(乐观的)、pessimistic(悲观的)等。态度题中更多的选项1 . biased 2 . objective 3 . subjective4. partial 5 . impartial 6 . sensitive7 . puzzled 8 . sc

14、ared 9 . gloomy10 . content 11 . doubtful 12 . cautious13 . supportive 14 . opposition 15 . suspicion16 . contempt 17 . tolerance 18 . dissatisfaction答题时注意两点：1 . 注意文中带有感情色彩的词，通过这些词可以推测出作者对所论述问题的态度。2 . 注意作者对文章所论述问题的客观描述，通过这些描述推测出作者对其的看法和态度。Exercises: 1. The human brain contains 10 thousand million ce

15、lls and each of these may have a thousand connections. Such enormous numbers used to discourage us and cause us to dismiss the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability, but now that we have grown used to moving forward at such a pace we can be less sure. Quite soon，in only 10 or 20 ye

16、ars perhaps，we will be able to assemble a machine as complex as the human brain, and if we can we will. It may then take us a long time to render it intelligent by loading in the right software (软件)or by altering the architecture but that too will happen.I think- it certain that in decades not centu

17、ries*machines of silicon (桂)will arise first to rival and then exceed their human ancestors. Once they exceed us they will be capable of their own design. In a real sense they will be able to reproduce themselves. Silicon will have ended carbons long control. And we will no longer be able to claim o

18、urselves to be the finest intelligence in the knowledge.As the intelligence of robots increases to match that of humans and as their cost declines through economies of scale we may use them to expand our frontiers first on earth through their ability to withstand environments, harmful to ourselves.

19、Thus deserts may bloom and the ocean beds be mined. Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of a vast, man-created world in space，home to thousands or millions of people， will be within our power.1. It can be in

20、ferred from the passage that_. A. after the installation of a great number of cells and connections robots will be capable of reproduction B. with the rapid development of technology people have come to realize the possibility of making a machine with human-like ability C. once we make a machine as

21、complex as the human brain, it will possess intelligence D. robot will have control of the vast, man-made world in space 2. It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are inside, the organizational constraints (约束) influence wage increases. One thing, however, is certain:

22、your chances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are less if you dont at least ask for it. Men tend to ask for more, and they get more, and this holds true with other resources, not just pay increases. Consider Beths story: I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. We had cubicle

23、(小隔间) offices and window offices. I sat in the cubicles with several male colleagues. One by one they were moved into window offices, while I remained in the cubicles, several males who were hired after me also went to offices. One in particular told me he was next in line for an office and that it

24、had been part of his negotiations for the job. I guess they thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way. It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but “nice” isnt a quality attributed to most organizations. If you feel

25、you deserve a significant raise in pay, youll probably have to ask for it. Performance is your best bargaining chip (筹码) when you are seeking a raise. You must be able to demonstrate that you deserve a raise. Timing is also a good bargaining chip. If you can give your boss something he or she needs

26、(a new client or a sizable contract, for example) just before merit pay decisions are being made, you are more likely to get the raise you want. Use information as a bargaining chip too. Find out what you are worth on the open market. What will someone else pay for your services? Go into the negotia

27、tions prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepared to use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction.1. According to the passage, before taking a job, a person should _.A. demonstrate his capabilityB. give his boss a good impressionC. ask for as m

28、uch money as he canD. ask for the salary he hopes to get2. What can be inferred from Beths story?A. Prejudice against women still exists in some organizations.B. If people want what they deserve, they have to ask for it.C. People should not be content with what they have got.D. People should be care

29、ful when negotiating for a job.3. We can learn from the passage that _.A. unfairness exists in salary increasesB. most people are overworked and underpaidC. one should avoid overstating ones performanceD. most organizations give their staff automatic pay raises4. To get a pay raise, a person should

30、_.A. advertise himself on the job marketB. persuade his boss to sign a long-term contractC) try to get inside information about the organizationD) do something to impress his boss just before merit pay decisions5. To be successful in negotiations, one must _.A. meet his boss at the appropriate timeB

31、. arrive at the negotiation table punctuallyC. be good at influencing the outcome of the interactionD. be familiar with what the boss likes and dislikes 3. According to a survey, which was based on the responses of over 188,000 students, todays traditional, college-age freshmen are ”more materialist

32、ic and less altruistic (利他主义的)” than at any time in the 17 years of the poll. Not surprising in these hard times, the students major objective “is to be financially well off. Less important than ever is developing a meaningful philosophy of life.” It follows then that today the most popular course i

33、s not literature or history but accounting. Interest in teaching, social service and the “altruistic” fields is at a low. On the other hand, enrollment in business programs, engineering and computer science is way up. Thats no surprise either. A friend of mine (a sales representative for a chemical

34、company) was making twice the salary of her college instructors her first year on the job-even before she completed her two-year associate degree. While its true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far remove

35、d from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions, be they scientific or artistic. It is equally true that, in studying the diverse wisdom of others, we learn how to think. More important, perhaps, education teaches us to see the connections between things, as

36、well as to see beyond our immediate needs. Weekly we read of unions who went on strike for higher wages, only to drive their employer out of business. No company; no job. How short-sighted in the long run! But the most important argument for a broad education is that in studying the accumulated wisd

37、om of the ages, we improve our moral sense. I saw a cartoon recently which shows a group of businessmen looking puzzled as they sit around a conference table; one of them is talking on the intercom (对讲机): “Miss Baxter,” he says, “could you please send in someone who can distinguish right from wrong?

