托福小马过河学科词汇分类词汇汇总版

1、第一、动物学adaptation适应adder小毒蛇alga（复数algae）藻类alligator美洲鳄amphibian两栖动物amphibian两栖动物anatomy解剖学ancestry系谱，血统animaladaptation动物适应性animalcognition动物的认知能力animalscommunicate动物交往antenna触须（复数antennae）anthropoid类人猿aquarium养鱼池aquatic水生的,水栖的arachnid蜘蛛类的节肢动物armor甲artery动脉asymmetric不对称auk海雀baboon狒狒bacteria细菌balance生

2、态平衡bat蝙蝠beak喙，鸟嘴beast兽beaver水獭biologicalvacuum生物演变真空期biologist生物学家bivalve双壳类bloodcell血液细胞brant黑雁breed（名词）品种；（动物）繁殖buffalo美洲野牛burrow洞穴canary金丝雀carnivore食肉动物carnivorous食肉类的carrioncrow吃腐肉的乌鸦caterpillar毛虫caviar鱼子酱centipede娱蚣chameleon变色龙chemicalcomposition化学成分chimpanzee黑猩猩chipmunk花栗鼠chirp唧唧喳喳叫cicada蝉circ

3、ulatorysystem循环系统clam蛤蝌claw爪子cobra眼镜蛇cockroach嶂螂cocoon（蚕）茧;（昆虫的）卵袋coelenterate腔肠动物cold-blooded冷血cold-bloodedanimal冷血动物compoundeye复眼coral珊瑚crab蟹crane鹤crayfish淡水小龙虾，蒯蛀cricket蟋蟀crocodile鳄鱼crow鸦Darwinism达尔文学说degeneration退化dieout灭绝digestion消化digestiveenzyme消化酶digestivesystem消化系统dinosaur恐龙diving潜水dolphin海

4、豚domesticate驯养eagle鹰earthworm蚯蚓echolocation声波定位ecologist生态学家ecology生态学ecosystem生态系统eel鳗酬eland大羚羊electricfish/发电鱼endangeredspecies濒危物种hump驼峰ingestion摄食insect昆虫insecticide杀虫剂invertebrate无脊椎动物jaw颗jellyfish水母larva幼虫；幼体(复数lavae)lizard蜥蜴lobster龙虾mammal哺孚L动物mandible下颗,下颗骨mantis螳螂marinebiology海洋生物学mate交配met

5、amorphosis变形microbe微生物migrate迁移migratory迁移的molecule分子mollusk软体动物molt脱毛monogamous雌雄的；单配的moose驼鹿moth蛾子multiply繁殖mutation变种naturalselection自然选择nerve神经nest筑巢nestlenit幼虫，卵octopus章鱼offspring(young)后代omnivorous杂食的order目organ器官Ornithology鸟类学osprey鱼鹰ostrich鸵鸟otter水獭owl猫头鹰oyster牡蛎paleontologist古生物学家Entomology

6、昆虫学environment环境evolution进化excretorysystem排泄系统exposure暴露extinction灭绝falcon猎鹰fang毒牙fauna动物群feather羽毛,翎毛fertilize使受精;施肥finch雀（如燕雀、金翅雀等）flock羊群fluffy茸毛似的foodchain食物链form-changinganimal变形动物fowl家禽frog青蛙fuzzy有茸毛的genetics遗传学genus种类glue-like胶状goldeneagle鹫gorilla大猩猩grasshopper蚂蚱greasy多月旨的gregarious（social）群居

7、的habitat栖息地hair毛发hatch孵化hawk鹰herbivore食草动物herbivorous食草的herd兽群heredity遗传hibernation冬眠hide兽皮hive蜂巢homotherm恒温动物hopper单足跳者；跳虫如跳蚤、干酪蛆等）hormonalsystem内分泌系统hormone荷尔蒙，激素horn角hornet大黄蜂paleontology古生物学parasite寄生虫peck啄penguin企鹅perch（鸟）飞落；暂栖pest害虫pesticide杀虫剂plankton浮游生物poikilotherm冷血动物polyandrous一妻多夫的，一雌多雄的

