2020-2021高考英语专题复习阅读理解(含答案)

1、2020-2021高考英语专题复习 阅读理解（含答案）一、高中英语阅读理解1 . （2019?浙江）阅读理解Money with no strings attached. It's not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need

2、."People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash tothe board.“People of all ages, races, and soconomic (社会经济的)backgrounds gave andtook, "said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress co

3、me up to the board and take a few dollars." Most of the bills on the board were(片段)shows onesingles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip man who had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board."What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were

4、 full of smiles," Bridges said. "There's a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most." Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could.While the clip might look like pa

5、rt of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet."After all, everyone has bad days and good days," he said. "Some days you need a

6、helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping h and.”(1) What does the expression "money with no strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean?A. Money spent without hesitation.B. Money not legally made.C. Money offered without conditions.D. Money not tied together.(2) What did

7、Bridges want to show by mentioning the bride?A. Women tended to be more sociable. B. The activity attracted various people.C. Economic problems were getting worse. D. Young couples needed financial assistance.(3) Why did Bridges carry out the project?A. To do a test on people's morals.B. To rais

8、e money for his company.C. To earn himself a good reputation.D. To promote kindness and sympathy.【答案】(1) CB(3) D【解析】【分析】这是一则新闻报道，讲述在洛杉矶的联合车站，竖起了一块木板，上面钉着一些美钞和一个牌子，上面写着留下你能给予的，拿走你所需要的。”虽然有很多人拿走了钱，但是还是有人把钱钉在木板上。(1)词义猜测题。根据下文第二段开头while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the btoard可

9、知这个板子的目的是为人们提供爱心交换，需要的从上面拿钱，有富余的可以在上面留钱。这些钱是没有附加条件的。故答案为Co(2)推理判断题。题干中的bride是Tyler Bridges举的一个例子，为了证明前一句Peopleof all ages, races, and socio-economic (社会经济的)backgrounds gave and took , 即这个活动吸引了各种年龄、种族和经济背景的人。故答案为Bo(3)推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy 可知他发起这个

10、活动的 目 的是 让人们展示慷慨和同情。故答案为D。【点评】这是一篇新闻报道，文章的第一段第三句话就是本文的主题句，阅读时要要弄清 新闻的主旨，弄清细节，根据问题中的关键词找到相关语句并能分析理解相关的句子，从 而得到需要的答案。2 .阅读理解During this shopping season, salesmen will come up with different strategies to get your business. Many product companies use specific colors to cause positive emotions and compe

11、te for a sale. However, sight is not the only sensory （ 感官的）retail that companies use. Sounds and smells can also influence consumers' purchasing decisions.Nobel Prize-winning research shows that our sense of smell has great power to cause an emotional response. A study published earlier this ye

12、ar compared purchasing in a French flower shop when the smell of lavender （ 薰衣草）was given off and when it wasn't. It found that the smell increased the number of consumers' purchasing items and the amount of their purchases.An earlier study using Nike shoes found that consumers desired the s

13、hoes more, and were willing to pay more, when the room had a mixed smell of flowers. Realizing the subconscious impact of smell, many stores apply artificial scents （ 气味）through their heating and air-conditioning vents （通风口）or place scent machines above their doors. For instance, a coconut scent mig

14、ht make that bikini more appealing as you long for a vacation.Ever felt frenzied due to a store's fast-paced music? Or calmed by a piece of light music? A retailer's choice of music can have a big impact on consumers' moods. One study found that when subjected to loud music, consumers wi

15、ll spend less time in a store. But interestingly, the researchers did not find a difference in sales or customers' satisfaction. Another interesting finding from a recent study was that customers actually shop longer when exposed to unfamiliar music. Just as department stores use different scent

16、s in certain departments, many use different music in some areas to appeal to varying consumers.Well, you could always leave the store and take a break, but the food court probably isn't your best choices as brands like Cinnabon and Panera Bread also use scents as part of their customers' ex

17、perience. Online retailers （ 零售商）use a variety of other strategies to get your business, but you can always neglect those and enjoy the familiar scents of home.11） The passage is mainly about.A. consumers' favorite sounds and smells while shoppingB. shopping malls' strategies for satisfying

18、consumersC. some special services from super shopping mallsD. two factors affecting consumers' shopping decisions(2) What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?A. Decorating stores with flowers becomes a fashion.B. Shops with special smells can attract more consumers.C. Smells can actually help busin