38、” From the long-term point of view, thats what education really ought to be about.1. According to the authors observation, college students _.A. have never been so materialistic as today B. have never been so interested in the artsC. have never been so financially well off as todayD. have never atta

39、ched so much importance to moral sense2. The students criteria for selecting majors today have much to do with _.A. the influences of their instructors B. the financial goals they seek in lifeC. their own interpretations of the courses D. their understanding of the contributions of others3. By sayin

40、g “While its true that . be they scientific or artistic” (Lines 1-3, Para. 5), the author means that _.A. business management should be included in educational programsB. human wisdom has accumulated at an extraordinarily high speedC. human intellectual development has reached new heightsD. the impo

41、rtance of a broad education should not be overlooked4. Studying the diverse wisdom of others can _.A. create varying artistic interestsB. help people see things in their right perspectiveC. help improve connections among peopleD. regulate the behavior of modern people5. Which of the following statem

42、ents is true according to the passage?A. Businessmen absorbed in their career are narrow-minded.B. Managers often find it hard to tell right from wrong.C. People engaged in technical jobs lead a more rewarding life.D. Career seekers should not focus on immediate interests only. 4. Antarctica has act

43、ually become a kind of space station a unique observation post for detecting important changes in the worlds environment. Remote from major sources of pollution and the complex geological and ecological systems that prevail elsewhere, Antarctica makes possible scientific measurements that are often

44、sharper and easier to interpret than those made in other parts of the world.Growing numbers of scientists therefore see Antarctica as a distant-early-warning sensor, where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north. One promising field of investigation is gla

45、ciology. Scholars from the United States, Switzerland, and France are pursuing seven separate but related projects that reflect their concern for the health of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet a concern they believe the world at large should share.The Transantarctic Mountain, some of them more than 14,0

46、00 feet high, divide the continent into two very different regions. The part of the continent to the east of the mountains is a high plateau covered by an ice sheet nearly two miles thick. West of the mountain, the half of the continent south of the Americas is also covered by an ice sheet, but ther

47、e the ice rests on rock that is mostly well below sea level. If the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared, the western part of the continent would be reduced to a sparse cluster of island.While ice and snow are obviously central to many environmental experiments, others focus on the mysterious dry va

48、lley of Antarctica, valleys that contain little ice or snow even in the depths of winter. Slashed through the mountains of southern Victoria Land, these valleys once held enormous glaciers that descended 9,000 feet from the polar plateau to the Ross Sea. Now the glaciers are gone, perhaps a casualty

49、 of the global warming trend during the 10,000 years since the ice age. Even the snow that falls in the dry valleys is blasted out by vicious winds that roars down from the polar plateau to the sea. Left bare are spectacular gorges, rippled fields of sand dunes, clusters of boulders sculptured into

50、fantastic shapes by 100-mile-an-hour winds, and an aura of extraterrestrial desolation.Despite the unearthly aspect of the dry valleys, some scientists believe they may carry a message of hope of the verdant parts of the earth. Some scientists believe that in some cases the dry valleys may soak up p

51、ollutants faster than pollutants enter them.1. What is the best title for this passage?A Antarctica and environmental Problems.B Antarctica: Earths Early-Warning station.C Antarctica: a Unique Observation Post.D Antarctica: a Mysterious Place.2. What would the result be if the West Antarctic Ice She

52、et disappeared?A The western part of the continent would be disappeared.B The western part of the continent would be reduced.C The western part of the continent would become scattered Islands.D The western part of the continent would be reduced to a cluster of Islands.3. Why are the Dry Valleys left

53、 bare?A Vicious wind blasts the snow away.B It rarely snows.C Because of the global warming trend and fierce wind.D Sand dunes.4. Which of the following is true?A The Dry Valleys have nothing left inside.B The Dry Valleys never held glaciers.C The Dry Valleys may carry a message of hope for the verd

54、ant.D The Dry Valleys are useless to scientists. 5. On Thursday afternoon Mrs. Clarke, dressed for going out, took her handbag with her money and her key in it, pulled the door behind her to lock it and went to the over 60s Club. She always went there on Thursdays. It was a nice outing for an old wo

55、man who lived alone.At six oclock she cane home, let herself in and at once smelt cigarette smoke. Cigarette smoke in her house? How? How? Had someone got in? She checked the back door and the windows. All were locked or fastened, as usual. There was no sign of forced entry.Over a cup of tea she won

56、dered whether someone might have a key that fitted her front door-a master key perhaps. So she stayed at home the following Thursday. Nothing happened. Was anyone watching her movements? On the Thursday after that she went out at her usual time, dressed as usual, but she didnt go to the club. Instead she took a short cut home again, letting herself in through her garden and the back door. She settled down to wait.It was just after four oclock when the front door bell rang. Mrs. Clarke was making a cup of tea at the time. The bell ran