8、prairiedog草原土拨鼠，草原犬鼠prawn对虾predator食肉动物predatory食肉的prey被捕食的动物（动词捕食）primate灵长类动物pupa蛹raccoon浣熊rattlesnake响尾蛇raven大乌鸦regeneration再生reproduce繁殖reproductivesystem生殖系统reptile爬行动物respiration呼吸respiratorysystem呼吸系统rhinoceros犀牛robin知更鸟rodent啮齿动物ruminant反刍动物salamander蛛螂scale鳞片scorpion蝎子scuba水下呼吸器sea-urchin海胆

9、secretion分泌；分泌物shell壳shrimp小虾skeleton骨骼，骷髅slothful懒惰的snail蜗牛solitary独居spawn卵；产卵species物种specimen标本speciology物种学spider蜘蛛spinalcord脊椎spine脊骨spineless无脊骨的spleen脾sponge海绵squid鳏鱼squirrel松鼠starfish海星sting针，刺，螫stork鹳stun使晕倒suborder亚目survival生存swarm蜂群symbiosis共生现象symbiotic共生的symmetry对称tadpole蝌蚪tentacle触须tis

10、sue组织toad蟾蛛，癞蛤蟆toe趾trap诱捕turtle海龟tyrannosaurus暴龙unfertilizedeggs未受精的卵variation变异；变体venom毒液vertebrate脊椎动物vestige退化的器官victim牺牲者，受害者viper蛭蛇vitamin维生素vulture秃鹫warm-bloodedanimal温血动物wasp黄蜂whale鲸wildlife野生wing翅膀worm虫Zoology动物学二、微生物学Aminoacid氨基酸Antibody抗体Bacterium细菌（单数形式）bacteria复数Bioticalagency生物媒介Calcium

11、钙Carbohydrate碳水化合物Carbondioxide二氧化碳Cell名田胞bloodcell血名田胞Chromosome染色体Disinfection消毒infection感染Enzyme酵母Fatigue疲劳（组织器官对刺激失去反应能力）Fermentation发酵Fungus真菌（单）fungi（复）Gene基因genetic基因的genetics基因学Geneticengineering遗传工程Glucose葡萄糖Immunology免疫学Incubation孵蛋Infection传染，感染Malaria疟疾，瘴气Microbe微生物（细菌）Microorganism微生物（微

12、小的生物）Microscopic泾渭的Nucleus到3胞核One-celled单细胞的Oxidation氧化Parasiteanimal寄生动物Parasiticdisease由寄生虫引起的病害Parasitology寄生虫学Pathogen病菌，病原体Penicillin青霉素，盘尼西林Protozoa原生动物（为最原始、最简单、最低等的单细胞动物）Sanitation卫生schistosomiasis血吸虫病Starch淀粉Sterilization灭菌Toxin毒素Vaccine疫苗Virus病毒Yeast酵母三、植物学Algae海藻alga复数Amber琥珀Angiosperm被子植

13、物，又称绿色开花植物Annual一年生的Annualplant一年生植物Aquaticplant水生植物Aroma香气Bark树皮Bean豆类植物Blossom花Botanic植物的Botanical植物学的Botanist植物学家botany植物学bough大树枝branch树枝broadleaf阔叶树bud芽bunch束，串bush灌木cactus仙人掌chlorophyll叶绿素column花柱corn玉米crossbreed杂交density密度desertplant沙漠植物dwell居住，栖息echinoderm棘皮类植物elm榆树eucalyptus核树evergreen常青树ev