19、essmen gain more profits.D. The products with a kind of special smell are more popular.(3) How does music have an effect on consumers?A. It controls consumers' desire for shopping.B. It influences how long consumers stay in a shop.C. It gives consumers the satisfaction of enjoying shopping.D. Wh

20、ether consumers are willing to buy things depends on it.(4) Which of t he following can replace the underlined word“frenzied " in Paragraph 3?A. Satisfied.B. Depressed.C. Surprised.D. Excited. What does the writer try to express in the last paragraph?A. Online shopping is becoming more and more

21、 popular nowadays.B. People should spend more time at home with family members.C. People can choose to get rid of salesmen's promotion strategies.D. Smells and sounds are important for consumers' shopping experience.【答案】(1) DC(3) B(4) DC【解析】【分析】本文为说明文。这篇文章主要介绍了影响消费者购物决定的两个因素。(1)主旨大意题。根据第段中的S

22、ounds and smells can also influence consumers'purchasing decisions.(声音和气味也会影响消费者的购买决定)及下文对这两个因素的介 绍可知，本文主要介绍了影响消费者购物决定的两个因素。故答案选Do(2)推理判断题。根据第二段中的It found that the smell increased the number ofconsumers' purchasing items and the amount of their purchases.(研究发现， 这种气味增力口了消费者购买物品的数量和购买量)可推知，气味实

23、际上可以帮助商人获得更多的利润。故 答案选Co(3)细节理解题。根据第三段中的One study found that when subjected to loud music,consumers will spend less time in a s tore Another interesting finding from a recent study was that customers actually shop longer when exposed to unfamiliar music.(研究发现,当音乐音量过大时，消费者在商店里的时间会减少最近一项研究的另一个有趣发现是，当顾客

24、接触到不熟悉的音乐时，他们的购物时间实际上更长)可知，音乐会影响消费者在商店里停 留的时间。故答案选Bo（ 4）词义猜测题。A. Satisfied 满意的；B. Depressed 沮丧的；C. Surprised 吃惊的；D.Excited 兴奋的。根据第三段中的Or calmed by a piece of light music? （还是听着轻音乐平静下来?）可知，划线词所在句意为“有没有因为商店里快节奏的音乐而感到疯狂?”，由此推知，划线词意为“疯狂的 ”，疯狂是一种兴奋的状态。故答案选D。（ 5）推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Online retailers （零售商 ） use a

25、 variety of otherstrategies to get your business, but you can always neglect those and enjoy the familiar scents of home. （网上零售商使用各种各样的策略来获得你的生意，但你可以忽略这些，享受熟悉的家的味道）可知，作者想要告诉人们，我们可以选择摆脱销售员的促销策略。故答案选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：

26、段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上 下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3 阅读理解Every year migratory（ 迁徙的 ） bats travel from Mexico to Bracken Cave, where they spend the summer consuming insects that would otherwise hungrily eat common food crops. But the bats have been showing up far earlier than they did two decades ago.In a stu

27、dy, scientists at Rothamsted Research, an agricultural laboratory in England, used radar data from 160 U.S. weather stations to analyze activity in the Texas bat colony from 1995 through 2017. They discovered the creatures were leaving their winter quarters in Mexico earlier and reproducing sooner.

28、They were also astonished to find increasing numbers of bats overwintering（ 过冬 ） at Bracken Cave instead of heading back to their cold weather quarters in Mexico. Overwintering is a sign that warmer temperatures change the bats' annual rhythms, Rothamsted biologist Phillip Stepanian says.A separ

29、ate study of migratory bats in Indiana, published last year, found that temperature variations affected arrival and departure times likewise hinting at the potential influence of climate change. Joy O'Keefe, a biology professor at Indiana State University and co-author of that study, says early

30、arrival at their summer habitats（栖息地）could expose these bats to cold snaps（寒流）,and they could freeze to death.Joy O'Keefe and her colleagues also found that changing bat migration times can also clash with rainfall patterns. Many insects that bats eat breed in seasonal lakes and puddles. If the

31、bats arrive too early to benefit from summer rainfall and the resulting abundance of insects they may struggle to feed their pups（幼崽）or skip reproduction altogether, O'Keefe says. She fears this shift could cause Midwestern bats to decrease toward extinction, which would be bad news for humans.