14、erlasting永久的fern蕨类植物fieldstudy野外实习flesh果肉flexible柔韧的，易曲的，灵活的foliage叶=leaffragrance香气fungus菌类germinate发芽herb草herbicide除草剂husk外壳jungle丛林kernel果仁larch落叶松laurel月桂树lawn草坪leaflet小叶liana藤蔓植物lichen地衣，苔群malnutrition营养不良Marshplant沼泽植物Meadow草地，牧场Metabolism新陈代谢Morphology形态学Moss苔群Nectar花蜜Nitrogen氮Nourish施肥于，滋养No

15、xious有害的Nutrition营养Odor气味Parasiticplant寄生植物Peculiarity特性Peel果皮Perennial多年生的Perennialplant多年生植物Petal花瓣Photosynthesis光合作用Pine松树Pollen花粉Pollinate对。授粉Pollination授粉Polygamous杂性的Prairie大草原Protein蛋白质Protoplasm原生质Rainforest热带雨林Ranch大农场Raptor猛禽，肉食鸟（predator捕食者）Redwood红木树Root根部Scent气味，嗅猎Seedplant种子植物Shoot嫩芽，抽

16、枝Shrub灌木bushSoybean大豆Sprout发芽Spruce云杉Stalk柄Stem茎Stimulant刺激stimulate刺激Toxicresidue残毒Tropicalplant热带植物Tundraplant冻原植物Twig小树枝Vine藤Walnut胡桃树Wither凋谢四、农业Agriculture农业Agricultural农业的Aquaculture水产业Arable可耕的Barn谷仓Conservatory温室Cotton棉花Cowshed牛棚Cultivate培养，耕作Cultivation培养，教养Eggplant茄子Fertile肥沃的Fodder饲料Garli

17、c大蒜Granary谷仓Graze放牧Greenhouse温室，花房Harvest收获Hay干草Haystack干草堆Horticulture园艺Husbandry管理Hydroponics水耕法Indigenous本土的Irrigate灌溉Livestock家畜Manure施肥于Orchard果园Pasture牧地Pigpen猪舍Plantation耕地，种植园Poultry家禽Prolific多产的Ranch大农场Seedbed苗床Silt淤泥Tractor拖拉机Weed野草五、考古学Ancestor祖先Ancientcivilization古代文明Anthropologist人类学家An

18、tique古董Antiquity古代，古老Archaeologist考古学家Archaeology考古学Archaic古老的Artifact人造物品Ascend攀登，上升Bronzeage青铜器时代Chronological按年代顺序的Clan氏族，部落Cranial颅骨的Culturalrelics文物Excavate挖掘Exhume掘出，挖出Fossil化石Hominid原始人类Ironage铁器时代Mesolithic中石器时代的Neolithicage新石器时代Paleoanthropology古人类学Paleolithicage旧石器时代Porcelain瓷器，瓷Prehistori

19、c史前的Primitive原始的Rockpainting岩画Ruin遗迹，废墟Scoop铲子，掘；舀取Skull头骨Tribe部落六、地质学Activevolcano活火山Aluminum铝Bonanza富矿带Borehole地上凿洞Cataclysm灾难Continentalcrust大陆地壳Crater火山口Diamond钻石Dormantvolcano休眠火山Emerald祖母绿，翡翠Erupt喷出，爆发Eruption爆发Fault断层Gem宝石Geologicsurvey地质调查Geologist地质学家Geology地质学Geomagnetism地磁学Geonomy地球学Glaci

20、al冰川的Glacialepoch冰川期Glacier冰川Granite花岗岩iceberg冰山innercore内核iron铁Jurassicperiod侏罗纪时期knot山脉的交结点landlockedarea内陆lava火山岩浆layer（stratum,复数strata）地层lead铅limestone石灰岩lithosphere岩石圈lodge小屋longitude经度lowerreach下游magma岩浆magnitude地震震级mantle地幔marble大理石metamorphicrock变质岩mineral矿物；矿石mountainslope山坡nickel馍nitrogen