32、"Declines in bat populations could have severe effects for crop success," she says, adding that bats also "control significant disease vectors, such as mosquitoes."However, scientists are not certain that climate change alone is causing the Bracken Cave bat colony to migrate earl

33、ier. They have found a direct link between seasonal temperatures and bird migration, but bats are also influenced by factors such as changes in wind speed and direction.And there are other complications." Bats are mysterious little animals that move mostly at nightand are difficult to observe a

34、nd track," Stepanian says. "We have this conceptual picture of what might be happening, but really tying it to the cause is the next step."11) Scientists at Rothamsted Research found that.A. bats prefer colder weatherB. bats delay their reproductionC. warming affects bat migrationD. r

35、adar can be used to observe bats2 2) Joy O'Keefe discovered that.A. bats are used to living in rainfall seasonsB. bats' earlier migration might harm farmingC. insects' reproduction helps to spread diseaseD. insects shortage makes bats reproduce earlierE. ) What does the last paragraph wa

36、nt to tell us?A. Wind speed and direction affect bats. B. It is difficult to observe and track bats.C. Climate change makes bats migrate earlier. D. Further research on the cause is necessary.F. ) What is the best title for the passage?A. Bats' habitats B. Endangered bats C. Bats' schedule D

37、. Bats, our good friends 【答案】(1) CB(3) D(4) C【解析】【分析】【点评】本文是一篇说明文，作者先提出蝙蝠迁徙提前的这种现象，然后分析了这种现象 可能导致的后果，最后分析了可能导致蝙蝠迁徙提前的原因。(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"Overwintering is a sign that warmer temperatureschange the bats' annual rhythms, Rothamsted biologist Phillip Stepanian says. 罗斯泰德的生物 ” 学家菲利普斯捷潘尼安说，越冬是气温

38、升高改变蝙蝠年度节律的一个标志，可知，蝙蝠越 冬的方式是一个迹象，这表明了气温上升改变了它们每年的迁徙规律。故选Co(2)考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"'the bats arrive too early to benefit from summerrainfall and the resulting abundance of insects, they may struggle to feed their pups( 幼崽)or skip reproduction altogether, O'Keefe says. She fears this shift coul

39、d cause Midwestern bats to decrease toward extinctio n, which would be bad news for humans." Declines in bat populationscould have severe effects for crop success,奥基夫谢e黜ysS蝠来得太早，无法从夏季降雨和由此产生的大量昆虫中获益，它们可能难以喂养幼崽，或者完全跳过繁殖。她担心这种转变可能会导致中西部蝙蝠走向灭绝，这对人类来说是个坏消息。蝙蝠数量的减少可能对作物的成功产生严重影响，”她说，可知，蝙蝠过早地迁徙会因为缺少食

40、物，导致喂养幼仔的困难，或者跳过繁殖期，这将导致蝙蝠数量减少，害虫增加，从而对农作物产生 影响。由此可知，乔伊奥基夫发现，蝙蝠过早的迁徙可能会危害农业。故选 Bo(3)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"However,scientists are not certain that climatechange alone is causing the Bracken Cave bat colony to migrate earlier. 然而，科学家们还不能“ 确定仅仅是气候变化就导致了蕨类洞穴蝙蝠群落更早的迁徙；及 "Batsare mysterious littleanim

41、als that move mostly at night and are difficult to observe and track,“ Stepanian says.have this conceptual picture of what might be happening, but really tying it to the cause is the next step.斯捷潘尼安说：蝙蝠是神秘的小动物，大多在夜间活动，很难观察和追踪。”。我们对可能发生的事情有一个概念性的描述，但真正将其与原因联系起来还需要进一步的 研究。”可推知，对蝙蝠迁徙提前的原因还需要进一步的研究。故选 D

42、o(4)考查主旨大意。作者通过第一段中的"Buthe bats have been showing up far earlierthan they did two decades ago.但是蝙蝠出现的时间比20年前要早得多)提出蝙蝠迁徙提前的这种现象，然后分析了这种现象可能导致的后果，最后分析了可能导致蝙蝠迁徙提前的 原因。由此可知，本文主要围绕蝙蝠的迁徙时间变化展开介绍分析。由此可知选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅 读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推 理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4

43、.阅读理解Most adults find it hard to recall events from their first few years of life and now scientists have found exactly when these childhood memories fade( 消失).A new study has found that most three-year-olds can recall a lot of what happened to them over a year earlier, and these memories persist wh

44、ile they are five and six, but by the time they are over seven, these memories decline(衰退)rapidly.Most children by the age of eight or nine can only recall 35% of their experiences from under the age of three, according to the new findings.The scientists behind the research say this is because at ar