21、ous氮的NorthPole北极NorthernHemisphered匕半球oceanbottom海床oceaniccrust海洋地壳orbit轨道ore矿石outburst爆发，突发outercore外核peak山顶petrify石化pit深坑summit山顶swamp沼泽temperate温带的terrestrialheat地热terrestrialmagnetism地磁学thaw解冻timezone时区tin锡tremor颤动tributary支流TropicofCancer北回归线TropicofCapricorn南回归线tropicalrainforest热带雨林tunnel隧道，地

22、道upperreach上游valley山谷vegetation植被vertical垂直的volcanic火山的volcanicash火山灰volcanicdust火山尘volcano火山volcanoeruption火山爆发watershed分水岭zinc锌七、地理学altitude海拔高度Antarctic南极的Antarctica南极洲Arctic北极的arid干旱的Basin盆地canal运河Canyon峡谷cavern(cave)巨洞，洞窑channel海峡cleft缝隙，劈开的cliff悬崖coastland沿海地区collide碰撞continent大陆continentaldri

23、ft大陆漂移continentalisland大陆岛continentalshelf大陆架contour轮廓，等高线plate板块platinum白金，钳quartz石英quartzite石英岩ravine峡谷reclaim开垦，垦殖reef暗礁relic遗迹remains残余物remnant残余物remove移动Richterscale李氏震级ridge脊背rift(crack;split)裂缝；断裂riverbed?河床ruby红宝石sedimentaryrock沉积岩seism地震seismic地震的seismicfocus震源seismicintensity烈度seismicinten

24、sityscale地震强度分级seismicmap地震图seismicplane地震面seismicprospecting地震勘探seismicray地震波射线seismicwave地震波seismogeography地震地理学seismogram地震图seismograph地震仪seismology地震学seismometer地震仪seismometry地震测量seismoscope地震波示波仪，验震器silver专艮slope斜坡sodium钠SouthPole南极SouthernHemisphere南半球speculate推测spring泉水squirt喷出StoneAge石器时代str

25、atigraphy地层学subcontinent次大陆sulfur硫磺gorge峡谷GrandCanyon大峡谷gulf(arm)海湾hemisphere半球highland高地hillside山坡horizon地平线horizontal水平的igneousrock火成岩incandescent白炽的infertile贫瘠的insular海岛的insulate隔离island岛屿islet小岛latitude纬度ledge矿层，矿脉longitude经度，经线lowland低地margin(湖,池等的)边缘marine航海的maritime海上的melt融化meridian子午线mountai

26、nchain山脉mountainrange山脉navigation航海oasis绿洲offshore海面上的，远离岸的outskirt夕卜边，交B区parallel平行圈，纬线peninsula半岛plain平原plateau(highland)高地precipice悬崖range山脉，多山的地区region区域，地方salinity盐度sea-floorspreading海床扩张sediment沉淀物smelt冶炼straits海峡subsidiary辅助的，补充的subterrane表层下基岩subterranean地下的summit,top,crest,peak顶峰copper铜cora

27、lisland珊瑚岛core地核cosmopolitan世界性的crack裂缝crest山顶crevice（墙壁，岩石等的）裂缝crust地壳cycle天体的轨道dam水坝debris碎片delta三角洲demolish破坏，粉碎deposit堆积物；沉淀物；沉积；矿床desert沙漠diffuse传播，扩散disintegration分解dispose处理，处置distribute散布分布diversity多样性dormant休眠的（火山）drill钻孔earthquake地震ebb衰落edge边缘，边界elevation抬升；高地；海拔eliminate排除endemic风土的，地方的ep

28、icenter震中equator赤道erode侵蚀erosion腐蚀，侵蚀evaporation蒸发Expedition探险extinctvolcano死火山extract开采，提炼faultplane断层面fieldstone卵石flaw裂缝formation形成frontier边境frostheaving冻涨现象gap缝隙geographer地理学家geography地理geothermal地热的Physics物理学Power功率radioactivity放射性reagent试齐ijreduction还原reflection反射refraction折射resonance共振sensitiv

29、ity灵敏度solidify固化solution溶液testtube试管ultrasonic超生波ultravioletray紫外线uniformmotion匀速运动vaporize/5veIpEraIz/汽化volt伏特voltage电压watt瓦特九、天文学ammonia氨asteroid小行星asteroid小行星astrology占星术astronaut宇航员astronomer天文学家astronomical天文的astronomicalobject天体Astronomy天文学astrophysics天文物理学BigDipper北斗七星blackhole黑洞celestial天上的c

30、elestialbody天体celestialmap天体图celestialsphere天球centrifugalforce离心力centripetalforce向心力chondrite球粒状陨石chromosphere太阳的色球层clockwise顺时针方向cluster星团comet彗星constellation星群，星座cosmic宇宙的cosmicradiation宇宙射线tectonics构造学temperate温带的terrain地形terrestrial地球的，陆地的terrestrialmagnetism地磁tide潮汐topography地形，地形学tropical热带的tr

31、opic回归线volcanicisland火山岛zone地域八、物理与化学acceleration力口速度accelerationofgravity重力力口速度Acoustics声学anode正极biochemistry生物化学calorie卡路里cathode负极chemicalreaction化学反应combustion燃烧compound化合物conduction传导conservationofenergy能量守恒Deceleration减速度decomposition分解dilution稀释directcurrent直流电distillation蒸储electrode电极element

32、化学元素expansion膨胀fluorescence荧光frequency频率gasify气化inorganicchemistry无机化学isotope同位素liquefy液化magnet磁铁magneticforce磁力Magnetism磁学Mechanics力学Newtonslawsofmotions牛顿运动定律Optics光学organicchemistry有机化学outerspace夕卜太空photosphere光球层planet行星planetarium天文馆planetoid小行星Pluto冥王星Polestar北极星pseudoscience伪科学quasar类星体radiat

33、ion辐射revolution公转revolve旋转rotation自转satellite人造卫星Saturn土星skyatlas天体图solar太阳的solarcalendar阳历solarcorona日冕solareclipse日食solarradiation太阳辐射solarsystem太阳系spacedebris太空垃圾spaceshuttle航天飞机spacesuit太空服spacetelescope空间望远镜spacecraft太空船spin旋转starcluster星团stellar恒星的sunspot太阳黑子telescope望远镜timedifference时差timezon

34、e时区universal宇宙的universe宇宙Uranus天王星Venus金星writedwarf白矮星十、气象学atmosphere大气层avalanche(snowslide)雪崩balmy温和的barometer气压计blast一阵blizzard暴风雪cosmicrays宇宙射线cosmology宇宙学cosmos(universe)宇宙counterclockwise逆时针方向eclipse(日/月)食emission发射，散发faint微弱的feeble微弱的galaxy星系gaseousbodies气态包gravitationalforce吸弓I力Greenwichmeant

35、ime格林威治时间heaven天空high-resolution高清晰度ignite点燃illusiveobject幻影物体image图像infinite无限的infraredray红夕卜线interferometer干扰仪intergalactic银河间的internationaldateline国际日期变更线interplanetary行星间的interstellar恒星间的Jupiter木星leapyear闰年lightyear光年luminosity光度Lunar月球的lunarcalendar阴历Mars火星Martian火星的massive厚重的Mercury水星meteor流星m

36、eteorshower流星雨meteorite陨石meteoroid流星体MilkyWay银河系molten溶化nakedeye肉眼nebula星云Neptune海王星observatory天文台outeratmosphere大气层10breeze微风chilly寒冷的climate气候convection对流cumulonimbus积雨云current(气)流cyclone气旋damp(wet;moist;humid)潮湿的devastation破坏dew露disaster大灾难downpour倾盆大雨drizzle细雨droplet小水珠drought旱灾duststorm尘暴evaporate蒸发fog(mist)雾forecast(predict)预报frigid寒冷的frost霜gale大风hail冰雹heat-wave热浪humidity湿度hurricane飓风lightening闪电meteorologica