45、ound this age the way we form memories begins to change. They say that before the age of seven children do not have a sense of time and place in their memories. In older children, however, the early events they can recall tend to be more adult-like in the way they are formed. Children also have a fa

46、r faster rate of forgetting than adults. The findings also help to explain why children can often have clear memories of events but then forget them just a couple of years later.The youngsters first visited the laboratory at the age of three and discussed six unique events from their past, such as f

47、amily outings, trips to the zoo, and the first day of school. The children then returned for a second session between the ages of five and nine to discuss the same events. The researchers found that between the ages of five and seven, the amount of memories the children could recall remained between

48、 63 -72 percent. However, the amount of information eight-to nine-year-old children could recall dropped to 35 and 36 percent.(1) What does the new study tell us?A.Childhood memories decline with years.B.Three-year-old kids are the cleverest.C.Childhood memories can fade easily.D.Some adults cannot

49、recall past events.(2) What does the underlined word "persist" in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Change.B.Remain.C.Appear. D.Return.（ 3） What can we learn from Paragraph 4?A.Adults cannot have clear memories of past events.B.Children can think like adults when they get older.C.Children under 7 years o

50、ld have different ways of forming memories.D.Children often forget things because they have no idea of time or place.（ 4） In the second session, nine-year-old children .A.refused to discuss the same eventsB.remembered all their family outingsC.could recall 72 percent of their past eventsD.only remem

51、bered a small part of their past events【答案】（ 1 ） A（ 2） B（ 3） D（ 4） D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了记忆消失的一些知识。大多数三岁的孩子都能回忆起一年前发生在他们身上的许多事情，这些记忆在五岁和六岁时依然存在，但到七岁以上时，这些记忆会迅速衰退。在七岁之前，孩子们在记忆中没有时间感和位置感。在5 到 7 岁之间，孩子们能回忆起的记忆量保持在63%到72%之间。然而，8 至 9 岁儿童能够回忆起的信息量下降到35%和 36%。（ 1）考查细节理解。根据第二段“ A new study has found that mos

52、t three -year-olds can recalla lot of what happened to them over a year earlier, and these memories persist while they are five and six, but by the time they are over seven, these memories decline（ 衰退 ） rapidly. 一项新 ” 的研究发现，大多数三岁的孩子都能回忆起一年前发生在他们身上的许多事情，这些记忆在他们五岁和六岁时仍然存在，但当他们超过七岁时，这些记忆迅速衰退。可知新研究告诉了我们

53、童年时的记忆随年龄而衰退。故选A。（ 2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“ but by the time they are over seven, these memoriesdecline（衰退）rapidly.到七岁以上时，这些记忆会迅速衰退，可知这些记忆在五岁和六岁时 依然存在，故划线单词persist 的意思是：存在，保留。故选B。（ 3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“ They say that before the age of seven children do nothave a sense of time and place in their memories. 他们说在七岁

54、之前，孩子们在记忆中没有时”间感和位置感。可知孩子们经常忘记事情，因为他们没有时间感位置感，故选D。（ 4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ However, the amount of information eight-to nine-year-old children could recall dropped to 35 and 36 percent. 然而， 8 至 9 岁儿童能够回忆起的 ”信息量下降到35%和36%。可知在第二阶段，九岁的孩子只记得他们过去的一小部分事情。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信

55、息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。（ 5） 理解A typical child plays many roles, such as friend, neighbor, son or daughter. Simply reminding children of that fact can lead to better problem-solving and more flexible thinking, according to new research from Duke University.Better problem-solving was just one

56、 positive finding of the study, said lead author Sarah Gaither, an assistant professor of psychology and neuroscience at Duke. After thinking about their own various identities, children also showed more flexible thinking about race and other social groupings a behavior that could be valuable in an

57、increasingly diverse society.In a series of experiments, Gaither and her colleagues looked at 196 children, ages 6 and 7. In an experiment, one group of children was reminded that they had various identities, such as son, daughter, reader or helper. A second group of children was reminded of their m

58、ultiple physical attributes, such as a mouth, arms and legs. All the children then needed to handle a few tasksChildren who were reminded of their various identities showed stronger problem-solving and creative thinking skills. When shown pictures of a bear staring at honey-filled beehive（ 蜂窝 ）high

59、up in a tree, these children had more creative ideas for how the bear might get the honey, such as turning over a bowl so that it became a stool（ 凳子 ）. In other words, they saw a new use for the bowl. Children who were reminded of their multiple roles also showed more flexible thinking about social groupings. When asked to categorize different photos of faces, they suggested many ways to Spso. They identifie